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Moment of Inertia1 PDF

The document defines moment of inertia as the product of the elemental area and the square of the perpendicular distance from the axis of reference to the centroid of the area. It discusses calculating the moment of inertia about x and y axes (Ixx and Iyy) using integrals. It also introduces the polar moment of inertia (Izz or J), calculated as the sum of Ixx and Iyy. The parallel axes theorem and radius of gyration are defined. Several examples of calculating the moment of inertia for simple shapes like rectangles and semicircles are provided.

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124 views26 pages

Moment of Inertia1 PDF

The document defines moment of inertia as the product of the elemental area and the square of the perpendicular distance from the axis of reference to the centroid of the area. It discusses calculating the moment of inertia about x and y axes (Ixx and Iyy) using integrals. It also introduces the polar moment of inertia (Izz or J), calculated as the sum of Ixx and Iyy. The parallel axes theorem and radius of gyration are defined. Several examples of calculating the moment of inertia for simple shapes like rectangles and semicircles are provided.

Uploaded by

Aashish Bhandari
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MEC-107: Basic Engineering

Mechanics

Unit- 3
MOMENT OF INERTIA
MOMENT OF INERTIA

The product of the elemental area and square of the


perpendicular distance between the centroid of area and the
axis of reference is the “Moment of Inertia” about the
reference axis.
Ixx = ∫dA. y2 y
dA
Iyy = ∫dA. x 2
x

It is also called second moment of area


because first moment of elemental area is y
dA.y and dA.x; and if it is again
multiplied by the distance, we get second
moment of elemental area as (dA.y)y and x
(dA.x)x.
Polar Moment of Inertia
(Perpendicular Axes theorem)
• The moment of inertia of an area about an axis
perpendicular to the plane of the area is called ‘Polar
Moment of Inertia’,
• It is denoted by symbol Izz or J or Ip,
• The moment of inertia of an area in xy plane w.r.t z axis
is
Izz = Ip = J = ∫r2dA Y x
= ∫(x2 + y2) dA
= ∫x2dA + ∫y2dA r
= Ixx +Iyy y
O
z
x
Polar Moment of Inertia
(Perpendicular Axes theorem)
Parallel Axes Theorem
Parallel Axes Theorem

I x = ∫ y dA
2
I x = ∫ y dA = ∫ ( y ′ + d ) dA
2 2
A A A

Ix = ∫ ( y ) dA + 2d ∫ y dA + ∫ d dA
′ 2
′ 2
A A A

2
I x = I x + Ad
M.I. of Simple Shapes
M.I. of Simple Shapes
Radius of Gyration
• It is the perpendicular distance at which the whole
area may be assumed to be concentrated, yielding
the same second moment of the area about the axis
under consideration,
• It is denoted by K,
• It is given by I= AK2
• Therefore, K= (I/A)1/2
• Units – mm, m
Radius of Gyration
• Similarly,

ky = Iy A
kz = Iz A kz2 = kx2 + ky2
Numerical- 1
Numerical- 1
Numerical- 1
Numerical- 2
Numerical- 2
Numerical- 3
Numerical- 3
Numerical- 4

Semicircle Moment of
inertia
Ix (about Iy(about c.g)
c.g)

0.11R4 πR4/8
Numerical- 4
Numerical- 5
Numerical- 5
Moment of Inertia of a Mass
Moments of Inertia of Thin Plates

• For a thin plate of uniform thickness t and homogeneous


material of density ρ, the mass moment of inertia with
respect to axis AA’ contained in the plate is
I AA′ = ∫ r 2 dm = ρt ∫ r 2 dA
= ρ t I AA′,area

• Similarly, for perpendicular axis BB’ which is also


contained in the plate,
I BB′ = ρ t I BB′,area

• For the axis CC’ which is perpendicular to the plate,


I CC ′ = ρ t J C ,area = ρ t (I AA′,area + I BB′,area )
= I AA′ + I BB′
Moments of Inertia of Thin Plates
• For the principal centroidal axes on a rectangular plate,

I AA′ = ρ t I AA′,area = ρ t (121 a 3b) = 121 ma 2


I BB′ = ρ t I BB′,area = ρ t (12
1 ab 3 ) = 1 mb 2
12

I CC ′ = I AA′,mass + I BB′,mass = 12 1 m(a 2 + b 2 )


THANKS

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