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Creating and Working with tables - Part 3
The aim of this article is to create tblPerson and tblGender tables and establish
primary key and foreign key constraints. In SQL Server, tables can be created
graphically using SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) or using a query.
To create tblPerson table, graphically, using SQL Server Management Studio
1. Right click on Tables folder in Object explorer window
2. Select New Table
3. Fill Column Name, Data Type and Allow Nulls, as shown below and save the table
as tblPerson.
The following statement creates tblGender table, with ID and Gender columns. The
following statement creates tblGender table, with ID and Gender columns. ID column,
is the primary key column. The primary key is used to uniquely identify each row in
a table. Primary key does not allow nulls.
Create Table tblGender
(ID int Not Null Primary Key,
Gender nvarchar(50))
In tblPerson table, GenderID is the foreign key referencing ID column in tblGender
table. Foreign key references can be added graphically using SSMS or using a query.
To graphically add a foreign key reference
1. Right click tblPerson table and select Design
2. In the table design window, right click on GenderId column and select
Relationships
3. In the Foreign Key Relationships window, click Add button
4. Now expand, in Tables and Column Specification row, by clicking the, + sign
5. Click on the elipses button, that is present in Tables and Column Specification
row
6. From the Primary Key Table, dropdownlist, select tblGender
7. Click on the row below, and select ID column
8. From the column on the right hand side, select GenderId
9. Click OK and then click close.
10. Finally save the table.
To add a foreign key reference using a query
Alter table tblPerson
add constraint tblPerson_GenderId_FK FOREIGN KEY (GenderId) references
tblGender(ID)
The general formula is here
Alter table ForeignKeyTable add constraint ForeignKeyTable_ForiegnKeyColumn_FK
FOREIGN KEY (ForiegnKeyColumn) references PrimaryKeyTable (PrimaryKeyColumn)
Foreign keys are used to enforce database integrity. In layman's terms, A foreign
key in one table points to a primary key in another table. The foreign key
constraint prevents invalid data form being inserted into the foreign key column.
The values that you enter into the foreign key column, has to be one of the values
contained in the table it points to.
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27 comments:
NandaNovember 20, 2013 at 6:02 PM
Hi Venkat,
You did a great work. We can see n number of videos and articles of many technology
in internet .but many of them are scattered . You did it in a systematic way so
that people can find it easy and read and UNDERSTAND EASY. Well Done !.
Reply
MariaFebruary 7, 2014 at 4:19 AM
Hello Venkat,
I am an absolute beginner trying to learn SQL Server and together with the book I
bought your videos on you tube are a great assistance for me. Great work, very well
organized! Excellent! Thank you!
Reply
UnknownMay 1, 2014 at 11:15 AM
Hello Vankat,
Is it necessary that the foreign key must be the primary key of another table?Can
it be a Unique Key???
Reply
Replies
AbdulMay 13, 2014 at 12:34 AM
@sudarsan pradhan. foreign key always a primary key of any other table
KudosTechOctober 5, 2016 at 11:57 AM
foreign key is called as "foreign key" because it is the primary key in other table
Saudagar JadhavMay 17, 2017 at 3:28 AM
A foreign key must reference either a primary key or unique key column.
Also foreign key value must match an existing primary key value or unique key
value, or else be null.
PrashanthSeptember 27, 2017 at 10:06 AM
Not necessary it may be unique key also.
Reply
UnknownFebruary 27, 2015 at 4:12 AM
I heartally Thanks to you Sir .
You and your videos total change my life....
I got very good knowledge and confidence with this Blog and Videos.
God bless you.......
Reply
UnknownSeptember 13, 2015 at 9:38 PM
Hi Venkat,
Thanks for such a good video.
I have one question to ask,
I create a table in sql and execute it by mistake it goes in some other database
how can i fine in which database it goes?
like in this video you create table gender and it goes to master database here you
check Available Database option, in case you create table gender and it goes to
master database or some other database and you didn't check that time and close the
sql server and after few days when you check your database and didn't find the
table in database, now how you check in which database it goes.
you are going to check manually each database?
Thanks in advance.
Reply
Replies
NaveedJune 29, 2016 at 11:14 AM
It is not possible that a table can go any where, when some one create any table
then every one first of all check that where i am creating the table, if he does
not do that then he must check all the databases one by one, because there is no
other alternative solution for that
PrashanthSeptember 27, 2017 at 10:19 AM
create table #t (
DBName sysname not null
)
go
exec sp_MSforeachdb 'use [?]; if OBJECT_ID(''dbo.mytable'') is not null insert into
#t (DBName) select ''?'''
go
select * from #t
go
drop table #t
It returns Database names, where mytable contains in it.
Reply
AnonymousApril 21, 2016 at 3:49 AM
you did great job. It is simple, people can understand easily, not complicated.
Reply
UnknownDecember 27, 2016 at 3:34 PM
hi venkat,
you are a GEM,I am currently a Voice engineer but Now i want to learn a new
technology and hence i started following you . I have just begun watching your .net
videos .
your videos are so easy to understand ,the least that it can do is get a job to
someone who wants to achieve their goals and behind their success is your utmost
generosity of sharing these knowledgeable videos of yours.
thanks for sharing this.
Minhaj
Reply
UnknownJanuary 23, 2017 at 9:47 AM
Thank you so much for sharing all the knowledge and information. Did you publish a
book I can buy?
Reply
AnonymousFebruary 6, 2017 at 8:26 AM
I want to develop app using .net please prepare videos there is software name
xamrain through which we can develop app
Reply
AnonymousFebruary 7, 2017 at 12:48 AM
Really it is a great work.. Fully Organized.. Getting more opportunity after
studying through this video.. Very Simple and Clear Explanation.. No One can be a
better alternative for learning other than these videos
Reply
AnonymousMarch 23, 2017 at 1:29 AM
Hi Venkat,
primary key does not allow any null values, if any column is defined as primary key
column then there is no need to define primary key on it, then why you have used
not null in the create table statement?
Create Table tblGender
(ID int Not Null Primary Key,
Gender nvarchar(50))
Reply
UnknownApril 26, 2017 at 1:28 AM
it is optional
You can create a table with primary column automatically not null will be applied
on that column.
If you specify not null it will override primary key
Reply
UnknownJuly 21, 2017 at 7:15 AM
Thank you for sharing your knowledge and yes your way of explanation is superb.
Reply
UnknownOctober 15, 2017 at 8:14 AM
I recently started leaning SQL. By browsing youtube I found your video series. It
is really nicely done and easy to follow. You are a very good man to spend your
time and energy to create this wonderful video series.
Reply
cse cool stuffOctober 16, 2017 at 6:40 AM
thank you for your excellent explanation Mr.venkat
Reply
UnknownDecember 12, 2017 at 3:08 AM
I'm your biggest fan bro. You make all the concepts very clear and really love the
way you explain.
Reply
UnknownFebruary 1, 2018 at 1:47 AM
Thanks sir for all tutorial, you help lot to those who are come newly in some
technology. Please provide some tutorial on big data science.
Reply
UnknownMarch 27, 2018 at 1:49 PM
I want to explain why a foreign key might need to be null or might need to be
unique or not unique. First remember a Foreign key simply requires that the value
in that field must exist first in a different table (the parent table). That is all
an FK is by definition. Null by definition is not a value. Null means that we do
not yet know what the value is.
Let me give you a real life example. Suppose you have a database that stores sales
proposals. Suppose further that each proposal only has one sales person assigned
and one client. So your proposal table would have two foreign keys, one with the
client ID and one with the sales rep ID. However, at the time the record is
created, a sales rep is not always assigned (because no one is free to work on it
yet), so the client ID is filled in but the sales rep ID might be null. In other
words, usually you need the ability to have a null FK when you may not know its
value at the time the data is entered, but you do know other values in the table
that need to be entered. To allow nulls in an FK generally all you have to do is
allow nulls on the field that has the FK. The null value is separate from the idea
of it being an FK.
Reply
seetharamNovember 15, 2018 at 2:48 AM
plz upload EMI calculations in stored procedures.. with #temp table
Reply
RevathiJune 29, 2019 at 3:17 PM
Primary key column cannot store a null value. So I believe the not null constraint
is not required for the Primary key column.
I am refering to the following create statement in this video
Create Table tblGender
(ID int Not Null Primary Key,
Gender nvarchar(50))
Reply
TrinathDecember 26, 2019 at 2:18 AM
Hi Sir,
How many Primary keys and foreign keys per each table
Reply
It would be great if you can help share these free resources
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