Chapter 3: 3-Phase AC System: Part 2

Learning Objectives:
1. Learn how to measure power using wattmeter.
2. Learn how to measure power using a number of wattmeters.
3.1 Power measurement using a wattmeter
The power in a single-phase system is shown in the figure. In the figure current (I) lags
voltage (V) by an angle f. The current has two components – the energy component and
the watt less component. Only the energy component has a power value. Hence, the
power in a single-phase circuit is given by the following equation:

W = V x I x cos ϴ

Where:
P=power (watts)
V=voltage (rms)
I= current (rms)
Cos ϴ = power factor

Example:

1. W = 1796.5, V = 120, I = 20, ϴ = ?Find ϴ.

Solution:
W = VI cos ϴ
1796.5 = 120(20) cos ϴ = 41.536°

2. W = 3000, V = 120, I = 25, ϴ = ?Find ϴ.

Solution:
W = VI cos ϴ
3000 = 120(25) cos ϴ = 0 °
 3. W =900, V = 400, I = ?, ϴ = 30°. Find I.
Solution:
W = VI cos ϴ
900 = 400(I) cos 30 = 2.59

4. W =800, V = 500, I = ?, ϴ = 45°. Find I.

Solution:
W = VI cos ϴ
800 = 500(I) cos 45 = 2.26

Supplementary Problem Sets:

1. W =?, V = 400, I = 20, ϴ = 30°. Find W.

2. W =?, V = 300, I = 15, ϴ = 45°. Find W.

3. W = 6000, V = 600, I = ?, ϴ = 45°. Find I.

4. W = 1000, V = 700, I = ?, ϴ = 30°. Find I.

5. W = 800, V = ?, I = 20, ϴ = 30°. Find V.

6. W = 500, V = ?, I = 15, ϴ = 45°. Find V.

7. W = 900, V = ?, I = 25, ϴ = 45°. Find V.

3.2 Three-Phase power measurement with the balanced load using only a single
wattmeter.

1 W
L
O
N A
2 D PTotal = 3W
3

±
Potential-lead shift method
1 W
± L
O PTotal = W’ + W”
2 A
D Where:

3 W’ = wattmeter reading on first position

W” = wattmeter reading on second position

1 W
± Artificial neutral method
L
O
2 A
PTotal = 3W
D
3

R R R

1 W
±
L T-Method
O
2
A
D
 R R

1 CT1
± Current Transformer
L
(CT) Method
± O
A
±
D
W ±
PTotal = W
±
2 ±
CT2
3

Examples:

1. A wound rotor motor, 7.5 HP, 230 volts, 3-phase take a line current of 18.4
amperes, when operating at rated output at an efficiency of 88%. Calculate
the indication on the wattmeter when this is inserted to measure power by
the T-method.
Solution:
Pout 7.5 ( 0.746 )
Pin= = =6.358 kW
n 0.88
Pin 6.358
Wreading= = =3.179 kW
2 2
 2. A wound rotor motor, 8 HP, 200 volts, 3-phase take a line current of 18.4
amperes, when operating at rated output at an efficiency of 90%. Calculate
the indication on the wattmeter when this is inserted to measure power by
the T-method.
Solution:
Pout 8 ( 0.746 )
Pin= = =6.631 kW
n 0.90

Supplementary Problem Sets:

4. Wreading = 5 kW, calculate the total power using the T-method.

1. A wound rotor motor, 8.5 HP, 220 volts, 3-phase take a line current of 18.4
amperes, when operating at rated output at an efficiency of 90%. Calculate
the indication on the wattmeter when this is inserted to measure power by
the T-method.

2. A wound rotor motor, 9.5 HP, 200 volts, 3-phase take a line current of 18.4
amperes, when operating at rated output at an efficiency of 92%. Calculate
the indication on the wattmeter when this is inserted to measure power by
the T-method.

3. A wound rotor motor, 10.5 HP, 200 volts, 3-phase take a line current of 18.4
amperes, when operating at rated output at an efficiency of 88%. Calculate
 5. Wreading = 6 kW, calculate the total power using the T-method.

6. A wound rotor motor, 11.5 HP, 200 volts, 3-phase take a line current of 18.4
amperes, when operating at rated output at an efficiency of 87%. Calculate
the indication on the wattmeter when this is inserted to measure power by
the T-method.

7. A wound rotor motor, 11.5 HP, 200 volts, 3-phase take a line current of 18.4
amperes, when operating at rated output at an efficiency of 87%. Calculate
the indication on the wattmeter when this is inserted to measure power by
the T-method.
3.3 Three-Phase power measurement with balanced load using “n” number of
wattmeter.

±
1 W1
± L
O
± A
2 W2 D
±
±
3 W3
±
O

Ptotal = W1 + W2 + W3
Where:

W1 = V1I1

W2 = V2I2

W3 = V3I3

Examples:

1. Find Ptotal when, V1 = 700, I1 = 5, V2 = 800, I2 = 6, V3 = 900, I3 = 7.

Solution:
W1 = V1I1 = 700(5) = 3500
W2 = V2I2 = 800(6) = 4800
W3 = V3I3 = 900(7) = 6300
Ptotal = W1 + W2 + W3 = 3500 + 4800 + 6300 = 14600 W

2. Find Ptotal when, V1 = 400, I1 = 4, V2 = 500, I2 = 5, V3 = 600, I3 = 6.

Solution:
W1 = V1I1 = 400(4) = 1600
W2 = V2I2 = 500(5) = 2500
Supplementary Problem Sets:

1. Find Ptotal when, V1 = 650, I1 = 5, V2 = 800, I2 = 6, V3 = 400, I3 =4.5.

2. Find Ptotal when, V1 = 450, I1 = 3, V2 = 500, I2 = 4, V3 = 300, I3 =2.5.

4. Find Ptotal when, V1 = 450, I1 = 3, V2 = 500, I2 = 4, V3 = 300, I3 =2.5.

3. Find Ptotal when, V1 = 300, I1 = 4, V2 = 650, I2 = 5, V3 = 400, I3 =4.5.

5. Find Ptotal when, V1 = 100, I1 = 0.5, V2 = 200, I2 = 1.5, V3 = 300, I3 =2.5.

6. Find Ptotal when, V1 = 300, I1 = 1.5, V2 = 400, I2 = 2.5, V3 = 200, I3 =2.

3.4 Three-Phase power measurement with balanced load using “n-1” number of
wattmeter

If point O is transferred to line 1, W1 = 0

1
L
O
I2 ±
A
W2 D
2
±
I3
±
3 W3
± Where ϴ12 = angle between V21 and I2
ϴ32 = angle between V32 and I3

W1 = 0 W2 = v21I1cosϴ21 W3 = v31i3cosϴ31

If point O is transferred to line 2, W2 = 0

± I1
W1 1
±
L
O
 I3 D
O
±
3 W3
±

Where ϴ12 = angle between V12 and I1

ϴ32 = angle between V32 and I3

W2 = 0 W1 = v12I1cosϴ12 W3 = v32i3cosϴ32

If point O is transferred to line 3, W 3 = 0

±
1 W1
±
L
±
O
2 W2 A
±
D

O
3

Where ϴ12 = angle between V12 and I1

ϴ32 = angle between V32 and I3

W3 = 0 W1 = v13I1cosϴ13 W2 = v23I2cosϴ23

Examples:

1. Given the following load impedances in delta and the impressed voltages as
follows:
Vab = 240<0° V Ia = 120<330° A
Vbc = 240<240° V Ib = 157<214° A
Vca = 240<120° V Ic = 150<80° A
Solve for the total power drawn.
 3. A factory is supplied by a three-phase. 3-wire system with the following
characteristics:
Vab = 230<0° V Ia = 110<30.65° A
Vbc = 230<240° V Ic = 125<50.85° A
Determine the power consumed by the load.
Solution:
W1 = VabIa cos ϴ|IaVab = (230)(110)cos30.65°
W1 = 21.77 kW
W2 = VcbIbcosϴ| IbVcb = (240)(157)cos(60°-50.85°)
W2 = 37.20 kW
Wt = W1 + W2 = 21.77 + 37.20
Wt = 58.97 kW

4. A factory is supplied by a three-phase. 3-wire system with the following

characteristics:
Vab = 230<0° V Ia = 110<34° A
Vbc = 230<240° V Ic = 125<52° A
Determine the power consumed by the load.
Solution:
W1 = VabIa cos ϴ|IaVab = (230)(110)cos34°
W1 = 20.97 kW
W2 = VcbIbcosϴ| IbVcb = (240)(157)cos(60°-52°)
W2 = 37.31 kW
Wt = W1 + W2 = 20.97 + 37.31
Wt = 58.28 kW
Supplementary Problem Set:

1. A factory is supplied by a three-phase. 3-wire system with the following

characteristics:
Vab = 230<0° V Ia = 110<29° A
Vbc = 230<240° V Ic = 125<48° A
Determine the power consumed by the load.

3. A factory is supplied by a three-phase. 3-wire system with the following

characteristics:
Vab = 230<0° V Ia = 110<27° A
Vbc = 230<240° V Ic = 125<50° A
Determine the power consumed by the load.

2. A factory is supplied by a three-phase. 3-wire system with the following

characteristics:
Vab = 230<0° V Ia = 110<28° A
Vbc = 230<240° V Ic = 125<53° A
Determine the power consumed by the load.
 5. A factory is supplied by a three-phase. 3-wire system with the following
characteristics:
Vab = 230<0° V Ia = 110<26° A
Vbc = 230<240° V Ic = 125<51° A
Determine the power consumed by the load.

6. A factory is supplied by a three-phase. 3-wire system with the following

characteristics:
Vab = 230<0° V Ia = 110<27.5° A
Vbc = 230<240° V Ic = 125<50.5° A
Determine the power consumed by the load.

7. A factory is supplied by a three-phase. 3-wire system with the following

characteristics:
Vab = 230<0° V Ia = 110<29.5° A
Vbc = 230<240° V Ic = 125<51.5° A
Determine the power consumed by the load.
3.5 Two wattmeter readings when Load is balanced

± I1

1 W1
±
L
±
O
W2 A
2 ±
I3 D

O
3

W1 = VLIL cos(30 - ϴ)

W2 = VLIL cos(30 + ϴ)

VL = line to line voltage

IL = Line current
ϴ = load power factor angle

Examples:

1. A 3-phase, 3-wire load draws the following line currents:

Ia = 60<330° A Ib = 78.4<214° A Ic = 75<80° A
If the voltages impressed on the load are balanced 3-phase, having a magnitude
of 4140 volts line to line, solve for the total power in kW.
Solution:
Vbc
 3. A balanced 3-phase load draws 120 amperes line current at 230 volts line to
line. 0.900 lagging current. Solve for the readings of the two wattmeters used to
measure the 3-phase power.
Solution:
ϴ = cos-1 0.900 = 25.84°
Since load is balanced, the reading of the wattmeters shall be:
W1 = VIcos(30° - ϴ) = (230)(120)cos(30° - 25.84°)
W1 = 27.527 kW
W2 = VIcos(30° + ϴ) = (230)(120)cos(30° + 25.84°)
W2 = 15.497 kW

4. A balanced 3-phase load draws 120 amperes line current at 230 volts line to
line. 0.950 lagging current. Solve for the readings of the two wattmeters used to
measure the 3-phase power.
Solution:
ϴ = cos-1 0.950 = 18.19°
Since load is balanced, the reading of the wattmeters shall be:
W1 = VIcos(30° - ϴ) = (230)(120)cos(30° - 18.19°)
W1 = 27.016 kW
W2 = VIcos(30° + ϴ) = (230)(120)cos(30° + 18.19 °)
W2 = 18.40 kW
1. A balanced 3-phase load draws 130 amperes line current at 210 volts line to
line. 0.789 lagging current. Solve for the readings of the two wattmeters used
to measure the 3-phase power.

2. A balanced 3-phase load draws 130 amperes line current at 210 volts line to
line. 0.867 lagging current. Solve for the readings of the two wattmeters used
to measure the 3-phase power.

3. A balanced 3-phase load draws 130 amperes line current at 210 volts line to
line. 0.915 lagging current. Solve for the readings of the two wattmeters used
to measure the 3-phase power.

4. A balanced 3-phase load draws 130 amperes line current at 210 volts line to
line. 0.923 lagging current. Solve for the readings of the two wattmeters used
to measure the 3-phase power.

5. A balanced 3-phase load draws 110 amperes line current at 240 volts line to
line. 0.855 lagging current. Solve for the readings of the two wattmeters used
to measure the 3-phase power.
Supplementary Problem Set:

6. A balanced 3-phase load draws 110 amperes line current at 240 volts line to
line. 0.799 lagging current. Solve for the readings of the two wattmeters used
to measure the 3-phase power.

7. A balanced 3-phase load draws 110 amperes line current at 240 volts line to
line. 0.891 lagging current. Solve for the readings of the two wattmeters used
to measure the 3-phase power.
3.6 Power factor computation using the two-wattmeter readings

W 1−W 2
ϴ = tan-1√ 3( W 1+W 2 )

Pf = cos ϴ
Examples:

1. The power drawn by a three-phase balanced load is measured using two

wattmeters properly connected. At what power factor will the reading of one
of the wattmeters be zero?
Solution:
W 1−W 2
ϴ = tan-1√ 3( )
W 1+W 2

Assume W2 = 0

ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( WW 1−0
1+0 )
-1
=¿tan √ 3=60 °

pf = cos ϴ = cos 60°

pf = 0.5
 2. Two wattmeters used to measure the total power drawn by a three phase
circuit and are connected properly. The first wattmeter reads 4800 watts while the
other reads 400 watts after reversing its current coil. Solve for the load power factor.
Solution:

ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( WW 1−W 2
1+W 2 )

4800−(−400)
ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( 4800+(−400) )
= 63.963°

pf = cos ϴ = cos 63.963°

pf = 0.439
3. Two wattmeters used to measure the total power drawn by a three phase
circuit and are connected properly. The first wattmeter reads 5000 watts while the
other reads 450 watts after reversing its current coil. Solve for the load power factor.
Solution:

ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( WW 1−W 2
1+W 2 )

5000−(−450)
ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( 5000+(−450))=64.266 °

pf = cos ϴ = cos 64.266°

pf = 0.434
4. Two wattmeters used to measure the total power drawn by a three phase
circuit and are connected properly. The first wattmeter reads 4600 watts while the
other reads 380 watts after reversing its current coil. Solve for the load power factor.
Solution:

ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( WW 1−W 2
1+W 2 )

ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( 4600−(−380)
4600+(−380) )
=63.93 °
Supplementaray Problem Set:

3. Two wattmeters used to measure the total power drawn by a three phase
circuit and are connected properly. The first wattmeter reads 4900 watts
while the other reads 400 watts after reversing its current coil. Solve for
the load power factor.

2. Two wattmeters used to measure the total power drawn by a three phase
circuit and are connected properly. The first wattmeter reads 5100 watts
while the other reads 410 watts after reversing its current coil. Solve for
the load power factor.

1. Two wattmeters used to measure the total power drawn by a three phase
circuit and are connected properly. The first wattmeter reads 4700 watts
while the other reads 430 watts after reversing its current coil. Solve for
the load power factor.

4. Two wattmeters used to measure the total power drawn by a three phase
circuit and are connected properly. The first wattmeter reads 4800 watts while
the other reads 500 watts after reversing its current coil. Solve for the load
power factor.
6. Two wattmeters used to measure the total power drawn by a three phase
circuit and are connected properly. The first wattmeter reads 4900 watts while
the other reads 500 watts after reversing its current coil. Solve for the load
power factor.

7. Two wattmeters used to measure the total power drawn by a three phase
circuit and are connected properly. The first wattmeter reads 4700 watts while
the other reads 500 watts after reversing its current coil. Solve for the load
power factor.
Answer Key:
3.1

1. W =?, V = 400, I = 20, ϴ = 30°. Find W.

Solution:
W = VI cos ϴ
W = 400(20) cos 30° = 6928.2

2. W =?, V = 300, I = 15, ϴ = 45°. Find W.

Solution:
W = VI cos ϴ
W = 300(15) cos 45° = 3182

3. W = 6000, V = 600, I = ?, ϴ = 45°. Find I.

Solution:
W = VI cos ϴ
W 6000
I= = =14.1 A
V cos ϴ 600 cos 45°

4. W = 1000, V = 700, I = ?, ϴ = 30°. Find I.

Solution:
W = VI cos ϴ
W 1000
I= = =1.6 A
V cos ϴ 700 cos 30 °

5. W = 800, V = ?, I = 20, ϴ = 30°. Find V.

Solution:
W = VI cos ϴ
W 800
V= = =46.1V
I cos ϴ 20 cos 30 °

6. W = 500, V = ?, I = 15, ϴ = 45°. Find V.

Solution:
W = VI cos ϴ
W 500
V= = =47.1 V
I cos ϴ 15 cos 45 °
 7. W = 900, V = ?, I = 25, ϴ = 45°. Find V.
Solution:
W = VI cos ϴ
W 900
V= = =50.9 V
I cos ϴ 25 cos 45 °

3.2

3.
1. A wound rotor motor, 10.5 HP,220
8.5 HP, 200volts,
volts,3-phase
3-phasetake
takeaaline
linecurrent
currentofof18.4
18.4
amperes, when operating at rated output at an efficiency of 88%.90%. Calculate
the indication on the wattmeter when this is inserted to measure power by
the T-method.
Solution:
Pout 10.5 ( 0.746 )
Pin= = 8.5 ( 0.746 ) =7.046 kW
=8.901kW
n 0.88
0.90
Pin 8.901
Wreading= = 7.046 =4.451
=3.523 kW
2 2

2. A wound rotor motor, 9.5 HP, 200 volts, 3-phase take a line current of 18.4
amperes, when operating at rated output at an efficiency of 92%. Calculate
the indication on the wattmeter when this is inserted to measure power by
the T-method.
Solution:
Pout 9.5 ( 0.746 )
Pin= = =7.703 kW
n 0.92
Pin 7.703
Wreading= = =3.852kW
2 2
 5. Wreading = 6 kW, calculate the total power using the T-method.

Solution:
PTotal = 2W
PTotal = 2(6 kW) = 12

6. A wound rotor motor, 11.5 HP, 200 volts, 3-phase take a line current of 18.4
amperes, when operating at rated output at an efficiency of 87%. Calculate
the indication on the wattmeter when this is inserted to measure power by
the T-method.
Solution:
Pout 11.5 ( 0.746 )
Pin= = =9.861kW
n 0.87
Pin 9.861
Wreading= = =4.931 kW
2 2

7. A wound rotor motor, 11.5 HP, 200 volts, 3-phase take a line current of 18.4
amperes, when operating at rated output at an efficiency of 87%. Calculate
the indication on the wattmeter when this is inserted to measure power by
the T-method.
Solution:
Pout 11.5 ( 0.746 )
Pin= = =9.861kW
n 0.87
3.3

1. Find Ptotal when, V1 = 650, I1 = 5, V2 = 800, I2 = 6, V3 = 400, I3 =4.5.

Solution:
W1 = V1I1 = 650(5) = 3250
W2 = V2I2 = 800(6) = 4800
W3 = V3I3 = 400(4.5) = 1800
Ptotal = W1 + W2 + W3 =3250 + 4800 + 1800 = 9850 W

2. Find Ptotal when, V1 = 450, I1 = 3, V2 = 500, I2 = 4, V3 = 300, I3 =2.5.

Solution:
W1 = V1I1 = 450(3) = 1350
W2 = V2I2 = 800(4) = 3200
W3 = V3I3 = 300(2.5) = 750
Ptotal = W1 + W2 + W3 = 1350 + 3200 + 750 = 5300 W

3. Find Ptotal when, V1 = 300, I1 = 4, V2 = 650, I2 = 5, V3 = 400, I3 =4.5.

Solution:
W1 = V1I1 = 300(4) = 1200
 4. Find Ptotal when, V1 = 450, I1 = 3, V2 = 500, I2 = 4, V3 = 300, I3 =2.5.
Solution:
W1 = V1I1 = 450(3) = 1350
W2 = V2I2 = 800(4) = 3200
W3 = V3I3 = 300(2.5) = 750
Ptotal = W1 + W2 + W3 = 1350 + 3200 + 750 = 5300 W

5. Find Ptotal when, V1 = 100, I1 = 0.5, V2 = 200, I2 = 1.5, V3 = 300, I3 =2.5.

Solution:
W1 = V1I1 = 100(0.5) = 50
W2 = V2I2 = 200(1.5) = 300
W3 = V3I3 = 300(2.5) = 750
Ptotal = W1 + W2 + W3 = 50 + 300 + 750 = 1100 W

6. Find Ptotal when, V1 = 300, I1 = 1.5, V2 = 400, I2 = 2.5, V3 = 200, I3 =2.

Solution:
W1 = V1I1 = 300(1.5) = 450
W2 = V2I2 = 400(2.5) = 1000
W3 = V3I3 = 200(2) = 400
Ptotal = W1 + W2 + W3 = 450 + 1000 + 400 = 1850 W

7. Find Ptotal when, V1 = 200, I1 = 2.5, V2 = 300, I2 = 4, V3 = 500, I3 =5.

Solution:
W1 = V1I1 = 200(2.5) = 500
W2 = V2I2 = 300(4) = 1200
W3 = V3I3 = 500(5) = 2500
Ptotal = W1 + W2 + W3 = 500 + 1200 + 2500 = 4200 W
3.4

1. A factory is supplied by a three-phase. 3-wire system with the following

characteristics:
Vab = 230<0° V Ia = 110<29° A
Vbc = 230<240° V Ic = 125<48° A
Determine the power consumed by the load.
Solution:
W1 = VabIa cos ϴ|IaVab = (230)(110)cos29°
W1 = 22.13 kW
W2 = VcbIbcosϴ| IbVcb = (240)(157)cos(60°-48°)
W2 = 36.86 kW
Wt = W1 + W2 = 22.13 + 36.86
Wt = 58.99 kW

2. A factory is supplied by a three-phase. 3-wire system with the following

3. A factory is supplied by a three-phase. 3-wire system with the following
characteristics:
characteristics:
Vab = 230<0° V Ia = 110<27° A
Vab = 230<0° V Ia = 110<28° A
Vbc = 230<240° V Ic = 125<50° A
Vbc = 230<240° V Ic = 125<53° A
Determine the power consumed by the load.
Determine the power consumed by the load.
Solution:
Solution:
W1 = VabIa cos ϴ|IaVab = (230)(110)cos27°
W1 = VabIa cos ϴ|IaVab = (230)(110)cos28°
W1 = 22.54 kW
W1 = 22.34 kW Vcb
W2 = VcbIbcosϴ| Ib = (240)(157)cos(60°-50°)
W2 = VcbIbcosϴ| IbVcb = (240)(157)cos(60°-53°)
W2 = 37.11 kW
W2 = 37.40 kW
Wt = W1 + W2 = 22.54 + 37.11
Wt = W1 + W2 = 22.34 + 37.40
Wt = 59.65 kW
Wt = 59.74 kW

4. A factory is supplied by a three-phase. 3-wire system with the following

characteristics:
Vab = 230<0° V Ia = 110<24° A
 5. A factory is supplied by a three-phase. 3-wire system with the following
characteristics:
Vab = 230<0° V Ia = 110<26° A
Vbc = 230<240° V Ic = 125<51° A
Determine the power consumed by the load.
Solution:
W1 = VabIa cos ϴ|IaVab = (230)(110)cos26°
W1 = 22.74 kW
W2 = VcbIbcosϴ| IbVcb = (240)(157)cos(60°-51°)
W2 = 37.22 kW
Wt = W1 + W2 = 22.74 + 37.22
Wt = 59.96 kW

6. A factory is supplied by a three-phase. 3-wire system with the following

characteristics:
Vab = 230<0° V Ia = 110<27.5° A
Vbc = 230<240° V Ic = 125<50.5° A
Determine the power consumed by the load.
Solution:
W1 = VabIa cos ϴ|IaVab = (230)(110)cos27.5°
W1 = 22.44 kW
W2 = VcbIbcosϴ| IbVcb = (240)(157)cos(60°-50.5°)
W2 = 37.16 kW
Wt = W1 + W2 = 22.44 + 37.16
Wt = 59.6 kW
 7. A factory is supplied by a three-phase. 3-wire system with the following
characteristics:
Vab = 230<0° V Ia = 110<29.5° A
Vbc = 230<240° V Ic = 125<51.5° A
Determine the power consumed by the load.
Solution:
W1 = VabIa cos ϴ|IaVab = (230)(110)cos29.5°
W1 = 22.02 kW
W2 = VcbIbcosϴ| IbVcb = (240)(157)cos(60°-51.5°)
W2 = 37.27 kW
Wt = W1 + W2 = 22.02 + 37.26
Wt = 59.28 kW

3.5

1. A balanced 3-phase load draws 130 amperes line current at 210 volts line to
line. 0.789 lagging current. Solve for the readings of the two wattmeters used
to measure the 3-phase power.
 3. A balanced 3-phase load draws 130 amperes line current at 210 volts line to
line. 0.915 lagging current. Solve for the readings of the two wattmeters used
to measure the 3-phase power.
Solution:
ϴ = cos-1 0.915 = 23.794°
Since load is balanced, the reading of the wattmeters shall be:
W1 = VIcos(30° - ϴ) = (210)(130)cos(30° - 23.794°)
W1 = 27.14 kW
W2 = VIcos(30° + ϴ) = (210)(130)cos(30° + 23.794°)
W2 = 16.126 kW

4. A balanced 3-phase load draws 130 amperes line current at 210 volts line to
line. 0.923 lagging current. Solve for the readings of the two wattmeters used
to measure the 3-phase power.
Solution:
ϴ = cos-1 0.923 = 22.631°
Since load is balanced, the reading of the wattmeters shall be:
W1 = VIcos(30° - ϴ) = (210)(130)cos(30° - 22.631°)
W1 = 27.075 kW
W2 = VIcos(30° + ϴ) = (210)(130)cos(30° + 22.631°)
W2 = 16.57 kW
 5. A balanced 3-phase load draws 110 amperes line current at 240 volts line to
line. 0.855 lagging current. Solve for the readings of the two wattmeters used
to measure the 3-phase power.
Solution:
ϴ = cos-1 0.855 = 31.24°
Since load is balanced, the reading of the wattmeters shall be:
W1 = VIcos(30° - ϴ) = (240)(110)cos(30° - 31.24°)
W1 = 26.394 kW
W2 = VIcos(30° + ϴ) = (240)(110)cos(30° + 31.24°)
W2 = 12.702 kW

6. A balanced 3-phase load draws 110 amperes line current at 240 volts line to
line. 0.799 lagging current. Solve for the readings of the two wattmeters used
to measure the 3-phase power.
Solution:
ϴ = cos-1 0.799 = 36.965°
Since load is balanced, the reading of the wattmeters shall be:
W1 = VIcos(30° - ϴ) = (240)(110)cos(30° - 36.965°)
W1 = 26.205 kW
W2 = VIcos(30° + ϴ) = (240)(110)cos(30° + 36.965°)
W2 = 10.33 kW
 7. A balanced 3-phase load draws 110 amperes line current at 240 volts line to
line. 0.891 lagging current. Solve for the readings of the two wattmeters used
to measure the 3-phase power.
Solution:
ϴ = cos-1 0.891 = 27°
Since load is balanced, the reading of the wattmeters shall be:
W1 = VIcos(30° - ϴ) = (240)(110)cos(30° - 27 °)
W1 = 26.364 kW
W2 = VIcos(30° + ϴ) = (240)(110)cos(30° + 27 °)
W2 = 14.378 kW
3.6

1. Two wattmeters used to measure the total power drawn by a three

phase circuit and are connected properly. The first wattmeter reads
4900 watts while the other reads 400 watts after reversing its current
coil. Solve for the load power factor.
Solution:

ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( WW 1−W 2
1+W 2 )

ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( 4900−(−400)
4900+(−400) )
=63.886 °

pf = cos ϴ = cos 63.886°

pf = 0.44

2. Two wattmeters used to measure the total power drawn by a three

phase circuit and are connected properly. The first wattmeter reads
5100 watts while the other reads 410 watts after reversing its current
coil. Solve for the load power factor.
Solution:

ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( WW 1−W 2
1+W 2 )

5100−(−410)
ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( 5100+(−410))=63.83 °

pf = cos ϴ = cos 63.83°

pf = 0.441
 3. Two wattmeters used to measure the total power drawn by a three
phase circuit and are connected properly. The first wattmeter reads
4700 watts while the other reads 430 watts after reversing its current
coil. Solve for the load power factor.
Solution:

ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( WW 1−W 2
1+W 2 )

ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( 4700−(−430)
4700+(−430) )
=64.33 °

pf = cos ϴ = cos 64.33°

pf = 0.433

4. Two wattmeters used to measure the total power drawn by a three phase
circuit and are connected properly. The first wattmeter reads 4800 watts while
the other reads 500 watts after reversing its current coil. Solve for the load
power factor.
Solution:

ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( WW 1−W 2
1+W 2 )

4800−(−500)
ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( 4800+(−500))=64.9°

pf = cos ϴ = cos 64.9°

pf = 0.424
 5. Two wattmeters used to measure the total power drawn by a three phase
circuit and are connected properly. The first wattmeter reads 4600 watts while
the other reads 490 watts after reversing its current coil. Solve for the load
power factor.
Solution:

ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( WW 1−W 2
1+W 2 )

ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( 4600−(−490)
4600+(−490) )
=65 °

pf = cos ϴ = cos 65°

pf = 0.423

6. Two wattmeters used to measure the total power drawn by a three phase
circuit and are connected properly. The first wattmeter reads 4900 watts while
the other reads 500 watts after reversing its current coil. Solve for the load
power factor.
Solution:

ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( WW 1−W 2
1+W 2 )

ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( 4900−(−400)
4900+(−400) )
=63.89 °

pf = cos ϴ = cos 63.89°

pf = 0.44
 7. Two wattmeters used to measure the total power drawn by a three phase
circuit and are connected properly. The first wattmeter reads 4700 watts while
the other reads 500 watts after reversing its current coil. Solve for the load
power factor.
Solution:

ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( WW 1−W 2
1+W 2 )

ϴ = tan-1√ 3 ( 4700−(−450)
4700+(−450) )
=64.52 °

pf = cos ϴ = cos 64.52°

pf = 0.43