ADANI INSTITUTE OF INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT

AHMEDABAD
POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA MANAGEMENT (IM & LAW)
2019 – 2021
TRIMESTER – IV

PUNE CITY
In the subject of
URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT
Date of Submission
23rd September 2020
Submitted by: Submitted to:
Diwang Basal (IM_17) Prof. Astha Agarwalla
Gayathri Chandrakrishnan (IM_18)
Hardik Dhiman (IM_19)

Suraj Kumar (IM_45)

Suriya Prakash (IM_46)
Chirag Matharani (LM_03)
Nishit Bhatt (LM_05)
 Contents

Section 1: Pune Profile ................................................................................................................2

1.1 Geography .........................................................................................................................2
1.2 Population .........................................................................................................................3
1.3 Historical Background .......................................................................................................5
1.4 Economic Profile ...............................................................................................................7
1.5 Drivers of Economic Activity .......................................................................................... 10
Section 2: Budget and Governance ............................................................................................12
2.1 Budget analysis ................................................................................................................ 12
2.1.1 Income and Expenditure (Figures in Crores) ..............................................................13
2.1.2 Ratio Analysis ...........................................................................................................15
2.1.3 Municipal bonds ........................................................................................................15
2.2 Structure of governance ................................................................................................... 16
Section 3: Status of Urban Infrastructure ...................................................................................18
3.1 Water Supply ................................................................................................................... 18
3.2 Sewerage ......................................................................................................................... 22
3.3 Solid Waste Management ................................................................................................ 25
3.4 Urban Transport............................................................................................................... 31
Section 4: Urban Poverty ..........................................................................................................33
4.1 Status ............................................................................................................................... 33
4.2 Initiatives Taken .............................................................................................................. 34
Section 5: Smart City Mission ...................................................................................................35
5.1 Projects Identified ............................................................................................................ 35
5.2 Sources of funding ........................................................................................................... 36
5.3 Status of Implementation ................................................................................................. 37
5.4 Challenges & Measures being taken ................................................................................. 38
Section 6: Conclusion ...............................................................................................................39

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 Section 1: Pune Profile
1.1 Geography
Pune is a district situated in Maharashtra, which is the second largest city/district in Maharashtra
after Mumbai. Pune district is located between 17 degree 54’ and 10 degree 24’ North latitude
and 73 degree 19’ and 75 degree 10’ East longitude. The district has its geographical area of
15.642 Sq.km. The size of Pune City is 331.3 km². From the north-east the Pune district is
covered by Ahmadnagar district, from south-east it is bounded by Solapur district, Satara district
on south and Raigad district on its west. The landscape of Pune district is triangularly distributed
in western Maharashtra the foothills of Sahyadri Mountains. Also the district is divided into three
parts such as : towards west 15 to 30 kms Mountains known as Ghatmatta, towards east of
Ghatmatta 15 to 30 kms plane known as Maval and towards east, the plane areas are known as
Desh. The district is located 150 kms east of Mumbai at an altitude of 560 meters above the
mean sea level.
If we see the climate of Pune city, the western region of Pune is cool while the eastern part is hot
and dry. The district comes under the tropical monsoon land and therefore shows a significant
variation in the temperature as well as in rainfall patterns. The rainfall is unevenly distributed,
the western part of the district receives high rainfall compared to eastern part and this is because
the western parts are situated adjacent to the west coast which has hills covered by the forest
area. The Pune district has 14 taluka’s namely: 1.Pune city. 2. Daund. 3. Baramati. 4. Bhor. 5.
Indapur. 6. Velhe. 7. Purandar. 8. Shirur. 9. Ambegaon. 10. Khed. 11. Junnar. 12. Maval. 13.
Mulshi. 14.Haveli. Among these the taluka’s namely Velhe, Maval and Mulshi lies in the highest
rainfall intensity zones. And the taluka’s that fall under moderate rainfall intensity zones are
Bhor, Ambegaon, Junnar, Khed, Haveli, Pune city and Purandar. Baramati, Daund, Indapur and
Shirur are the taluka’s which has lowest rainfall intensity, dry and semi-arid zones. The rainfall
is by the southwest monsoon winds in summer and 87% of rainfalls during the months of
monsoon. June is the month of monsoon and the maximum intensity of rainfall occur during the
months of July and August. And the month April and May are the hottest months of the district.
During these months the maximum temperature that could be reached is 38 degree Celsius.
December and January are the coolest months with average temperature falling below as low as
11 degree Celsius.

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1.2 Population
There are two Mahanagarpalika in Pune district namely: 1. Pune (PMC) 2. Pimpri-Chinchwad
(PCMC) and also there are 11 Nagarpalika in Pune district. There are 3 cantonments Board in
Pune: 1. Pune 2. Dehu Road 3. Khadki. Pune district census was taken in the year 2001, 2011
and the next was to be taken in the year 2021. As per the official census released by the
Directorate of Census Operations in Maharashtra, Pune had a population of 9,429,408 in 2011.

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 Census Data Description Year – 2011
Population 3,124,458
Male 1,603,675
Female 1,520,783
Population growth 30.37%

Area Sq.Km 15,643

Population density/km2 603
Proportion to 8.39%
Maharashtra population

Sex ratio(per 1000) 948

Child sex ratio (0-6 age) 908
Average literacy 89.56%
Male literacy 92.31%
Female literacy 86.67%
Total child population (0- 337,062
6 age)

Male child population(0- 176,624

6 age)

Female child 160,438

population(0-6 age)

Literates 2,496,324
Male literates 1,317,345
Female literates 1,178,979
Illiterates 628134
Male Illiterates 286330
Female Illiterates 341804

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 Population Growth
Year Population

3132143

2538473

1566651
1203351

1981 1991 2001 2011

1 2 3 4

1.3 Historical Background

The term Pune has originated from the word Punya or holy, the first reference to the city was
given from copper plates as early as 768 and 758 A.D. These copper plates were made by the
Rashtrakuta ruler, Krishna I, and the region is referred to as ‘Punaka Vishaya’ and ‘Puny
Vishaya’ respectively. During this period only the famous and beautiful Pataleshwar rock-cut
temple was built.

Around 9th century, Pune was under the rule of Yadava Empire of Deogiri. The Khalji Dynasty
ruled Pune overthrew Yadavas in 1317. Also Pune was under the rule of Islam for 300 years by
the Tughlaqs who replaced Khalji. During this period only Muslims and few non-Muslim
soldiers lived in the town halls and the rest of the non-Muslims lived outside.

In the early 1600s, the first Maratha began to rule, and Pune is known famous when it was under
the Maratha rule. But the power kept shifting between the Bhosale dynasty, the Mughals and the
Adilshahi until the 1700s. Shivaji was the founder of Maratha Empire and After Shivaji’s death
in the late 1600s, Aurangzeb returned to power. Later, Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath, the newly
appointed Maratha, was given charge of Pune. The region remained under his family’s rule until
Bajirao II, the great-grandson of Balaji Vishwanath, who was defeated by the British in the early
1800s.

Pune rose to a prominent position under the rule of Bajirao II, or Nana Saheb. After the Battle of
Panipat in 1761, the influence of the Maratha on the region was reduced to a great extent. Nana
Saheb built many important landmarks in the city, such as the lake in Katraj and the underground
aqueduct that brings water from the lake to Shaniwar Wada, an underground sewage system, and
the temple on Parvati Hill.

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When the British came into the power of Pune, it became an important political centre along with
Delhi. Hence these two cities were the first cities which got importance during the British rule.
In 1851, Pune took a step towards becoming a seat of learning with the formation of Deccan
College. A few years later, in 1857, the Pune-Mumbai railway track as well as the well-known
Khadakwasla Dam was built. Some of the most prominent colleges in the city, such as Deccan
College, Fergusson College, and College of Engineering, were founded. Important historical
icons, like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Gopal Krishna Gokhale, were educated at Deccan College.
Tilak is also responsible for establishing Fergusson College in 1885 and New English School in
1880.

1947: Post Independence

Pune saw enormous
growth transforming it into 1949: The education
a modern metropolis sector continued its
growth post
independence era with
1950: The Poona the establishment of the
Municipal Council was University of Pune (now,
reorganized to form the Savitribai Phule Pune
Pune Municipal University)
Corporation (PMC)

1950: National Chemical

Laboratory established

1954: The establishment

of Hindustan Antibiotics
in 1954 marked the
beginning of industrial
development in the
Hadapsar, Bhosari, and
Pimpri areas.

1955: National Defense

Academy established

1970’s: Several
engineering companies
were set up in the city,
allowing it to vie with
Chennai.

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 1990’s: Pune began to Post 1990: The city saw a
attract foreign capital, huge influx of people to
particularly in the the city due to
information technology and opportunities offered by
engineering industries. IT the manufacturing, and
parks were established in lately, the software
Aundh, Viman Nagar, industries.
Hinjawadi, Wagholi,
Kharadi and Balewadi-
Baner region.

2001: Six-lane Mumbai- 2008: The

Pune expressway project Commonwealth Youth
completed. Games took place in
Pune, which encouraged
development in the
northwest region of the
city.

Today, Pune is the second largest city in Maharashtra and a hub of education and corporate
careers. Home to a fairly young population and surrounded by several beautiful hill stations,
Pune has managed to preserve its historic heritage while making way for the contemporary. It
isn’t only the ninth most populous city but also one of the most liveable places in India today.
Also in 2018, the Ease of Living Index by the Indian Union Housing and Urban Affairs Ministry
ranked Pune as the most liveable city in India.

1.4 Economic Profile

Pune is well-connected to Mumbai – the financial capital of India and is also well networked to
other major cities across the country as well as the world. With respect to Gross Domestic
Product (GDP), Pune is ranked 6th in the top 10 wealthiest cities in India. Pune city is the second
highest in the state of Maharashtra after Mumbai in terms of GDP Contribution. The major
sectors that are contributing to the city’s economic growth are manufacturing, education, tourism
and culture.
Pune has created strongest human capital and economic growth engine among other Indian cities.
Home to many colleges and universities, Pune has made its mark as an education epicenter, the
city has 811 colleges which made the city has “Oxford of the East” with this the city had 30% of

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graduate and resulted in many IT sector development. The city is the 2nd largest software hub in
the country.
The city has also seen growth in manufacturing sector. The city was a destination for FDI in
India and the destination for many startups; more than 400 local start-ups were present in Pune
city. With more educated people, the city was able to drive its economic growth and education
was being a major driving factor among all these.
In terms of Physical Infrastructure such as Airports in Maharashtra, Pune ranks second after
Mumbai in Passenger movement, Aircraft movement and Freight. The headquarters of Bank of
Maharashtra is in Pune. The city of Pune is the leader in Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)
services. Pune district has 177 IT Parks. List of Prominent IT Parks: Talawade IT Park, Dehu-
Moshi Road, Hinjewadi IT Park Phase I & II, Kharadi IT Park.

Status of SEZ Location Developer Primary Industry

Operational Pune Maharashtra Computer/electronic
Industrial software
Development
Corporation (MIDC)
Operational Pune Khed Economic Engineering &
Infrastructure Pvt. Electronics under the
Ltd. developer
Formal Approval Pune Maharashtra IT/ITeS
Industrial
Development
Corporation (MIDC)
Formal Approval Pune Syntel International IT/ITeS
Private Limited
Formal Approval Pune Serum Bio-pharma Pharmaceuticals &
Park biotechnology
Formal Approval Pune EON Kharadi IT/ITeS
Infrastructure Private
Limited
In-principal Pune Worldwide Oilfield Engineering
Approval Machine
Pvt Ltd

Over the last three decades, Pune has developed as one of the prominent urban agglomerates in
India. It has rapidly grown into a contemporary industrial hub and is identified today as a
growing metropolis with tremendous potential. This evolution has positioned Pune as a major
growth centre and an attractive investment destination. Multinational companies around the
globe have been drawn to Pune to set up shop and expand their existing businesses.

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Indicator City (Municipal Corporation)
Per Capita Income (Rs.) at 2004-05 88341
constant price *
Urban Poverty Ratio (% of urban 2.73
population)**
Unemployment Rate, 2011-12*** 3.29
Work Participation Rate, 2011-12*** 35.07
Work Status, 2011-12 (%) ***
Self-employed: 28.00
Regular/wage salaried employees: 66.38
Casual labour: 5.62
Sectoral Distribution of Workers, 2011-12
(%)***
Primary 0.34
Secondary 32.16
Tertiary 67.50
Workers Classified by Major Occupation,
2011-12(%) ***
Legislators, senior officials and managers 20.52
Professionals 19.49
Technicians and associate professionals 5.55
Clerks 7.57
Service workers, shop & market sales 12.36
workers
Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 0.28
Craft and related trades workers 12.95
Plant and machine operators and 11.77
Assemblers
Elementary occupations 9.52
Workers not classified by occupation 0
Primary Commodity Manufactured# 1. Automobile engineering
2. Software
3.Chemical engineering
Major Industries## Metallic – Automobile Spare Parts
Machine Tools
Non metallic – IT Industries & Software
Technology Parts
Agro Based
No. of sanctioned SEZ 20
Note: 3 year average of 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12

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Source: * Directorate of Economics and Statistics of respective State Governments and for all
India- Central Statistics Office
**Unit Level Data of National Sample Survey Organization, Household Consumer Expenditure
in India, 68th Round, 2011-12
***Unit Level Data of National Sample Survey Organization, Employment and Unemployment
Situation in India, 68th Round, 2011-12

#District Census Handbook, Census of India, 2011

##District Industrial Profile, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government of India
∞ Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry

1.5 Drivers of Economic Activity

Numerous automobile manufacturers and ancillary companies have invested heavily in Pune,
setting up state-of-the-art production facilities. Among the first movers in this segment were Tata
Motors and Cummins, a leading manufacturer of diesel and natural gas engines, followed in
recent years by Mercedes-Benz and construction and farm-equipment company JCB. The
Automotive Research Institute of India, which provides research, development, testing and
certification services, is also located in Pune. It is India’s first Auto Cluster Development and
Research Institute. Set on driving growth in the state, the Maharashtra government has played a
key role in attracting investment and widening the scope of industry. A prime example is General
Electric’s multi-modal manufacturing facility in Pune, one of the company’s most advanced
facilities. Also there are many Tech start-ups which led to economic growth such as Pubmatic,
Firstcry.com, Storypick.com, TastyKhana.com and Swipe all based in Pune.
The three major sectors in the city are:

(1) Automotive Sector

Pune is the largest auto hub of India with over 4,000 manufacturing units in the Pimpri-
Chinchwad region alone. Pune is home to large players like Bajaj Auto Limited, Daimler
Chrysler Limited, Tata Motors.

Bajaj Auto Ltd

• The company is the world's fourth-largest two- and three-wheeler manufacturer
• The company is based in Pune with a regional office at Akurdi and manufacturing
plants in Chakan, Pune.
Tata Motors Ltd
• The company is the world’s fourth-largest truck and bus manufacturer.
• The company has an auto manufacturing and assembly unit at Pune. The Pune unit
is spread over two geographical regions – Pimpri (800 acres) and Chinchwad (130 ac)
Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd
• The company’s products include tractors, SUVs and LCVs.
• It has manufacturing facilities in Pune.

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(2) Manufacturing Sector
The city’s manufacturing sector also accounts for a number of jobs in Pune. There are a few
booming manufacturing sectors in and around the city that contributes substantially to the gross
domestic product (GDP) of the state. Among them cable and pump manufacturing takes the lead
with names like Kirloskar Brothers. After Kirloskar started operations in the city and its vicinity
way back in 1945, several other players followed suit. Along with Kirloskar, several other
players have come up and given the cable manufacturing sector in Pune its required boost.
Manufacturing sector also offers ample jobs in Pune spanning across various job profiles.

(3) Information Technology/ITeS & Electronics

Over the last two decades, Pune has slowly joined the bandwagon of a metro city with
Information Technology (IT) foraying in since the mid-1990s. Several top-notch IT companies
operate from this city including the likes of Infosys and Cognizant. Of late, even the US IT giant,
Microsoft intends to launch its project in the city very soon. The IT sector happens to be one of
the leading employers and offers abundant jobs in Pune for software engineers and others.

Accenture
• Accenture is a global management consulting, technology services and outsourcing
company, with around 259,000 people serving clients in more than 120 countries.
• It has major operating centre in Pune.

IBM
• IBM is one of the biggest IT solutions and product firms having presence across
the globe.
• The company has a significant presence in India, with centres in Pune.

Capgemini
• Capgemini is a global IT major headquartered in Paris, France, and operates in
more than 40 countries.
• It has software centres in Pune. In February 2014, the company opened a new
facility at Pune with a seating capacity of 2,800 persons, adding to the 4,000 people
it employs at its Pune campus.

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 Section 2: Budget and Governance

2.1 Budget analysis

The PMC budget provides a breakdown not by sectors but by PMC departments (which are not
directly aligned with different sectors) and by accounting convenience. To understand sectoral
budget allocation, data from seven different parts of the budget had to be collated.
These seven parts are:

a. Revenue expenditure ‐ Includes all running expenses of each of the budget departments
b. Capital expenditure ‐ Includes all capital expenses budgeted for each department except those
budgeted for ward works, JnNURM projects, special projects as well as the projects that are
executed from funds given to Corporators, MPs and MLAs.
c. Ward works ‐ Minor capital works undertaken at the ward level. Some of these projects are
suggested by the citizens themselves.
d. JNNURM ‐ projects under JnNURM where financial assistance is partly given by the Centre
and the State. The only projects undertaken under JnNURM are those related to transport, water
and sewage, bridges and river improvement and slum rehabilitation.
e. Special Projects ‐ Projects that are undertaken by a Special Purpose Vehicle and are just
related to the transport sector. This includes both projects which are undertaken to meet targets
set by the Comprehensive Mobility Plan (classified under “CMP projects”) as well as certain
projects that are classified as “Non Comprehensive Mobility Plan”.
f. Corporator’s Fund - Pune has 76 wards. Each ward has an elected representative (corporator)
who is given a particular amount every year (Rs. 20 lakhs in 2011‐12) to undertake certain
development activities in his/her ward. This also includes the money that has been given to the
Mayor (Rs.2 crores in 2011‐12) and 5 nominated members.
g. MP + MLA Funds - This is the money that is allotted to MPs and MLAs to undertake certain
development activities and the amount to be allotted is fixed by the Central /State Government.

12 | P a g e
2.1.1 Income and Expenditure (Figures in Crores)
Sources of Revenue 2013-2014 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Trendline

Property Tax & Water Tax 968.14 1144.32 916.58 1503.01 1634.42

Local Body Tax 1032.93 1303.33 1463.45 1393.6 1867.91

Rental Income from municipal properties 51.02 31.54 16.34 22.4 26.79

Fees and User Charges 726.24 946.87 1184.53 663.06 909.09

Sale of Forms & Publications 34.47 28.84 29.56 32.49 38.47

Revenue Grants, Contribution & Subsidies 269.82 104.13 110.04 334.84 158.57

Interest 110.84 92.31 84.07 190.53 129.4

Other Income 55.62 38.54 56 87.73 15.96

Others Taxes 1.16 1.59 1.34 1.49 1.66

TOTAL INCOME 3250.24 3691.47 3861.91 4229.15 4782.27

Income Chart
Others Taxes

Other Income

Interest

Revenue Grants, Contribution & Subsidies

Sale of Forms & Publications

Fees and User Charges

Rental Income from municipal properties

Local Body Tax

Property Tax & Water Tax

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

2017-18 2016-17 2015-16 2014-15 2013-2014

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 Areas of Expenditure 2013-2014 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Trendline
Establishment Expenses 654.62 849.69 1144.46 1052.25 1353.41
Administrative Expenses 150.89 181.36 173.06 214.68 276.19
Operation & Maintenance 151.55 148.1 199.79 523.71 502.29
Repairs & Maintenance Expenses 201.47 152.34 177.3 354.47 192.28
Interest and Finance Charges 18.59 16.85 14.16 11.02 8.11
Programme Expenses 7.78 7.6 8.14 20.42 22.69
Revenue Grants, Contribution & Subsidies 435.73 446.25 223.71 519.98 262.93
Miscelleneous Expenses 7.79 5.57 7.19 8.45 6.01
Provision For Overdues Property Tax &
Rent Receivable 132.66 196.24 74.31 256.58 380.43
Total Expenses 1761.08 2004 2022.12 2961.56 3004.34

Expense Chart

Provision For Overdues Property Tax & Rent Receivable

Miscelleneous Expenses

Revenue Grants, Contribution & Subsidies

Programme Expenses

Interest and Finance Charges

Repairs & Maintenance Expenses

Operation & Maintenance

Administrative Expenses

Establishment Expenses

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

2017-18 2016-17 2015-16 2014-15 2013-2014

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2.1.2 Ratio Analysis
Income Ratios 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tax /Total income 62% 66% 62% 68% 73%
Property and water tax / Total Revenue 29.79% 31.00% 23.73% 35.54% 34.18%
Local Body Tax / Total Revenue 32% 35% 38% 33% 39%
Grants,contributions & subsidies / Total Revenue 8% 3% 3% 8% 3%

Expense Ratios 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Establishments expenses to total Income 37.17% 42.40% 56.60% 35.53% 45.05%
Operations and Maintenance to Total Income 8.61% 7.39% 9.88% 17.68% 16.72%

2.1.3 Municipal bonds

First city in
India

IND AA+
5-year Bond
CARE AA+
Program
Credit rating

Municipal Bond

Debt Worth
Management approximately
Policy 2264 crore

200 Crore
raised in first
Tranche

Municipal bonds are debt instruments by which a municipal corporation raises money from
individuals or institutions and promise to pay a specified amount of interest and returns the
principal amount on a specific maturity date. Pune Municipal Corporation added a new chapter
in the country’s urban transformation saga by launching the first and the largest listed municipal
bonds program in India. In June, 2017, Pune Municipal Corporation had raised Rs 200 crore
through municipal bonds at an interest of 7.59 per cent to finance its 24x7 water supply project.
The plan was to raise Rs 2,264 crore in five years in what was then the biggest municipal bonds
programme in the country. The central government is promoting municipal bonds, the PMC
received two percent subsidy in the interest and received Rs 26 crore as a grant.

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2.2 Structure of governance

Pune city administration of 15 wards is further divided into 76 ‘prabhags’ classified into two
groups namely ‘A’ and ‘B’ with a total number of 152 councillors/corporators. These councillors
and five appointed members comprising the general body are headed by the Mayor. 50%
reservation to women is given across various categories including General Category, Schedule
Caste, Scheduled Tribe and Backward Class. The governance is distributed in terms of policy
making as a responsibility of the General Body, financial decision making as a responsibility of
the Standing Committee and Municipal Commissioner as the Chief Executive of the authority.

Standing Committee is the most powerful body in Pune Municipal Corporation as per the BPMC
Act, responsible for all the decisions pertaining to municipal finance matters. The Standing
Committee comprises 16 members out of the 152 elected from the corporation elections. These
16 members of the standing committee then elect a chairman of the committee. While
preparation of the civic budget is one of its significant functions, it is a stakeholder in almost all
financial decisions such as approval of project tenders.

In the elected wing the Mayor is the head and is subordinated and supported by wards
committees/ prabhag samitis. Councillors are elected representatives of 76 electoral wards of the
city who are elected every 5 years and the meeting of the councillors is held once in a month.
The electoral wards and their "structure" keeps changing. It went from being 48 wards with 3-
member panels, to 144 single member wards, to now 76 2-member panels.

The mayor, the first citizen of the city, is elected by the councillors and holds office for a period
of two and a half years, according to the The Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporations BPMC
Act. The Mayor presides over the General Body Meetings of the councillors. Along with the
General Body there are different committees which work in the city. Wards are represented by
16 | P a g e
the wards committees, whose main function is to approve the cost of works for the wards,
incorporate the expenses in the budget etc. There are 15 Prabhag Samitis in Pune city. According
to BPMC, Act 1949 Sec 29A the minimum number of wards committees in a corporation has to
be 13 with a population threshold of 24 lakhs. But this can increase to an excess of 25 wards
committee with each committee added per 6 lakh population. Accordingly, Pune has 15 wards
committees for a population of 30 lakhs.

The Administrative wing of the PMC works under the command of Municipal commissioner
who is heading a team of official from Additional commissioner level to Deputy Commissioner
and other line of officials who administer their respective domains. The Administrative wing is
responsible for all the developmental works in the city, maintenance of infrastructure, collection
of taxes, preparation of developmental plans and budgets.

17 | P a g e
 Section 3: Status of Urban Infrastructure

3.1 Water Supply

Pune is one of the biggest cities in the country which has no shortage of water as per capita
availability. According to the Census of India, 2011 data 99.20% of households have access to
tap water (from treated source) within Premises.
Total Demand (Note: Data as per year 2019-20)

Sr. Category Population Norm per Water

No. capacity per requirement per
person MLD
A. Domestic water demand
population category
1 Regular Household water 5208444 150 781.27
supply
2 Community Stand post 55 65.89
3 Water provided through tanker 55 36.24
4 Floating Population
A. Bathing facility provided 260422 359 9.11
B. Bathing facility not
provided
5 Village water supply outside
corporation limits
A. Stand post 55
B. Piped water 292857 70 20.50

B. Industrial water Demand – 107.99

Industrial use (Commercial)
34
Total 141.99

C. Net water requirement (A+B) 1055.00

D. Add losses 14% (15%) 158.25
Net fresh water requirement 1213.25
(C+D)
E. Present NRW around 35% 242.65
(20%)

Gross water requirement 1455.90

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House Service Connections

Total Number Domestic Non-Domestic Stand posts

149,360 134,017 13,993 1,300
(22,218 metered) All metered

Existing Supply Sources of water

In the existing distribution system clear water transmission mains Total Length is 247,989 m.
The total length of the entire distribution system is 2688.53 Km.

 Khadkwasla Dam - Allocation 16 TMC - 1242 MLD

 Pavana River - 30 MLD, through Chikhali WTP
 Panshet dam
 Warasgaon dam
 Temghar dam

19 | P a g e
Upcoming Projects and Challenges
Pune’s rapid geographic and demographic growth entails a big spike in the demand for water. In
order to future-proof the city from a potential situation of water crisis, Pune Municipal
Corporation (PMC) proactively conceived the ambitious and futuristic ‘24x7 Water Project’. The
main objectives of the project are as follows:

 To prepare capacity in the city to provide clean, safe and equitable supply of water to the
entire population of Pune for the next three decades
 To ensure day-long supply of water on all days
 To improve efficiency of the water utility system by reducing the level of water losses
and non-revenue water
 To ensure that a technologically, economically and environmentally sustainable water
supply service is provided to the city

This INR 2818 crore project aims to address important problems of the water distribution system
currently existing in Pune like variation in quantity and pressure of water supply across the
various parts of the city, irrational use of water, non-revenue water, unregistered and illegal
water connections, low storage capacity of service reservoirs etc. Some of the measures taken to
address these challenges are introduction of universal volumetric based 25 metering of water,
extensive application of water audits by introducing bulk flow meters, introduction of SCADA,
completion of a systematically planned leakage and repair activity of the water network,
augmentation of capacity of existing and proposed dams etc.

The water demand is estimated for the next three decades (upto year 2047) based on the
population growth projections. The number of water treatment plants, pumping stations, and
storage tanks required by the city are then arrived at. The city has been divided into 6 supply
areas and the transmission and distribution network is accordingly proposed to be revamped. The
entire project is divided into various phases and will be implemented accordingly.

20 | P a g e
Private Sector Participation
The PMC presently adopting private sector participation in a number of activities, the most
important of which are the ones described as below-

Designs
The design and detailed engineering proposals of most of the major projects in water, waste
water and storm water drainage are prepared with the help of specialized consultants in these
fields.

Surveys and Investigations

Topographic surveys and geotechnical investigations are conducted by agencies having the
equipment with new technologies.

Construction
Major projects are implemented using the services of the qualified contractors, specializing in
various areas such as Pipelines, water treatment plants and pump stations.

Supervision and Quality Control and Quality Assurance

The project management consultants are appointed for ensuring the quality of the works and
close monitoring of the progress, to ensure speedy implementation.

Operation and Maintenance

PMC is using the services of private agencies for operation and maintenance of some of the
components of the water supply system, such as Pump stations. In the recently planned and on-
going water treatment plants, the operation and maintenance for a period of five years is included
in the works contract.

21 | P a g e
Pilot DMA project
The PMC has recently launched the Pilot DMA project, to include universal metering, water
balance, Active leakage control to reduce the NRW. This contract includes operation and
maintenance of all assets in the area, including consumer and bulk flow meters, billing system
and consumer redressal.

3.2 Sewerage
The city has underground sewerage system. Under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban
Renewal Mission (JNNURM) 4 sewerage projects at a cost of INR 35865.64 Lakhs were
approved. Pune Municipal Corporation funded 5 other STP’s. PMC have outsourced contractors
for O&M (operation and maintenance) of STP’s.

History
The very first sewerage system for Pune city was designed in 1928. The collected sewage was
given preliminary treatment such as screening and grit removal at BhairobaNala, and it was used
for irrigation purpose by pumping 17.5 Nalli canal area. This system was designed for 31.8 MLD
to cater to the ultimate design capacity for population of 0.26 million in the year 1951.

In the year 1981, a complete collection and disposal system was planned taking into account the
adjoining areas where population was expected to increase. A 90 MLD Sewage Treatment Plant
was constructed at Dr Naidu I.D. Hospital. The treated sewage is let off into the Mula-Mutha
river. There is an intermediate pumping station at Kasba Peth of 90 MLD capacity from where
sewage is pumped into the sewage treatment plant at Dr Naidu Hospital.

Up to the year 1997, the total main sewer length in all the zones was approximately 146.83 km,
in old Pune city limit. Dr Naidu Sewage Treatment Plant with full-fledged primary and
secondary sewage treatment facility was treating 90 MLD sewage, and Bhairoba Nalasewage
treatment plant with primary sewage treatment facility was treating 32 MLD sewage.
Considering the increase in the area under the jurisdiction of PMC (430 sq.km) and a rapid rise
in population, the project plan for water supply and sewerage services was revised and
completed in the year 2005.

Projects in Process
Existing Sewage treatment capacity is being augmented by constructing 11 new STPs of 396 mld
treatment capacity to cater to the sewage generation upto the year 2027.

Summary

 A total of 744 MLD of sewage is generated in PMC limit, it is treated in nine STPs, and
the treated effluent is discharged into MulaMutha rivers.
 Pune City covered with 92% of sewerage network of 2,200 Kms.
 Six intermediate pump stations (IPS) for pumping the sewage.
 Nine existing Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)

22 | P a g e
  Sewage treatment capacity expansion is in process.

PMC Drainage Department

 Treats sewage to its desired parameter and send it back to river

 At Mundhava Jack well, water recirculation plant 6.5 TMC Capacity is erected and water
is pumped into the cannel for agriculture purpose

 Bio product is generated as fertilizer as a by-product and is used for Agriculture purpose

 Conducts educational visits at various STPs and Pumping Stations

Next Steps:

Population growth rate is about 29% during the last two decades, and PMC intends to scale work
based on the population projection mentioned below. Under the proposed Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA) project, existing Sewage treatment capacity is being augmented by
constructing 11 new STPs of 396 MLD treatment capacity to cater to the sewage generation up
to the year 2027.

The new STPs would are being upgraded/designed for better effluent quality of BOD<10 mg/l
and TSS<10 mg/l along with removal of nitrogen and phosphorus (nutrients). The proposal also
includes renovation and capacity augmentation of four existing intermediate pumping stations.
113.6 kms of sewers will be laid, including house connections and laterals. The proposal also
envisages installation of centralized SCADA system for the STPs and intermediate pumping
stations to monitor plant inflow and other water quality process parameters and introduction of
GIS/MIS for management of newly created assets. Around twenty four of community toilet
complexes are proposed to be built to check the open defecation along the river banks.

Population Projection and Sewage Generation

Category 2011 2017 2027 2047

PMC 3,115,433 3,918,763 5,101,058 7,375,348

Fringe Village 222,026 294,758 544,863 886,092

PCB 87,962 90,600 99,660 120,589

Total 3,425,421 4,304,121 5,745,581 8,382,029

Sewage Volume

Category 2027 2047

Total (MLD) 873 1,317

23 | P a g e
 Method of treatment

24 | P a g e
3.3 Solid Waste Management

Overview of Waste Management -

 In 2016, Pune generated 1600 -1700 tons of solid waste per day.
 160 trucks collect waste door-to-door, collecting an average of 198 tons per day.
 563 containers and 116 compactor buckets dispersed around Pune.
 Ward wise average- 350 to 750 grams per capita per day
 Construction and demolition waste generation –150-180 TPD
 Garden waste generation – 50-60 TPD
 Biomedical waste – 5-6 TPD

Initiatives in the collection and processing of the different waste streams -

Biomedical Waste:

 PMC has outsourced collection, transportation and disposal ofbiomedical waste from
various health care establishments.
 5 ton capacity being augmented upto 10 tonnes
 The biomedical waste is collected through 7 vehicles with GPRS tracking systems from
400 collection points across the city
 The waste is collected in 3 colour coded bags – yellow (for incineration), red(shredding
or recycling or landfill) and white (sharp and glass material that is chemically treated and
sent to hazardous treatment plant located at Ranjangaon)
 PMC proposes an on call service by two wheelers from small clinics and hospitals with
less than ten beds and OPDs

Construction and Demolition Waste:

PMC generates approximately 250 MT per day of C&D waste from various sources. To address
the C&D waste,

 PMC has prepared a DPR to understand quantity, quality and sources of C&D waste
 Consultation with various stakeholders and understanding their concerns
 Developed separate tenders for collection and transportation as also for processing and
disposal of C&D waste
 District administration has already allocated 2 acres of land at Wagholi for C&D waste
processing.

25 | P a g e
E-Waste Collection:

Pune region, which includes Pune city, Pimpri Chinchwad, the cantonment areas around Pune
and the IT belt in Hinjewadi, generates around 10,000 MT per annum.

PMC has undertaken the following activities to tackle the situation -

 Formation of core committee

 Review of activities according to work packages
 Conducted a study through their field staff to understand how scrap shops in the informal
economy deal with E waste
 Designed printed and distributed IEC material
 Various workshops organised for awareness of citizens, students and waste generators
 Tie up with formal recyclers
 E-waste collection drives, 'V collect',are organised by PMC
 An authorised E-waste collection centre at Kothrud is functional.

Sanitary Waste:

With growing awareness regarding hygiene and the availability of sanitary napkins and diapers,
their use has increased and so has the problem of their scientific disposal. PMC encouraged
SWaCH to make paper bags for the said purpose and promoted their usage. Also, a system for
scientific disposal of the same was put in place.

 3 locations across the city

 600 to 900 pieces of sanitary napkins per day are scientifically disposed at each location
 A system for collection, transportation and disposal is especially developed for the same
and areas of focus are working women's hostel, red light areas, and girls' hostels and big
residential societies.
 Proposed extension of these services to 15 more locations across the city

Garden Waste:

Pune city has a 28 percent green cover. Therefore, the city generates 60 to 70 MT of garden
waste daily. A separate collection system is in place for collecting the waste, shredding it and
transporting it to a centralised processing system.

Waste Processing Plants:

Organic/Wet Waste Processing Plants -

 Noble Exchange Evt Sol. 300 TPD; BioCNG. at Baner and Talegaon
 Ajinkya Biofert & Disha Waste Management 300 TPD

26 | P a g e
Vermi compost and compost at Hadapsar Ramp & Ram Tekdi Industrial Estate -

 Mechanical compost, Thermal compost & Microorganism 50-100TPD.

Vermi compost and compost at 13 decentralized plants -

 Biomethanation 120 TPD; Electricity and Compost at 25 Decentralized Plants

Dry Segregated waste processing plant -

 Rochem Separation Systems 300-350TPD; RDF at Ram Tekdi Hadapsar

Plastic Waste:

Plastic products have become an integral part of our daily life encouraging its production. 70%
of this production is converted to waste. To address this problem and make Pune a plastic waste
free city or zero plastic waste i.e. no plastic to land. PMC has undertaken -

 Preparation of a Plastic Waste Management Plan for the city in keeping with Plastic
Waste Management Rules 2016 based on the principle of 'Extended Producers
Responsibility'
 Conducted Consultative workshops with Stakeholders
 200 material recovery centres, to Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover 170 to 180 MT of
plastic waste it generates per day
 PET bottle crushing machines at 20 locations with high pedestrian footfalls
 Toll free number 1800233 3232 where citizens can call and inform regarding the
recyclable waste

Method of collection/treatment/disposal

Waste is collected by various agents through primary and secondary means. Municipal Solid
Waste is largely collected through a door to door service making up 43% of the total collection,
through the Solid Waste Collection and Handling (SWaCH), a social and civic cooperative
involving informal workers. Secondly, accounting for 12% of primary collection, tipper trucks
commonly known as “ghantagadi” translated as “hourly trucks” or “bell ringing vehicles” collect
recyclable and nonbiodegradable waste from gates of buildings according to programmed routes
through prabhags. Inner city areas that are not accessible to trucks are provided with pushcart
services. The waste is then transferred to a station within each ward. Waste from hotels is
collected by a specific collection of trucks. 40% of primary collections are from community bins
made by Dumper Placer trucks which also transfer the waste to the transfer station. Waste
dumped along streets and roads are also collected by P.M.C to be taken to the stations, making
up 5% of primary collections.

27 | P a g e
P.M.C has outlined a uniform user fee for door to door collections that was enforced in 2017.
Costs incurred for management and equipment procurement and maintenance are maintained by
P.M.C.

There are currently 7 transfer stations and 50 processing plants which include centralized (7) and
decentralized biogas (25), decentralized bio-digesters (14), mechanical composting facilities (4)
which process 30% of waste.[20] 10% of waste collected is diverted by SWaCH. 60% of the
remaining is sent to the Urali Devachi landfill, 25 km. away from the city. The landfill site is
made up of 43 ha out of which 15 ha is at full capacity and has been permanently sealed off.
Waste disposed at the landfill consists of both biodegradable and non-biodegradable matter. It
has been estimated that the cost of collection, transportation and disposal of waste is 83.60 crore
28 | P a g e
rupees (or 11.8 million USD) per annum. Unprocessed waste (36% of total waste) is directly sent
to landfill.

Collection Mode Strength in nos. % of waste collected

SWaCH 2688 43
Community Bins 936 40
Tipper Trucks 160 12
Hotel Trucks 23
Tractors 10
Dumper Placers 85 5
BRC 59
Other 88
Table 1: Collection Power in Pune

Processing Methods % of total waste processing

Processed in situ 7.5
Diverted to farmers 7
Diverted to recycling 10
Sent to Landfill 60
Table 2: Processing Methods in Pune

Type TPD
Landfill 500
Composting plants 300
Biogas plants 100
Community 350
Recycling 200
Table 3: Processing Capacity in TPD

Waste to be Installed Actual Gaps

processed Capacity Processing
Capacity
Total Waste 1678 1291 733 945
generated
Wet Waste 537 441 333 204
Mixed 1007 850 400 607
waste/Dry waste
Table 4: Processing Capacity Gap

29 | P a g e
 Table 5: Installed Capacity v Processing Capacity Graph

Table 6: Process Flowchart

30 | P a g e
3.4 Urban Transport
Pune's public transport consists primarily of a bus service, a suburban rail service, public taxis,
and auto-rickshaws. Metro is under construction as of 2019.

Public Buses

 Public buses within the city and its suburbs are operated by the Pune Mahanagar
Parivahan Mahamandal Limited (PMPML).
 The PMPML operates the Rainbow Bus Rapid Transit System, the first in India, in which
dedicated bus lanes exist to allow buses to travel quicker through the city.
 Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC) runs buses, popularly known
as ST (State Transport), from its three main bus stations in Shivajinagar, Pune Station,
and Swargate to all major cities and towns in Maharashtra and neighboring states.
 Private companies too run buses to major cities throughout India.
Pune Suburban Railway

 Pune Suburban Railway is a suburban rail system connecting Pune to its suburbs and
neighboring villages in Pune District, Maharashtra.
 It is operated by Central Railway.
 Pune's suburban railway operates on two routes, i.e. from Pune Junction to Lonavla and
its part, from Pune Junction to Talegaon.
 5 trains operate on Pune Junction - Talegaon route while 18 trains operate on Pune
Junction - Lonavla route.

Pune Metro

 Pune Metro is currently under construction rapid transit system to serve the cities of Pune
and Pimpri-Chinchwad.
 As of March 2018, Line 1 (Pimpri-Chinchwad - Swargate) and Line 2 (Vanaz - Ram
wadi) with a combined length of 31.25 km are being constructed by Maharashtra Metro
Rail Corporation Limited (MahaMetro); a 50:50 joint venture between State and Central
Government.
 MahaMetro expects these two lines to be operational by 2021.
 Line 3, which will cover 23.3 km between Hinjewadi and Shivajinagar, has been
approved by the State and Central Governments.
 The Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority (PMRDA) will implement the
project on a public-private partnership (PPP) basis, for which it has shortlisted three
companies: Tata Realty and Siemens, IRB in consortium with Chinese and Malaysian
companies, and IL&FS.
 All three lines will align at the Civil Court interchange station.

31 | P a g e
Challenges

 A comparison of data presented in the Pune Municipal Corporation’s (PMC)

Environment Status Report (ESR) since 1997-98 has shown an almost 10-fold growth
(895%) in the number of four-wheelers, five-fold growth in the number of two-wheelers
(400%) and just 2.6-fold growth (162%) in the civic bus fleet.
 The explosive growth in vehicular population coupled with a rickety public transport in
the form of the Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd (PMPML) has meant acute
traffic congestion, increase in commuting time, rise in the number of road accidents and
extreme stress during peak hours.
 The existing fleet of 2,097 buses (including 697 buses on contract) with frequent
breakdowns is short by at least 1,000 buses.
 The heavy dependence of the residents on personalized transport stands reflected in
Pune’s poor ranking in the ‘clean urban mobility’ index of the Centre for Science and
Environment (CSE).
 In its recent report on ‘high emission and energy use’ in urban mobility, the CSE ranked
Pune in the bottom half of cities with ‘clean urban mobility’.
 Although Pune was the first city in the country to introduce the BRT on a pilot basis;
poor execution meant that the service never took off in the real sense. BRT routes and
expansion are now sought to be compromised by civic planners to give priority to the
Pune Metro project, which is expected to begin operations only in 2021.

32 | P a g e
 Section 4: Urban Poverty

4.1 Status
A simple and popular way to define poverty is to use monetary indicators and proxies linked to
estimates of income and consumption. The value of a basket of goods essential for daily living
can be used as a monetary indicator. The ‘poor’ can be defined as those who do not earn enough
to purchase the basket, or whose expenditure is less than the value of the basket. The percentage
of people who cannot afford the basket of basic goods is called the ‘poverty rate’ of a given
population.

Accordingly, in India, the formal ‘headcount’ of the poor uses the average, minimum daily
calorie requirements per person, estimated in 1979 by a government-appointed taskforce as 2,400
calories in rural and 2,100 calories in urban India. The monetary equivalent of these
requirements, or the poverty line, is based on the 28th Round of the National Sample Survey
(NSS) for 1973-74. It was found that, on average, at 1973-74 prices, consumer expenditure of Rs
49 per capita per month was associated with an intake of 2,400 calories per day in rural areas and
Rs 57 per capita per month with an intake of 2,100 calories per day in urban areas.

In the Urban context, Poor people mostly live in slums but all people living in slums are not
necessarily poor; many slum-dwellers own assets like TV sets and motorcycles, which are not
generally associated with the notion of poverty.

A more useful definition of a slum can be obtained from the Maharashtra Slum Areas
(Improvement, Clearance, and Redevelopment) Act, 1971, which states that a “slum area” is one
that “is or maybe a source of danger to the health, safety or convenience of the public of that area
or its neighborhood, because of the area having inadequate or no basic amenities, or being
unsanitary, squalid, overcrowded or otherwise”; and one in which buildings used for human
habitation are “unfit” for this purpose, on account of dilapidation, overcrowding, “faulty
arrangement and design of such building”, lack of ventilation, light or sanitation facilities, or any
combination of these factors, which is “detrimental to the health, safety or convenience of the
public of that area”.
The UN-Habitat defined a slum as a contiguous settlement where inhabitants have inadequate
housing and basic services. Characteristic features of slums are:

 Inadequate access to safe water.

 Inadequate access to sanitation and infrastructure.
 The poor structural quality of housing.
 Insecure residential status.

Using these definitions, particularly the last, one can calculate the number of slums in the city
and the number of households and persons living in slums. However, in the case of Pune, and
33 | P a g e
probably all other Indian cities, we have no up-to-date and reliable data on slums or slum
populations. What we have is different sets of questionable data:

 According to Census 2001, Pune had a slum population of 0.49 million people,
constituting 19.39% of the total population (2.53 million). Enumeration of slum
population was limited to slums having a population of at least 300 persons living in
“poorly built, congested tenements”, and as such the data does not give us a total slum
population.
 Using unspecified internal sources of data, the PMC has been routinely saying that
around 40% of the population of the city lives in slums. For example, without giving any
source of data, the PMC’s revised City Development Plan (CDP) for JNNURM funding
(May 2012) stated that the city’s slum population in 2001 was 1.1-1.2 million, or more
than twice the Census 2001 figure, and using that figure, the CDP estimated that the
city’s slum population was “approximately 40%” of the total population in 2012. The
CDP stated that there were 564 slums in the city, of which 353 were notified, and the
remaining 211 were not. However, this data is also suspect as according to the PMC’s
draft Development Plan (DP) for 2007-27, this was the number of notified and non-
notified slums in 2009—there would surely have been an increase in the number of non-
notified slums since that year (the PMC stopped notifying slums in 2001).

With income as the only indicator, an absurd 5% of Pune’s population would be classified as
poor. But the Pune Municipal Corporation itself accepts that 40% of the city lives in
multidimensional poverty, suffering residential, occupational, and social vulnerabilities. While
Pune’s poor have relatively higher levels of access to public services than the poor in other cities,
a closer look reveals the extent of their vulnerability.

4.2 Initiatives Taken

The Government of Maharashtra brought an amendment to the Maharashtra Regional and Town
Planning Act 56 and introduced a nodal agency, Slum Rehabilitation Authority (SRA). SRA
brought forth a Slum Rehabilitation Program that analyses existing positions of slum areas in a
city. After examining, the committee devises plan for the rehabilitation of these identified slum
areas and ensures that the slum rehabilitation scheme planned is executed the best of SRA's
abilities. The SRA committee in India enables property developers to rehabilitate slum-dwellers
in-situ and compensates the landowner and developer by awarding them with Transferable
Development Rights (TDR).
Slums in Mumbai & Pune are given to private developers under a Public Private Partnership for
redevelopment by the Slum Rehabilitation Authority for redevelopment purposes.

34 | P a g e
 Section 5: Smart City Mission

5.1 Projects Identified

A smart city is an urban region that is highly advanced in terms of overall infrastructure,
sustainable real estate, communications and market viability. It’s a city where information
technology is the principal infrastructure and the basis for providing essential services to
residents. It is an urban development vision to integrate information and communication
technology (ICT) and internet of things (IoT) technology in a secure fashion to manage a city’s
assets

Adequate
water
supply
Safety and Assured
security of electricity
citizens supply

Sanitation,
including
Sustainable
solid waste
environment
manageme
nt

Efficient
e-Governance urban
and citizen mobility
participation and public
transport

Robust IT Affordable
connectivity housing,
and especially
digitalization for the poor

The core infrastructure elements in a smart city

35 | P a g e
 Projects Identified

5.2 Sources of funding

Funding Roadmap
INR 2500+ Cr/Yr
(Capex+Opex)

Government
Own Funds Debt & PPP
Missions
(1250-1450 Cr/Yr) (1000-1200 Cr/Yr)
(500-700 Cr/Yr)

36 | P a g e
5.3 Status of Implementation

Smart city lighting

 Replacement of 77800 conventional street light (HPSV, HPMV, T-5, Flood Lights) to
Energy Efficient LED Lights & Existing Manual based Feeder Panels to SCADA based
Energy Monitor and Control Panels.
 Status: Already 57000 LED Lights being installed along with more than 300 SCADA
based Panels.

E-buses
 To include alternate fuel technology buses in the fleet of PMPML with an objective
towards improving air quality in the long run and reduce dependency on liquid fuel
consumption to the extent possible.
 Status: The project is under concept development stage.

Airport express service

 To improve the connectivity of public transport service and reach of Airport Express Bus
Service to citizens of Pune. Connect the Pune Airport with multiple destinations thereby
providing an alternate mode of transport to airport passengers.
 Status: The project is under concept development stage.

Asset management system for road network in Pune city

 A technical cum operational method for managing, directing and controlling road
maintenance resources, in a scientific manner, for optimum benefits to the city. Target
road network length is ~2000 km. There will be two main phases in project
implementation.
 Status: Data collection parameters are finalized.60% road maintenance historic data has
been collected from different ward office of Pune city to feed into the software.

Build city attractiveness further through iconic riverfront development

 Leveraging on Pune’s strength of multiple riverfronts, PMC will endeavour to fully clean
the rivers and develop them as attractive recreational destinations. This could be a strong
distinguishing factor vis-à-vis other city. The National River Conservation Fund to the
tune of 900 Cr has been approved by the Govt of India for river cleaning, while the
contract for consultancy for the riverfront development has been issued to HCP
consultants to create a detailed master plan (which drove Sabarmati riverfront
development).

 Status: Pune engaged citizens in what is perhaps one of the largest envisioning exercises
in the history of Indian cities. The entire administrative machinery along with an
ecosystem of the media, NGOs and private companies reached out to over 4 lakh
37 | P a g e
 households, i.e., about 50 percent of Pune’s total households. This was done in a true
pan-city manner, covering all 15 wards across the city in a door-to-door campaign by
“smart volunteers”. The smart volunteers were supported by a team of 400 members
across the public and private sectors. More than 35 lakh inputs were received from the
citizens across the city. In addition, exclusive website was set up, where the entire citizen
engagement strategy and interactive forms were created, to get citizen inputs on vision
and goals.

5.4 Challenges & Measures being taken

Fixing core urban infrastructure and making it “future-proof”

Based on econometric analysis and financial modelling, PMC will require around 2500 cr per
year (capex + opex) up to 2030 to completely overhaul and fix its infrastructure (Note: this is
assuming that PMC contributes 10% for metro, 60% for additional buses and nothing on ring
roads, with funds coming from other sources for the balance).

Besides a long-term fix, the city would also like to move quickly in the next five years and fix
infrastructure as much as possible, with all “less is more” (e.g. junction/ street design) and ICT
solutions implemented along with significant progress in BRT (70 km in 5 years), ring road (2
done in 5 years) and metro (phase 1 – 31 km done in 5 years). A comprehensive framework has
been drawn for the core sectors, e.g., mobility and water. Pune will also need to fix the housing
challenge with 20,000 cr required for affordable and mass housing in the next 5 years (5000 cr
for slums).

Leveraging multiple sources of funds to fulfil long-term infrastructure demand

Funding INR 2,500 cr of opex + capex every year for next 15 years will require multiple sources,
e.g., government missions, own funds, debt and public–private partnership (PPP). PMC has
created a detailed roadmap consisting of current capex plan (1400 cr per year), land monetization
(1250-1450 cr per year), other government missions (500-700 cr per year), debt and PPP (1000-
1200 cr per year). PMC has drawn a detailed plan to monetize its own land every year.

Transforming Pune into the most livable city in India

In addition to fixing infrastructure, Pune will also upgrade its neighbourhoods to world-class
liveability standards in a phased manner, starting with the local area development pilot. This
would be a holistic transformation of neighbourhoods across core infrastructure, social
infrastructure (e.g., schools, healthcare), liveability parameters (e.g., open spaces, pollution
control, recreation options), resource productivity, e.g., (ICT solutions), sustainability (e.g.,
recycling, energy efficiency), and neighbourhood governance through a suite of citizen and
business interfacing solutions.A detailed roadmap has been created in the proposal for the local
area selected, which will be replicated across Pune. This would require funds of INR 1,500 cr to
2,000 cr per neighborhood.
38 | P a g e
 Section 6: Conclusion

Once known as a haven for retirees, the city has fast metamorphosed into a bustling centre for
manufacturing, IT services and education, expanding in all directions and kindling aspirations for
urbanization in the villages dotting the city. Growth has outpaced planning, like most other cities
in Maharashtra, and all the state government and local authorities have been able to do is
struggle to play catch-up.
The period since 1995 saw a growth spurt in the city, and planning severely lagged behind
during those 15-20 years. In our systems, the pace of planning is through a longish route. By the
time a government finalizes a plan, the area for which it is planning is already half developed and
haphazardly so. Then, it becomes all about regularizing than planning green-field.
As per documents maintained by the University of Pune, the Pune urban area grew 130 times
from 5 square kilometres in 1817 to 669.30 square kilometres in 1997. In 1997, the state
government merged 38 villages on the fringes of Pune such as Kothrud, Warje, Baner, Wadgaon,
Bavdhan, Balewadi and so on with the city. In 2001, 15 of these villages were dropped after
severe opposition from locals, reducing the number of new villages included in the city to 23. In
October 2017, 11 more villages were merged with the city. The Pune Municipal Corporation
submitted a development plan for the 23 merged villages only in 2005, eight years after the
decision, and the state government took seven more years to finally approve it in 2012. By then,
most of these villages had already urbanised in an unplanned, dowdy manner, with rampant
encroachments and illegal constructions.

Major Problems
• Rise in private vehicles leading to massive congestions

• Deforestation , drop in air quality, river pollution

• As of 2009, Pune has around 40.56% of its population, which is around 12 lakh persons
living in slums. This is a tremendous increase from 1951, wherein 8% of the total
population lived in slums.

• Unplanned growth resulting in lack of open spaces

• Concentrated urban growth in popular areas like Balewadi, Kharadi

• Inequality in water distribution

• Gaps in primary collection and secondary collection of waste

• Increasing Rural Migration

• Worst rating in the category of mixed land use and compactness

• Safety and Security second bad rating

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Recommendations
To increase the public transport:

 Higher parking fees on street and parking areas. Amount to be paid by car owners on
time basis.
 To reduce the land use and to control the density, PMC emphasized the idea of
neighbourhood unit so it must be strictly regulated to provide residential area with all
kinds of public service facilities. For example- office building mixed with shopping
centre.
 Integration of public transport with land use. Transit oriented development planning
could be helpful to reduce the dependence on private transport.
To overcome the water issues

 Strengthen the water department in PMC

 Reduce losses and usage
 Implementing the proposed schemes
 District level metering of connections
 Regulate illegal connections
 Outsourcing specialized activities
 Replacing old pipes

To discourage cluster development

 Focus on under developed areas
 Making the city Compact

Sustainable land management combining technologies, policies, and activities aimed at

integrating socioeconomic principles with environmental concerns, so as to simultaneously
 Maintain and enhance production (productivity)
 Reduce the level of production risk, and enhance soil capacity to buffer against
degradation processes (stability/resilience)
 Protect the potential of natural resources and prevent degradation of soil and water
quality (protection)
 Be economically viable (viability)
 Be socially acceptable, and assure access to the benefits from improved land management
(acceptability/equity)

Thus, with a population over 5 million in 2011 in the Pune Urban Agglomeration and over 4
million in Pune City, the Indian IT hub has been growing at a rapid rate. The city remains a key
to the development of Maharashtra State and the country as a whole in terms of GDP. The
management of key urban infrastructure issues is important in further growth of the city and its
stakeholders.

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Sources
1. Explore Pune. (2018). Pune Smart City Development Corporation. Retrieved April 1, 2019,
from https://punesmartcity.in - economic profile
2. http://urk.tiss.edu/attachments/article/19/Pune%20JNNURM%20case%20study%20Final.pd
f
3. https://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/359-
pune.html#:~:text=The%20total%20Pune%20district%20population,871%20girls%20per%2
01000%20boys. - pune statistical data.
4. https://pune.gov.in/about-pune/ - geographic profile of Pune
5. https://www.punediary.com/html/todays.html - geographic details of Pune
6. https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/a-brief-history-of-pune-indias-ninth-most-
populated-city/ - historical background of Pune
7. https://www.maharashtra.gov.in/Site/upload/WhatsNew/ESM_2019_20_Eng_Book.pdf - a
report on economic survey of Maharashtra 2019-2020 - employment rate in Pune.
8. https://medium.com/@realtynewsIndia/top-3-sectors-in-pune-that-offer-employment-
opportunities-318dfb76cdc3
9. https://www.ibef.org/download/Maharashtra-October-2018.pdf
10. http://smartcities.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Maharashtra_Pune.pdf
11. https://pmc.gov.in/mr/budget-0
12. https://www.pmc.gov.in/sites/default/files/water-budget.pdf
13. https://www.pmc.gov.in/sites/default/files/reports_dpr/DPR_presentation_R13_080514.pdf
14. https://www.pmc.gov.in/sites/default/files/reports_dpr/WaterSupplySystemForPuneCity-
DPR_Final_R2_14-02-14_0.pdf
15. https://www.pmc.gov.in/sites/default/files/miscellaneous/SWM_Plan_2025_2017-PMC.pdf
16. https://www.pmc.gov.in/sites/default/files/project-glimpses/STPs_of_Pune_0.pdf
17. Multidimensional Poverty in Pune. (2015, April). Retrieved from
https://udayindia.in/2015/04/04/multidimensional-poverty-in-pune/
18. Slums in Pune. Retrieved from https://www.pmc.gov.in/en/total-slums
19. Slum Rehabilitation Program. Retrieved from https://naiknavare.com/slum-rehabilitation-
projects-in-mumbai-pune
20. Transport in Pune. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Pune
21. Pune, India’s ‘best’ city, has worst public transport. Retrieved from
https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/pune-india-s-best-city-has-worst-public-
transport/story-kYAJcFddIXYzsToKAiq4fM.html
22. http://smartcities.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/What%20is%20Smart%20City.pdf

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