INTRODUCTION
TO HOSPITALS
DR. MAHESWARI JAIKUMAR.
[email protected] ETYMOLOGY
• The English word “Hospital,"
originates from the Latin word
“Hospile”, also some view that it
comes from the French word
“Hospitale”.
• All these institutions are meant for
treating their clients, although the
style may be different.
• The term Hospital means an
establishment or temporary space
occupied by the sick or injured.
Hospital is an institution in which
sick or injured persons are treated.
CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITALS
• The most commonly accepted
criteria for classification of
modern hospitals are according
to :
1.Length of stay of patient.
2.Clinical basis.
3.Ownership / control basis.
4.Objectives.
5.Size.
6.Management.
7.System of medicine
SPECIALITY HOSPITALS
CENTRAL GOVT HOSPITALS
GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS
PRIVATE HOSPITALS
PUBLIC HOSPITALS
CORPORATE HOSPITALS
BASED ON SERVICE
LENGTH OF STAY
• A patient stays for a short time
in hospital for treatment of
disease that is acute in nature,
such as pneumonia, peptic ulcer,
etc.
• A patient may stay for a long term in
a hospital for treatment of diseases
that are chronic in nature such as
TB, Leprosy, Cancer etc.
• The hospitals according to long term
& short term are also known as
Chronic care hospitals & acute care
hospitals.
CLINICAL BASIS
• These are licensed hospitals &
are considered as general
hospitals, treat all kinds of
diseases, major focus on treating
condition such as heart diseases,
cancer etc.
OWNERSHIP / CONTROL
• On the basis of ownership /
control, hospitals can be divided
into four categories:
1. Public Hospitals.
2.Voluntary Hospitals.
3. Private/Charitable Hospitals/
Nursing Homes.
4. Corporate Hospitals
OBJECTIVES
• Teaching Cum Research Hospitals : It
is a hospital to which a college is
attached for medical/ nursing/
dental/ pharmacy education. The
main objective of these hospitals is
teaching based on research & the
provision of health care is
secondary. AIIMS, JIPMER
• General Hospitals : Are hospitals
that provide treatment for
common diseases &
conditions.The main objective of
these hospitals are to provide
medical care to the people, Eg:
PHC, Rural Taluk Hospitals
SPECIALIZED HOSPITALS
• SPECIALIZED HOSPITALS : Are
those that provide medical &
nursing care primarily for only on
discipline on a specific disease or
condition of one system such as
TB, ENT, Leprosy,STD, etc.
ISOLATION HOSPITALS
• ISOLATION HOSPITALS : Are
those hospitals in which the
persons suffering from infections
/ communicable diseases require
isolation. E.g. Epidemic disease
hospital, Bangalore.
SIZE
• Teaching Hospital 500 beds (to
be increased according to the
number of students).
• District Hospitals - 200 beds, (to
be increased up to 300 according
to the population).
• Taluka Hospital – 50 beds (May
raised depending upon
population to be served).
• Primary Health Centers -6 (may
be raised up to 10 )
MANAGEMENT
1. Union Government/Govt of
India : Railway hospitals, Defense
hospitals, etc.
2.State Govt Hospitals : Hospitals
administered by state/ Union
territory including police, prison,
irrigation department.
3.Local Bodies
Hospitals that are administered
by local bodies i.e. municipal
corporation, zila parishad,
panchayat, corporation
maternity hospitals.
4.Autonomous bodies
4.Autonomous bodies : Hospitals
that are established under
special act of parliament or state
legislation & funded by Central/
state Govt; AIIMS.
5.Private
All private hospitals that are
owned by an individual owner or
by private organization.
6.Voluntary agency
• All hospitals operated by a
voluntary body/ a
trust/charitable society etc. It
includes hospitals run by
missionary bodies & co
operations. E.g. CMC Vellore.
SYSTEM
• 1.Allopathic Hospitals.
• 2.Ayurvedic Hospitals.
• 3.Homeopathic Hospitals.
• 4.Unani Hospitals.
• 5.Hospitals of other systems of
medicine.
ALLOPATHIC HOSPITALS
HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL
UNANI HOSPITALS
FUNCTIONS OF A HOSPITAL
FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS OF HOSPITAL
1. Care of sick & injured.
2. Prevention of disease.
3. Promotion of health.
4. Diagnosis of treatment of
disease.
5. Scientific application of mental
hygiene & mental therapy.
6. Rehabilitation.
7. Medical Education.
8. Research.
1.CARE OF THE SICK & INJURED
• Hospital is a medical institution
where client suffering from some
disease/health problems is
getting treated & cared.
Comprehensive care is provided
to the sick/injured client by
health care team.
• Clients are treated according to
priority or needs. E.g. Emergency
care is provided to client with
heart attack than the client who
comes with a general illness.
2.PREVENTION OF DISEASE
• Prevention of disease is
accomplished by early screening
& detection of risk. Maintaining
aseptic technic, following the
principles of medical care can
prevent the occurrence of
certain complications.
3.PROMOTION OF HEALTH
• A client who is maintaining his
health can accomplish higher
level of health. In hospital
setting, various aspects of health
promotion are taken. E.g. health
education, supplementation, &
regular checkup.
4.DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT
OF DISEASE
• As soon the client approaches
the health care team, a complete
assessment is done. Afterward
medical diagnosis is made &
treatment is started.
5.SCIENTIFIC APPLICATION OF
MENTAL HYGEINE & MENTAL
THERAPY
• Mental health is an important
aspect of a healthy person. Clients
suffering from stress, mental health
problems are treated in hospitals.
Counseling is also done in the
hospital setting.
6.REHABILITATION
• Rehabilitation is a process where an
individual is re educated,
particularly where an individual has
been ill/injured, to enable them for
becoming capable of useful activity.
E.g. Care of a person who has
undergone amputation.
7.MEDICAL EDUCATION
• Hospitals attached to medical,
nursing colleges provide medical &
nursing education. The students
are taught how to care for a client,
how to provide indivualized care,
how to tackle emergency, & clinical
knowledge.
8.RESEARCH
• Incidence, prevalence rates,
morbidity & mortality rates
are calculated from the
hospital settings. Prevalence
of disease is done by
conducting research.
THANKYOU
