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RS - Lecture 4

This document outlines topics to be covered in a lecture on reservoir simulation, including end-point scaling of relative permeability, pseudo-capillary pressure, and pseudo-relative permeability. Examples are provided for calculating normalized water saturation, capillary pressure values using fluid densities, and determining relative permeabilities for layered reservoir systems at different saturation levels.

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Omer Ikhlas
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98 views19 pages

RS - Lecture 4

This document outlines topics to be covered in a lecture on reservoir simulation, including end-point scaling of relative permeability, pseudo-capillary pressure, and pseudo-relative permeability. Examples are provided for calculating normalized water saturation, capillary pressure values using fluid densities, and determining relative permeabilities for layered reservoir systems at different saturation levels.

Uploaded by

Omer Ikhlas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reservoir Simulation

Lecture 4: Reservoir Simulator

Haval Hawez
Petroleum Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Koya University

01.11.2018
Outline:

• End-point scaling of Relative Permeability

• Pseudo-capillary Pressure

• Pseudo-Relative Permeability

2
End-point Scaling of RP

Normalize Water Saturation


Used to adjust the end-point saturation values to
adjust the oil water data

𝑆𝑤 −𝑆𝑤𝑐
𝑆 ∗𝑤 = (1)
1−𝑆𝑤𝑐 −𝑆𝑜𝑟

3
End-point Scaling of RP

Example: calculate the appropriate water saturation


values to scale the giving water-oil relative permeability
for the giving below data to the following end-point
values. Swc=0.15 Sor=0.4

4
End-point Scaling of RP

Solution: using equation (1), to calculate normalized 𝑆 ∗𝑤

∗
𝑆𝑤 − 𝑆𝑤𝑐 𝑆𝑤 − 0.104
𝑆 𝑤 = =
1 − 𝑆𝑤𝑐 − 𝑆𝑜𝑟 1 − 0.104 − 0.43

5
End-point Scaling of RP

Using the new end-points, recalculate the new Sw values using:

6
Pseudo-capillary Pressure

Pseudo-capillary Pressure

∆𝜌 𝐻
𝑃𝑐 = (2)
144
Example 1:
For the following water saturation data and for a
reservoir having a water with density of 67 Ib/ft3 and an
oil density of 50 Ib/ft3. Calculate the associated capillary
pressure.

7
Pseudo-capillary Pressure

8
Pseudo-capillary Pressure

Example 2:
For reservoir including oil having a density of 50Ib/ft3
and gas density of 9 𝑙𝑏 𝑓𝑡 3 . Calculate the following
capillary pressure points in the below sketch. Swc = 20%

9
Pseudo-capillary Pressure
Solution:
1. For the bottom layer, being all liquid (Oil & Water).
𝑃𝑐𝑔𝑜 = 0

2. For the middle layer, since Swc = 0.2

∆𝜌 𝐻 50 − 9 10
𝑃𝑐𝑔𝑜 = = = 2.85 psi @ Sg = 0.4
144 144
3. For the above layer, consisting of gas and water.

∆𝜌 𝐻 50 − 9 20
𝑃𝑐𝑔𝑜 = = = 5.70 psi @ Sg = 0.8
144 144
10
Pseudo-capillary Pressure

Example 3:
Calculate the gas-oil capillary pressure as a function of
either gas or liquid saturation for a reservoir having the
following data:
• API=45.1◦ gas gravity=0.65 Bo=1.18 RVB/STB
• Bg=2.5 RVB/MCF
• Rs= 480 SCF/STB Swc=0.25

11
Pseudo-Relative Permeability

12
Pseudo-Relative Permeability
Example1: Calculate the oil-water relative permeability
for a stratified reservoir having the following data.

Swc=0.2 Sor=0.25 Krow=0.85 Krw=0.4

13
Pseudo-Relative Permeability
Solution: Reorder the layers for permeability

• No layer flooded:
Swc=0.2 Krw=0 Krow=0.85
14
Pseudo-Relative Permeability
• Layer 5 flooded

15
Pseudo-Relative Permeability
• Layer 5 & 3 flooded

16
Pseudo-Relative Permeability
• Layer 5,3 & 1 flooded

17
Pseudo-Relative Permeability
• Layer 5,3,1 & 4 flooded

18
Pseudo-Relative Permeability
• All layers flooded

Sw = 1-Sor = 1-0.25 = 0.75

Krw = 0.40 @ Sw = 0.75

Krow = 0 @ Sw = 0.75

19

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