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Introduction to DBMS and RDBMS

This document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS) and relational database models. It discusses how DBMS software manages databases to store and retrieve data more efficiently compared to traditional file-based systems. The key aspects covered include: - A DBMS acts as an interface between application programs and data, separating logical and physical views. - A database system consists of the database (collection of integrated data) and the DBMS (software to manage the database). - The relational model stores data in tables and defines relationships between tables using primary and foreign keys. - Benefits of relational databases include reducing data redundancy, enforcing data integrity, and providing tools for database management.

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Waqar Ahmad
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69 views13 pages

Introduction to DBMS and RDBMS

This document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS) and relational database models. It discusses how DBMS software manages databases to store and retrieve data more efficiently compared to traditional file-based systems. The key aspects covered include: - A DBMS acts as an interface between application programs and data, separating logical and physical views. - A database system consists of the database (collection of integrated data) and the DBMS (software to manage the database). - The relational model stores data in tables and defines relationships between tables using primary and foreign keys. - Benefits of relational databases include reducing data redundancy, enforcing data integrity, and providing tools for database management.

Uploaded by

Waqar Ahmad
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© © All Rights Reserved
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DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

TRADITIONAL FILE-BASED
SYSTEMS
 A collection of application programs that perform services
for the end-users such as the production of reports. Each
program defines and manages its own data.

Figure 7-3
2
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(DBMS)
• Software for creating and maintaining databases

• Permits firms to rationally manage data for the entire firm

• Acts as interface between application programs and physical data


files

• Separates logical and design views of data

• Solves many problems of the traditional data file approach

3
WHAT IS A DATABASE SYSTEM?

Database System = Database + DBMS

 A Database is
 A large, integrated collection of data
 Models a real-world enterprise.
 Entities (e.g., students, courses)
 Relationships (e.g., Khan takes CS123)

 A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software package


designed to store and manage databases easily and efficiently.

4
DATABASE MODEL
DATA MODELS

Hierarchical structure
 Records are arranged in multilevel with one root and any number of
subordinate levels. Thus all relationships are one-to- many.

Network structure
 Data can be accessed through many paths.

Relational structure
 Data stored in the database in viewed the form of simple tables.

6
7
RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL
(RDBMS)

 Stores both
 Data about real
world objects
(entities) in tables
 Relationships
between the tables
RELATIONAL DATABASE

 Fields (columns) in the


table store attributes.
 Each attribute has a specific
domain.
 Tuples (or records or rows)
in the table store
information.
 Each tuple is a unique instance
of an object.
 Tables are composed of a
set of tuples.
 A table is also called a relation.
TERMS

 Table
 A collection of relevant data relating to one type of real world objects.
 Column
 A specific place for one type of data relating to one type of real world
objects.
 Domain
 Set of all possible values for a specific column.
 Row
 Collection of data describing one real world object.
 Primary Key
 Columns, which are part of the row and uniquely identify any one row.
 Foreign Key
 A foreign key is generally a primary key from one table that appears as a
field in another where the first table has a relationship to the second
10
RELATING TABLES
Primary key Foreign key Primary key

Student
Class
ID Last First Grade Class
1 Wood Bob C IST357 Name #Stud Instructor
IST357 48 Jones
2 Kent Chuck B IST115
IST115 120 Brower
3 Smith Jane A IST357
IST20 120 Mennis
4 Boone Dan B IST357

11
ADVANTAGES OF RDBMS

 Eliminate unnecessary duplication of data


 Enforce data integrity through constraints
 Changes to conceptual schema need not affect
external schema
 Changes to internal schema need not affect the
conceptual schema
 Many tools are available to manage the database

12
DBMS IN PERSPECTIVE

 DBMS Advantages
 Reduce data redundancy.
 Achieve data independence.
 Retrieve data and information rapidly.
 Improve security.
 DBMS Disadvantages
 Obtain expensive software.
 Obtain a large hardware configuration.
 Hire and maintain a DBA staff.

13

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