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importiva turcilor. Acesta este unul dinte motivele pentru care turcii vor ataca
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Se presupune ca a incheiat o alinata anti-otmana cu regele Ungariei Matia Corvin
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Cea mai importanta lupta este celebrul atac noctrun de la Targoviste }{\rtlch \fcs1
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\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Alexandru cel Bun- }
{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs20 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs20 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 bunicul lui Stefan cel Mare (1400-1432)}
{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs20 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs20 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
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\afs20 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs20 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 In politica externa a urmarit sa tina un echilibru intre
Polonia si Ungaria. Incheie tratat de vasalitate cu regele Poloniei, accepta
suzeranitatea acest tratat era }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs20 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs20
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\highlight7 importiva Ungariei .}{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs20 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs20
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
Punctul terminus al drumului central european(Chilia) (era dorit de ungaria)}
{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs20 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs20 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
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\afs20 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs20 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Tratatul va fi reinnoit de mai multe ori.Pentru ca a
incehiat acest tratat Al va trimite trupe Poloniei impotriva cavalerilor teutoni. }
{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs20 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs20 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \highlight7 In 1420 }{\rtlch \fcs1
\af0 \afs20 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs20 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0
\loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Imperiul Otoman ataca prima oara Moldova. Acesta
apara in principal Chilia si Cetatea Alba. (ataca pe mare).}{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0
\afs20 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs20 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0
\loch \af0 {\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Stefan cel Mare- }{\rtlch
\fcs1 \af0 \afs20 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs20 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 nepotul lui Alexandru cel bun (1457-1504)}
{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs20 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs20 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha
\aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 In 1459 a incheiat cu
regele Poloniei la }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17 \cf8 Overchelauti}
{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \cf8 un tratat recunoscandu-
l drept suzeran. Va fi reinnoit in 1485 la Colomeea (dupa ce pierduse Chilia si
Cetatea Alba ni le luasera turcii). In 1475 (dupa scrisoarea circulara adresata
principiilor europeni adresata de Stefan va incheia un tratat cu Matei Corvin-
regele Ungariei, s-a incheiat la Iasi) }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0
\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \cf8 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0
\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \cf8 Cel mai important tratat in 1499 incheiat cu regele
Poloniei pe pozitii de egalitate la Harlau.}{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch
\fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \cf8 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0
\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \cf8 Actiuni militare: }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch
\fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \cf8 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0
\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \cf8 Lupta de la Baia cu Matei Corvin 1467- victorie pt
Stefan cel Mare.}{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \cf8
\par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0
\loch \af0 {\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \cf8 Lupta de la
Vaslui 1475 cu turcii- victorie (ceata)}{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0
\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \cf8 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0
\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \cf8 Lupta de la Razboieni 1476- infrangere pt Stefan cel
Mare}{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \cf8 \par }\pard
\plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright
\lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0
{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \cf8 Lupta de la Codrii
Cozminului 1499 cu noul rege al Poloniei- victorie pt Stefan.}{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0
\afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \chcbpat17 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \cf8 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\rtlch \fcs1 \af0
\afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \chcbpat17 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \cf8 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Iancu
de Hunedoara- 1441-1456}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0
\loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 A fost voievod al Transilvaniei (nu
domnitor)- sef militar suprem (domnitor-seful unui stat)}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 A
devenit voievod pentru ca a sustinut preluarea tronului Ungariei de catre regele
Poloniei Vladislav - este numit in castelul Hunedoarei.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
Actiuni militare: Campania cea lunga (1443-1444) 6 luni a durat asupra teritorilor
otomane de la Sud de Dunare provocand mari pagube. Iancu+trupele ungare+ta su lu
vlad tepes+Gheorghe Brancovici. }{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 *Iancu de Hunedoara a dus lupte
ofensive.(singurul cu lupte ofensive).}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Pacea s-a semnat la
Seghedin in 44 pe termen de 10 ani pace avantajoasa pentru crestini. Turcii erau
obligati sa nu mai atace 10 ani asupra tarilor crestine sa plateasca despagubiri si
sa elibereze teritorile ocupate(Albania) }{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Desi tanar si lipsit
de experienta regele Ungariei sustinut de papa a declansat o noua campanie anti-
otomana. Dupa unele victorii obtiunte (Vidin, Nicopole) insa la Varna cruciatii au
fost invinsi(regele moare la Varna).}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 O ultima incercare de
cruciada a fost in 1448 cand Iancu a fost invins la Campia Mierlei(Kosovopolje)}
{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha
\aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 In 1453 Constantinopolul a fost cucerit de turci. In
aceste conditii Belgradul cheia europei centrale era amenintat.In aceasta lupta
crestii vor obtine victoria(iulie 1456). Papa Calixt al III-lea il numeste pe
Iancu: ,,Atletul cel mai puternic al lui Cristos\uc1 \u8221 ?. Sfarsitul este
tragic pentru Iancu se va imbolnavi de ciuma si va muri in august 1456. Aceasta
victorie a oprit atacurile otomane in Europa Centrala 6 decenii si jumatate.(1521-
Suliman Magnificul). Pe piatra funerara a lui Iancu s-a scris: ,,S-a stins lumina
lumii\uc1 \u8221 ?.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
Mihai Viteazul(sec XVI-lea) (1593-1601) }{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 In
sec XVI-lea Tarile Romane au intrat sub suzeranitate otomana. Mihai isi cumparase
tronul de la turci fiind considerat fidel acestora.In 1594 declasneaza o rascoala
anti-otomana ucigand garda otomana si creditorii pentru a prelua domnia. El va
incerca sa adere la alianta Liga Sfanta(tarile crestine europene impreuna cu papa
au intiat aceasta liga) Mihai Viteazu dorea o aderare dar nu era credibil. Acesta
declanseaza un atac asupra cetatilor otomane de la Dunare (Giurgiu, Ruse, Braila).}
{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha
\aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 In 1595 la 20 mai o delegatie de boieri condusa de
mitropolitul Eftimie a semnat la Alba Iulia o alianta cu Trasnsilvania. Aceasta
delegatie de boieri a negociat tratatul in interese proprii deoarece pe plan intern
ei trebuiau sa conduca tara iar pe plan extern Sigismund Bathory devenea suzeranul
lui Mihai Viteazul, adica Mihai devenea loc tiitor in propria tara. El a acceptat
acest tratat deoarece trebuia sa fie credibil in Liga Sfanta si tot odata primea
ajutor militar impotriva turcilor.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Exista si un aspect
pozitiv al acestui tratat Biserica Ortodoxa din Transilvania era pusa sub
autoritatea mitropoliei de la Targoviste.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Aceasta actiune
diplomatica nu este una pe plan extern deoarece romanii din Transilvania au
incheiat un tratat cu romanii din T.R.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Lupta
de la Calugareni 13 august 1595- Mihai avand armata inferioara turcilor a ales un
loc strategic strabatut de raul Neajlov. In acest loc deplasarea turcilor se facea
pe un singur drum (podul ingust) puteau sa atace doar frontal. Desi lupta a inceput
cu un esec pentru ca am pierdut tunurile, Mihai a reusit prin vitejia sa decida
soarta luptei.(In momentele de cumpana, Mihai a smuls o secure din mana unui soldat
atacandu-I personal pe turci reusind sa I imbarbateze pe romani). Turcii au fost
inghesuiti avand ca singura cale de retragere podul. Sinan Pasa a cazut de pe pod
in mlastina fiind salvat de un soldat. Mihai a capturat si steagul verde al
turcilor. Desi a obtinut victoria domnitorul nu a reusit sa I alunge peste Dunare.
Asa ca noaptea s-a retras in munti aspeptand ajutorul princepelui Transilvaniei.
Turcii au ocupat Bucurestiul si Targoviste pregatind tara in pasalac. }{\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0
\loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 Batalia de la Giurgiu 1595- Cu ajutorul Transilvaniei si al Moldovei au
atacat eliberand Targoviste si Bucuresti turcii retragandu-se spre Giurgiu. Sinan
Pasa a reusit sa fuga noaptea dar cea mai mare parte a armatei a ramas pe malul
romanesc. Artileria crestinilor a reusit sa distruga podul si au atacat Giurgiu
artileria daramandu-I zidurile, Turcii considerand aceasta lupta una rusinoasa
pentru istoria lor din cauza blestematului de Mihai,}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 In
1597 dupa ce turcii l-au invis pe Sigismund Mihai Viteazul a fost nevoit sa incheie
un tratat de pace totusi aducandu-I niste beneficii: tributul pe jumatate iar el
era recunoscut da domn pe viata.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 In 1598 tratatul de la manastirea
Dealu- este un tratat impotriva turcilor cu cel care conducea Liga Sfanta imparatul
Rudolf al II-lea (conducea si Ungaria) acesta isi trimite diplomati la Targoviste.
El recunoaste domnia ereditara in familia lui Mihai Viteazul si se obliga sa ii
achipeze 5.000 de soldati acceptand suzeranitatea lui Rudolf. Acceptat
suzeranitatea si nu plateam tribut lui Rudolf.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Unirea celor 3 T.R-
1559 Transilvania- primavara anului 1600 Moldova: aceste actiuni erau privite ca pe
un pericol de tarile vecine de aceea au urmarit destramarea lui. Dupa ce a pierdut
domnia Mihai s-a adresat lui Rudolf al II-lea care I-a pus la dispozitie o armata.
Batalia a avut loc la Salaj importiva lui Sigismund Bathory care este o victorie
pentru Mihai Sigismund fugind in Moldova. }{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Boierii din T.R l-au
alungat pe domnitor gandidu-se sa inapoieze tronul lui Mihai. In aceste conditii a
fost asasinat pe Campia Turzii de mercenarii generalului Basta. In anul 1606
razboiul dinte otomani si habsburgi s-a incheiat printr-o pace. Cele 3.T.R vor
intra sub suzeranitate otomana. }{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Concluzie: In sec al XVII-lea
turcii au reluat dominatia peste T.R2 au crescut tributul subsantial.}{\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0
\loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha
\aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Matei Basarab (1632-1654):}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs20
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 in
aceasta perioada- tratat cu Franta- Ludovic al XIV-lea tratatul de la Fagaras.}
{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha
\aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch
 \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0
\loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 In perioada urmataoare }{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Serban Cantacuziono-
T.R}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 si }{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\lang1033 \langnp1033 Dimitrie Cantemir- Moldova}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0
\loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha
\aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs28 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Formarea statelor medievale rom\uc1 \u226 ?ne\uc1 \u537 ?
ti}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha
\aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 In Evul Mediu romanii erau
organiza\uc1 \u539 ?i in ob\uc1 \u537 ?ti s\uc1 \u259 ?te\uc1 \u537 ?ti. Ob\uc1
\u537 ?ti s\uc1 \u259 ?te\uc1 \u537 ?ti-Uniuni de ob\uc1 \u537 ?ti-Cnezate. Nicolae
Iorga le numea sate f\uc1 \u259 ?r\uc1 \u259 ? stat. Prin unirea mai mult ob\uc1
\u537 ?ti s\uc1 \u259 ?te\uc1 \u537 ?ti s-au format uniuni de ob\uc1 \u537 ?ti. Tot
Nicolae Iorga le numea ,,romanii populare\uc1 \u8221 ?. Prin unirea uniunilor s-au
format cnezatele (un fel de comune) mai multe cnezate- voievodate. Acestea se
numesc autonomii locale sau forma\uc1 \u539 ?iuni pre-statale. Le \uc1 \u238 ?
nt\uc1 \u226 ?lnim \uc1 \u537 ?i sub alte denumiri: \uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ?ri,
ocoale, c\uc1 \u226 ?mpuri, codrii.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Caracteristicile autonomiilor
locale- toate au evoluat din ob\uc1 \u537 ?ti s\uc1 \u259 ?te\uc1 \u537 ?ti
adic\uc1 \u259 ? din sate, toate erau conduse de \uc1 \u537 ?efi militari, numi\uc1
\u539 ?i cnezi voievozi sau jupani. Locuitorii acestora erau \uc1 \u238 ?mp\uc1
\u259 ?r\uc1 \u539 ?i\uc1 \u539 ?i in clase sociale. Semnele economiei prospere.}
{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha
\aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Primul stat care s a format a fost
Transilvania (spa\uc1 \u539 ?iul Intracarpatic) acesta s-a format in mai multe
etape \uc1 \u537 ?i evident in timpul cuceririi Ungariei de aceea Transilvania \uc1
\u238 ?nc\uc1 \u259 ? de la formare v-a ajunge sub suzeranitatea Ungariei.
Izvoarele istorice ne aduc informa\uc1 \u539 ?ii despre aceste evenimente in
aceasta epoca a migra\uc1 \u539 ?iilor.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Ungurii s-au a\uc1
\u537 ?ezat in Panonnia in 896 sub conducerea lui Arpad. El a unit uniunile de
triburi (7 triburi) \uc1 \u537 ?i a format un stat-Regatul Ungariei. De la Arpad se
instaleaz\uc1 \u259 ? dinastia Arpadiana.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Izvorul istoric
Cronica lui Anonymus (cronicar anonim al regelui ungur Bella al III-lea) Gesta
Hungarorum (Faptele ungurilor) scris\uc1 \u259 ? in secolul XII. Aceasta cronica
face referire la evenimentele din secolul IX. Dup\uc1 \u259 ? ce s-a format ca
stat, Ungaria a \uc1 \u238 ?nceput sa \uc1 \u537 ?i extinda teritoriul intr\uc1
\u226 ?nd in spa\uc1 \u539 ?iul rom\uc1 \u226 ?nesc. Cronica descrie luptele pe
care le au purtat maghiarii cu voievozii romani (\uc1 \u537 ?efi locali) la
p\uc1 \u259 ?trunderea in spa\uc1 \u539 ?iul intra-carpatic. \uc1 \u206 ?n
cronic\uc1 \u259 ? sunt amintite voievodatele lui Gelu, Glad \uc1 \u537 ?i
Menumorut- anihilate. \uc1 \u206 ?n anul 1000 ungurii s-au cre\uc1 \u537 ?tinat in
rit latin. Sf\uc1 \u226 ?ntul G\uc1 \u233 ?rard a scris in secolul XI despre
conflictele dintre unguri (\uc1 \u536 ?tefan I) \uc1 \u537 ?i voievozii romani
(Gila \uc1 \u537 ?i Actum)-anihila\uc1 \u539 ?i. In anul 1003 \uc1 \u536 ?tefan
\uc1 \u238 ?l va \uc1 \u238 ?nvinge pe Gila care refuzase catolicizarea. Actium
\uc1 \u238 ?ntemeiate o biserica ortodoxa in Banat fapt ce l a sup\uc1 \u259 ?rat
pe \uc1 \u536 ?tefan \uc1 \u537 ?i a v\uc1 \u259 ?muit sarea. (s a \uc1 \u238 ?
ncheiat etapa cuceririi voievodatelor rom\uc1 \u226 ?ne\uc1 \u537 ?ti).}{\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0
\loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 Dupa secolul XI ungurii au intrat intr-o criza dinastic\uc1 \u259 ? 2
secole (XII-XIII) s a stins dinastia Arpadiana. Totu\uc1 \u537 ?i m\uc1 \u259 ?suri
pentru a integra Transilvania in Ungaria au fost luate.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0
\loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 M\uc1 \u259 ?suri: pentru a reduce num\uc1 \u259 ?rul romanilor din
Transilvania au fost coloniza\uc1 \u539 ?i sa\uc1 \u537 ?i \uc1 \u537 ?i secui
teutoni cavaleri ioaniti. O alta m\uc1 \u259 ?sur\uc1 \u259 ? este \uc1 \u238 ?
ncercarea regalit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u539 ?ii maghiare de a transforma dup\uc1
\u259 ? model apusean- principat. \uc1 \u206 ?n 1111 este men\uc1 \u539 ?ionat
Principele Mercurius. Deoarece romanii erau majoritari se va reinstitui voievodatul
unitatea sau forma de organizare a romanilor. Au fost introduse noi forme de
organizare de exemplu: s au constituit comitatele (primul a fost Bihor). Sa\uc1
\u537 ?ii si secuii erau organiza\uc1 \u539 ?i in scaune. Sa\uc1 \u537 ?ii aveau 7
scaune. Ei au \uc1 \u238 ?nfiin\uc1 \u539 ?at si cele mai importante ora\uc1
\u537 ?e din Transilvania (Sibiu, Bra\uc1 \u537 ?ov). Romanii \uc1 \u238 ?\uc1
\u537 ?i p\uc1 \u259 ?strau formele de organizare tari, districte. \uc1 \u206 ?n
secolul XIV ungurii au ie\uc1 \u537 ?it din criza dinastic\uc1 \u259 ? insaurandu-
se dinastia de Anjou. Carol Robert de Anjou Ludovic de Anjou.}{\fs24 \kerning2
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard
\plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright
\lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0
{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 In 1366 Ludovic I de Anjou a dat o diploma (decret) prin care condi\uc1
\u539 ?iona titlul de nobil de catolicism. - r\uc1 \u259 ?scoale}{\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha
\aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0
\loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 1437 Bob\uc1 \u259 ?lna}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 1514
Gheorghe Doja}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 1517 jurist \uc1 \u536 ?tefan Werboczi care a
elaborat o culegere de legi Tripatitum care con\uc1 \u539 ?inea sistemul Na\uc1
\u539 ?iunilor privilegiate, pedepse grave pentru cei care se r\uc1 \u259 ?sculau.
Dup\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?nfr\uc1 \u226 ?ngerea Ungariei de la Mochatz
situa\uc1 \u539 ?ia se va schimba deoarece Transilvania in 1541 intra sub
suzeranitate otoman\uc1 \u259 ? devine principat autonom. Principele este ales de
Dieta si confirmat de sultan.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \uc1 \u206 ?n sec XVII Poarta intra
in criza fiind \uc1 \u238 ?nvins\uc1 \u259 ? la Viena de austrieci. Deoarece
Transilvania e moneda de schimb intre marile puteri in 1688 intra sub domina\uc1
\u539 ?ia habsburgica. Iar in 1867 Austria de va uni cu Ungaria \uc1 \u537 ?i va
intra in domina\uc1 \u539 ?ia Imperiului Habsburgic.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs20
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0
\loch \af0 {\fs20 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha
\aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs20 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs40 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Formarea Tarii Romanesti}{\b1 \fs40
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0
\loch \af0 {\b1 \fs20 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Pentru spatiul de la S de Carpati avem izvorul
istoric: ,,Diploma Cavalerilor Ioaniti\uc1 \u8221 ? adresata de Bella al IV-lea
regele Ungariei. 5 autonomii locale la S de Carpati:}{\b1 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Cnezatul lui Ioan,
Cnezatul lui Farcas, Voievodatul lui Seneslau, Voievodatul lui Litovoi si Tara
Severinului/Banatul de Severin. }{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Aceasta diploma ne aduce informatii pretioase
despre aceasta perioada (neagra a migratiilor). Sunt mentionate mori, pasuni,
iazuri, islazuri- semnele unei economii prospere - dezvoltare economica. Sunt
mentionati mai marii pamantului (maiore terae) dar si rusticii (taranii) -
impartirea in clase sociale. Cavalerii Ioaniti cer sprijin romanilor care aveau o
oaste buna - oragnizare militara - caracteristici ale autonimiilor locale. }
{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha
\aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Invazia tatara in Europa dar si criza
Regatului Maghiar ( criza dinastica) a creat contextul pentru a incepe lupta cu
ungurii. }{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Etapele: 1277-1279 - Voievodul
Litovoi (poate cel din diploma) se ridica impotriva suzerantitaii maghiare. El este
ucis in lupta iar fratele sau Barbat se rascumpara cu o mare suma de bani -
dezoltare economica a acestei autonomii. }{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Traditia
descalecatului (trecerea Carpatiilor / din Transilvania, etapa in constituirea unui
stat) 1291- a fost anihilata autonomia Tarii Fagarasului de catre Andrei al III-lea
regele Ungariei. In aceste conditii Negru Voda sau Radu Voda trece Carpatii si se
instaleaza la Campu Lung. Negru Voda este semi-legendar (dupa unii istorici a
existat, dupa altii nu).}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 1310-1352: Basarab I- Intemeietorul:
Acesta va unifica toate autonomiile locale existente si se va lupta pentru a se
elibera de sub suzeranitatea maghiara. In 1324 intr-un document Basarab este
recunoscut de regalitatea maghiara ca voievodul nostru transalpin. Asta inseamna ca
regalitatea a acceptat si a recunoscut unitatea Tarii Romanesti in schimbul
acceptari suzenranitatii si a intrarii in aria catolica. Mai tarziu intre Basarab
si Carol Robert de Anjou regele Ungariei a inceput conflictul pentru Banatul
Severinului. Acesta devide desfiintarea si ocuparea statului condus de Basrab.
Pentru a evita conflictul, Basarab ii ofera drept rescumpararea pacii 7.000 de
marci de argint( 7 kg de aur). Carol Robert refuza, a ocupat tara si a incendiat
capitala- Curtea de Arges. Basarab avand trupe putine a refuzat lupta si s-a retras
in munti. Negasind armata romana regele a decis retragerea spre Ungaria insa pe
drumul de intoarcere s-a desfasurat Lupta de la Posada (9-11 nov 1330). Romanii
cocotati pe stanci au aruncat cu bolovani in cavaleria maghiara ,,Cronica pictata
de la Viena\uc1 \u8221 ? fiind singurul izovor istoric - Marcus Kalt. Obtind
victoria, obtin si independenta Tarii Romanesti. Regele a fugit imbracat in hainele
unui soldat ( ca un las).}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0
\loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs24 \kerning2
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Exercitiu:
Argumentati ca Tara Romaneasca s-a constiuit ca stat in urma unui conflict
militar.}{\b1 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Urmasii
lui Basarb I au continuat procesul de constituire/consolidare a Tarii Romanesti.}
{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha
\aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Urmasii: Nicolae Alexandru 1352-1364- fiul lui
Basarab}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha
\aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Vladislav Vlaicu 1364-1376 }{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Radu
I 1377-1383 }{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Dan I 1383-1386}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
Mircea cel Batran}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \ls0 \fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Nicolae Alexandru in
1359 si a luat titlul autocrat si in acelasi an a pus bazele mitropoliei ortodoxe
de la Curtea de Arges aducandu-l ca mitropolit pe Jachin. Prin acest fapt el a
respins pretentiile de catolicizare din partea ungurilor, pe plan intern obtinand
un sprijin din partea Bisericii. Prin acestea actiuni a desavarsit teritorial si
institutional ca stat de sine statator.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \ls0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Vlasislav
Vlaicu bate moneda de argint cu numele sau al Tarii si stema vulturului (ducati si
dinari). Infiinteaza al doilea scaun mitropolitan al Severin 1370. 1369- respinge
un prim atac otoman la Dunare. Se recunoaste vasal regelui maghiar Ludovi si
primeste ca feude Severin si Fagarasul. Ofera privilegii negustoriale
comercinatilor brasoveni si se itituleaza IO Vladislav. }{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \ls0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0
{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 Radu I pune baza- Tismana, Cozia si Cotmeana (manasitir) }{\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \ls0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\lang1033 \langnp1033 Dan I- conflict cu Sigismund de Luxemburg }{\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \ls0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \ls0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \ls0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Razboiul rece
si Mihai Viteazu}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \ls0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li420
\culi0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \pnrnot0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright
\lin420 \rin0 \itap0 \ls1 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\af0 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0
\loch \af0 \f1 1. }{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 A inceput imediat dupa terminarea WW2. Dupa cucerirea
Germaniei Nazistea si terminarea celui de al treilea Reich aceasta a fost impartita
in 2. Republica Federal Germana- URSS si Republica Democrat Germana- SUA. A fost un
razboi idelogic intre cele 2 mari puteri ale lumii SUA-URSS. Se numeste Razboi Rece
deoarece nu s-a tinut o lupta fizica folosindu-se arme, oameni ci mai degraba unul
ideologic pe mai multe planuri economic, social, militar, stiintific etc. }
{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \fi720 \cufi0 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\pnrnot0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \ls0 \ilvl254
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 In Romania dupa
sfarsitul WW2 am intrat sub sfera sovietica. Ca si conducator dupa alegerile din 47
pana la moartea sa in anul 1965. In perioada ,,stalinista\uc1 \u8221 ? numita asa
din cauza faptului ca Dej impusese o conducere dependenta de Moscova, Romania a dus
o politica sovietizata respectand ordinele de la Kremlin. In contextul revolutiilor
din Budapeste imptoriva URSS-ului si a conducerii comuniste liderul revolutiei Imre
Nagy a fugit din Budapesta pe teritoriul Romaniei, autoritatile romane prinzandu-l
l-au predat Moscovei. Ca semn de recunostinta Romaniei i s-a acordat o independenta
retragandu-se armatele sovietice stationate pe teritoriul Romaniei. La scurt timp
dupa acordarea independetei Dej a dorit sa rupa relatiile cu Moscova incercand sa
reorienteze implementarea ideologiei socialiste tipice sovietice intr-un socialism
national. La scurt timp acesta moare si la conducerea Partidului Comunist Roman
vine Nicolae Ceausescu. }{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \fi720 \cufi0 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0
\lisa0 \pnrnot0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\ls0 \ilvl254 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
Nicoale Ceausescu a dus un regim national departandu-se de relatiile cu Uniunea
Sovietica incercand apropierea de Occident. Ba chiar a condamnat actiunile
sovieticilor in contextul revoultiei de la Praga ,,Primavara de la Praga\uc1 \u8221
? unde a respins acesul tancurilor si armatelor Uniunii pentru a traversa
Romania. }{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \fi720 \cufi0 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0
\lisa0 \pnrnot0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\ls0 \ilvl254 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\par }\pard \plain \ql \fi0 \cufi0 \li420 \culi0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \pnrnot0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin420 \rin0 \itap0 \ls1 \fs21 \kerning2
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs21
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 \f1 2. }{\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 Mihai
Viteazul- in sec XVI-lea T.R intra sub suzeranitate otomana. Mihai om important in
societatea si politica T.R ban al Olteniei decide sa cumpere de la sultan domnia
tarii. In 1954 acesta incita la rascoala motiv pentru a ucide trupele otomane
stationate in Bucuresti si de asemena isi ucide si creditorii. Deoarece dorea
aderarea
la Liga Sfanta incepe un razboi cu Imperiul Otoman atacand garnizoanele (Giurgiu,
Ruse, Braila) pentru a da credibilitate statelor crestine europene. Mai tarziu
formeaza o delegatie de boieri condusi de mitropolitul Eftemie pentru a negocia cu
Transilvania suzeranitatea. Acesta este considerat un tratat intern deoarece
romanii din T.R si romanii din T incheie intre ei un tratat. Mihai Viteazu devin
loc tiitor in tara sa acceptand suzeranitatea Transilvaniei conduse de Sigismund de
Luxembourg iar ortodocsii din T sunt conddusi de Mitropolia din T.R.}{\fs24
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\par }\pard \plain \ql \fi716 \cufi0 \li420 \culi0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \pnrnot0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin420 \rin0 \itap0 \ls0 \fs21 \kerning2
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 In lupta de la Calugareni impotriva
lui Sinan Pasa pierde tunurile si armata este demoralizata. Pentru a ii imbarbata
pe ostasi Mihai smulge o secure din mana unui soldat si pleaca direct la lupta.
Cuprinis de vitejia conducatorilui armata I se alatura si reusesc sa caputereze
tunurile si steagul vede al otomanilor. Aceasta lupta a fost aleasa strategic pe o
mlastina a raului Najlov. Dandu-si seama ca pierde, Mihai se retrage in munti unde
cere ajutorul T si M. In urmatoarele zile acesta ajunge pana la Ruse alugand si
curatand Bucurestiul, Targovistea si Giurgiu de armata otomana si inceteaza
procesul pornit de otomani de a transforma tara in pasalac. Aceasta infragere a
otomanilor este una dintre cele mai rusinoase din istorie, sultanul denumindu-l pe
Mihau ,,blestemat\uc1 \u8221 ?. }{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \fi716 \cufi0 \li420
\culi0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \pnrnot0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright
\lin420 \rin0 \itap0 \ls0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 A urmat procesul de unire. Dupa invingerea lui Sigismund si tratatul de
la Dealu Mihai Viteazu incepe procesul de unire a tarii. Nemultumiti de faptul ca
Tarile Romane pot deveni o adevarata putere in Balcani acest proces este oprit.
Boierii au cumparat asasinarea lui Mihai Viteazu prin mercenarii generalului Basta.
}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha
\aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \tab In concluzie in sec al XVII-lea turcii au reluat
dominatia peste T.R2 au crescut tributul subsantial.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \fi716
\cufi0 \li420 \culi0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \pnrnot0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum
\adjustright \lin420 \rin0 \itap0 \ls0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }}