Introduction to Flowcharts
Flowcharts: Some commonly used symbols
Process or Flowline or Decision Terminal
Activity Arrow
Flowcharts: Some commonly used symbols
Process or Flowline or Decision Terminal
Activity Arrow
Set of operations that
change the value of
data (variables)
Flowcharts: Some commonly used symbols
Process or Flowline or Decision Terminal
Activity Arrow
Shows the order
of execution of
the program steps
Flowcharts: Some commonly used symbols
Process or Flowline or Decision Terminal
Activity Arrow
Determines which
path the program
will take
Flowcharts: Some commonly used symbols
Process or Flowline or Decision Terminal
Activity Arrow
Indicates the
“Start” or “End”
of the program
Flowchart for counting cards
Flowchart for counting cards
Start When we start, the cards are all assumed
to be in a single pile - called Pile 1
Flowchart for counting cards
Start
Count = 0 We initialise the count variable to 0
Flowchart for counting cards
Start
Count = 0
This is where the iterator starts.
We need to repeat the following steps:
• Pick a card from Pile 1
• Move it into a different pile (say Pile 2)
• Increment the value of count
The iteration stops when Pile 1 is empty
Flowchart for counting cards
Start
Count = 0
We need to pick a card from Pile 1
More cards
But we can do that only if there
in Pile 1?
are more cards in Pile 1 to pick !
Flowchart for counting cards
Start
Count = 0
More cards No (False)
in Pile 1?
Yes (True) Two outcomes are possible here:
Either there are no more cards
(condition = False) or there
are more cards (condition = True)
Flowchart for counting cards
Start
Count = 0
More cards No (False)
End
in Pile 1?
Yes (True) If there are no more cards
we can end the program.
The variable count carries the
required value.
Flowchart for counting cards
Start
Count = 0
More cards No (False)
End
in Pile 1?
Yes (True)
Pick a card X from Pile 1 If there are more cards in Pile 1
we pick a card from the pile.
Lets call this card X
Flowchart for counting cards
Start
Count = 0
More cards No (False)
End
in Pile 1?
Yes (True)
Pick a card X from Pile 1 To make sure that we don't
revisit card X again, we move it
Move X to Pile 2 to Pile 2
Flowchart for counting cards
Start
Count = 0
More cards No (False)
End
in Pile 1?
Yes (True)
Pick a card X from Pile 1
Move X to Pile 2
What should we do after we
Increment count increment the value of count ?
Flowchart for counting cards
Start
Count = 0
More cards No (False)
End
in Pile 1?
We go back
Yes (True)
to the
beginning Pick a card X from Pile 1
of the
iteration ! Move X to Pile 2
Increment count
Summary: Flowchart for counting cards
Start
Initialisation: Put all cards in Pile 1
Count = 0 ｝ and set count to 0
More cards No (False)
End
in Pile 1?
Yes (True)
Iteration Pick a card X from Pile 1 Iterative steps:
Move X to Pile 2
Increment count
｝ • Pick a card
• Move card to Pile 2
• Increment count
Flowchart for Sum of Maths
Marks
Flowchart for counting cards
Start
Count = 0
More cards No (False)
End
in Pile 1?
Yes (True)
Pick a card X from Pile 1
Move X to Pile 2
Increment count
How do we modify this to do Sum of Maths marks?
Start
Count = 0
More cards No (False)
End
in Pile 1?
Yes (True)
Pick a card X from Pile 1
Move X to Pile 2
Increment count
How do we modify this to do Sum of Maths marks?
Start
Initialise Sum to 0
Count = 0
More cards No (False)
End
in Pile 1?
Yes (True)
Pick a card X from Pile 1
Move X to Pile 2
Increment count
How do we modify this to do Sum of Maths marks?
Start
Sum = 0
More cards No (False)
End
in Pile 1?
Yes (True)
Pick a card X from Pile 1
Move X to Pile 2 Add Maths marks
of Card X to Sum
Increment count
How do we modify this to do sum of Maths marks?
Start
Sum = 0
More cards No (False)
End
in Pile 1?
Yes (True)
Rest of the
Pick a card X from Pile 1
flowchart
Move X to Pile 2 remains
Add CardX's Maths score to Sum the same !
Summary: Flowchart for sum of Maths marks
Start
Initialisation: Put all cards in Pile 1
Sum = 0 ｝ and set sum to 0
More cards No (False)
End
in Pile 1?
Yes (True)
Iteration
Pick a card X from Pile 1 Iterative steps:
Move X to Pile 2
｝ • Pick a card
• Move card to Pile 2
• Accumulate in Sum
Add CardX's Maths score to Sum
Summary: Generic flowchart for iteration
Start
Initialise
Unvisited No (False)
End
elements?
Yes (True)
Pick an unvisited element
Mark element as visited
Update variables
