hheducim

malels o
ompuahan co) AutomaBa sugge Vasniou akshacr
The oof machine
Each astvach compuring.
Compulahon,rerexented mahernahcally.
Pima language a
a
a complexi.
penhiculan Cem plexi
veugnizeh
and lim tratimm ofcompulern!
wht auHe furdamental Capabiliken
i s Bushn s kned an Ho ne ort
Tue
Ne anwe

d hoz
hs
aukome, Cnprtai liky & Cmplexr problans
PToblams
a Cay
H i s is b clay
Oliechive ikshalle dn
exilen hes tnplea Preblern is.y i
a

T I s i F h3nd
v no
Comple
Py nsr.
swe
Grpotabil ty> JH derries ohokben (wnpkon tan
bat i t r
Heai bicy
TH Ssluen problem
a

hich r
slveele tnpako. All ke predoms
w alvoble by TM.
an alss
Solvale Capecteou
okiechve otHis clauib uhekben Poben)
Soluable ne
deknkas a Proper hErof
Atomwtat- TH Jeals sih He
mohemahl
modeds Counputaha.

Arr liako
cNcat esia
Suikehn2 Heg
Raboko

AT
b m i l e v Cantiuchan

alelim ng efed
kovs

Aulamaa huory kangwage) anpuahony,Thivd Fdihn

,Rajeev Setery pUllman.
mpntensStience M:shrakchaohasekanan
m LRan: aduchan to fma Janymegd) , Autema hem
 DFA
He shings ds &Ls
and nly
DFA Hak accepb all
, Speciky a

O Somewher in he shring
na have he seguence

F 01, lloo, 0O0 Accepkcd

6, It1, tlo0o Nal-Aaepled
AmSRn 01

Tvamihm Table

d9,001ooo) d(l, o
o),o) ,
8 ( , ) , ) =<

l , Oolooo) )-4
gske
1 l u is evenleng &tegins wih o

a o , 0100, a|d1, O!1 -- - }

Va
H Jeadshke
Acce phiny slate
Cankvuc DFA ha elasing larguage, E -o1
-Swl eds in a 1

-wl ends in a O aCmpty shing-

o v i h He lanyunge doxr:ked lsing-au bmaa.

aba,b 5,
D D 4

Thisepb shs at sant& d wih he Same Symbo.

Cos oFA H lleainglanuager kr E-s»,}
Seb o all shings eganning wih lo
)Sel all srings ending t i h lo
3) sel all srings Canlaining 1ol Substring
a
4)se all srings doen' (ontain ol a subsrig

) S t o

Hon u we cm Say
dend ste a tapshake

MinMin 21o13
skings oolo1, o l -
-

O
2

Min.SHing 1o1
shmgs o tolo, tojo0, Os lote6, - -

--}
- -

ih b non aCephn
accepling sates
y his yoa S e chang
in o acc eptung
and non accephing

)
Cmshruc DFA, Hak accepts s e a l l shings oven Ea,

ength2
) lengh wik alea2.
)legkh toih amask 2
dshrnga oeven lergth.
e sks edd dengt
Peod Shke.

)
sHgs ab, aba, abb, baba - - -

) Ahmest 2 Meaw may lengh L2.Thar means iCan

Can

atcept Ha shrings of lenyh , 1, 2}

sgs 8, a, b, al, ha,aa, bb

stngs-ab, ba, aa, bb, aba, aabl, Labb, baaa

--
a,b

a,
Cmabac PPA, Hhar acceps sel oal shnsoer sa,t's
in uhich lw med 3= o ire mlkplen 3 lerghh sheuld
acceple.

Mia Sing - E, aLa, Lbb,aaa 7Jeryh 3,c,4,|2. - -

Remadndo

Remoindes 2.

Renarden 3 s

me s 20 ie mliple a s

veprerenahiam
on whese bmay
DFA 4 a nunb
Cashuc
y 2
dvisib le
0- 00- O

2 lO.
3 f *

distble b emainden

2 1o

3 o
t1od 1

Nore
Hee ype prables
mn wil
dependingn M humen,NokSlek Cme 1C
 Bmany Repreenaion divisible by 5

O Remainden

x
9000 3
3-) 001

PFA uhich aceps shng stominy-& enbory wi different

Gmasbue
1 ) Costmcd

pnbol ncahinaian

abbaba

shas& eds aik Sane Symbo

DFA a
12) Consrmek DFA in ahich evony 'aiouwed y bL

alb, aalh, aabL

(Cashuct DFA in which eveny a is

nevOn llowed

aven g«4Y*

Cmhuc PFA c h aueps sring a m 21

alr al's & ts shald e

ualen han e n a toae.
Here a

I means hee noa a llosey nao b's a t c epkel.

a , aaabbb, aabb
-- -

Peadstake.
a,b

, E , b , aaa , oal-
(4 a W
zi)
abc,abc, a bb ec

a,bC

Cvoss Radad Method

Ehoaa's edd
af as odu
2)ns- o's even )ns-a as Odd
no.adr a's even ne s ol.
na-a s evan
ne a bseven

no a as even

no-a bS een

Cane o Even a's & Even bs ee

eo
Cael -> Eeren a's k odd s
s
Ca e32 old a's & even
Cede esd a's odd s 00

b T n lien icD ae 1 mako ee

ee eo she
TP e annhon is case co
is He nalstke

oe 00
depeudangn he qnuhon.
 d's disible by3noek 's
dvisile yy 33
no o

Nalw)madz=o & Nlo) mod

o

-w)w Elatu)X Such a

R namben
2dios? evenand Ha nuben
Ap na mod
o

>A) ) ots
o ds mudkde
A a mad =
mod = 2
Az a
Bo- mod :0
namod
=
|
B
b
AoBo b

(A,be

A Po

1S
 eveve
intenprchd in
T ser al shvingA, ahen

binay inkgen is divisible y5 O. 0

I01 1ZS2h

to 2S -

4- 100247S- 9
Slo1-szs> b

7-1
8-100o 9%S-
S-4
lo 1olo
wtn m YesON Me ous eep
uhen shashnysy shte p
e evee.

.
 N FA

Pini te aubman has He t be in sevenal s t e

A nondelevminis hc poen
b uM"
a mce The abiliy is olen exoeue! n on abiliy
Sonething abouk its inpu

J a n n auomatan is wed h tanch Jr cenraan seuenten o

chanacte in osn teut shi,il helpf "gueu"

ahase stvings and
he we are a he eginrin one

slaat chec kng e sequente. Exasive Seonec h[o)

Ex
Por
BackTracking Ses

Towma Dekimihn
ke Prmite
aukomaran is S-uple (o,E, dla, F)
Anndelenminis

Pinite et f sbles
Pinike inpur alphabe
A x E > PÍO) is a
hramihan fuhtin
PCO- ruselé
skatte
FFinstake FC

sekef Accepkxy shakes.

Strings har have mb)Iin he

uhich accephs enocly hose
NFA
SeCon Posihin
 ()

miden Mu aoeve nple uhich Me anuayu aceptcl y

he machme s m21
a
Fr e Same He PFA an be Srawn á Blas

niden H* NFA wmich mtuins a llased hy neol s

a aa bb

(shek)
che
GhHek)

Tronih Table
kended Tyariian fundian
re hon
S" ke a shake 4and ashring o inpul smbos to and
in i ik sats im sake z
shakcs Hak Ha NFA
H se of
and eceme He string .

Ma string aaa bb
er w wme 0 P Procenin
! Csaaabb

dl,a)= o ,
4,}
3 ( o ,a) (sa,3, a)-i,43of
2oa)=8(#'lt4, ),):
?tt}
d(Z,3,a)=
, aaa)- 8(%, 4)0 o,W=
duss
S/{2o, 4.3, 1) =

&n,aaab)-

he set Hen i-is areptal.

Pnas stke
see
will
I o

Tn languag NEA NFA, Rey

an nFA,
an
Hey

iP A>(®,E,S, 2,F)
fumally

gm* suchhat
g such Hhat
w
strmgs
se-
Ja) is h« stake.
Thek is, accephhg
ne
leat
9 , ) Cmtun a
NFA o
kcept He Annyang :}wiw ods wik
o

accepr

2 e ds P s-«.Lc}

ol

nde llany nndelomimiyhie

(
shngp hak
shnb i k eiken o
J acceps
11
ending s eihor 0o (a

u a se acepted b NF AM), Men lan ke

Cnclwjn

gu accepe by a DFAM
 NFA- DFA Cnvernion
Alhaugh ou are mAn languagun uhic
an
An NFA S eaien to ntuek han a DFA, uth m e Janguage shringg

har end in Ol, iE is a

SnpyiSn Pat Hhar vey languug1 thok tan b
dencvbed y Some NFA Can ass e enribed by Some DFA.

Moreoven He DFA In vactre ha adou o many sakes a)

NFA hugh il- dlon hon MoYe aanhhms. He wust cne

" sakes whle le Smallel FA ha
houseven Ka smdleB ÞFA
hd n nshkes v ha Same angnag,

( tvut NFA A«ephing Ha setof all sBmn whose &etond Jas

rssymbol
Cmvent NFA n to DFA
1,0

1,0

He eanNalent DFA Cm tains 2"shbe

NFA Cmain n staken
stantsfes
hat CM mm
bu in hak many stuken ane

elmnahe.
Hua se
hase we gOng t

, NFA.

Eauraea DFA A A

B D
AC A
o,}|$1,},4, p cD
1)4j|

D1
 VPA H olow ng NFA

$t3t.t
,

NFA
equivalear PFA v Polomg
loong NFA

3 uc

3 1.4)

n,4)3,s3,1
'y o,

to
Flale

(1
a

SalyS3
 Finite Aahmara wih Epsi lan Tyamitim
de shud nad mhedure Anohen eateniion ofha nite adhmatan
allau haniin m
EM
Te nes Featwre is that we a
bn
h make hai hin spen f
An NFA is aluwed
a

ep sh mg
shatve(eN mg An imau spmbi).

S-NFA a(tep m Jecima nymber

Co-

t 123 123, j1233. R3 1S

Eclox () (wEkn -clue

E-dose a shle g ksmg al haniims du of 2
mlabelal E. han we get o sen satej by k|losng E,
tAe l e Ke Fhamitos h e l e s ke) ana Sn

everuay hndn evay she hat can be Yeached Hom9

whase s ane lbeled E
olsny any Poth

, 343
Felut) : ,
Ta stake is ado rachee ihrE aa

S - > 6 t e h na mu tanM
 yAh lable
el n
Gnpele"(1, )
Eclet)
8 ( , E):4,4}
Ernpale Prs &"(4», s)
) Compuke &(%, E)-.,
"}

EClsse
Feke( ) , 5) to ,
Echse( %s) J Sla,s)

Fchse (.0 St 43
Fehse(44)= F,
Gnpoke net(,s-)
Cam puke 8(u,s)
) & ) Fehe ((sh3, ))
Frehue(8(8},)
Fehse,4)
Fclese(u)u Fosels),1s,
-)de en ( s )

8 s - Flkse (8(9,,),e)
Fese ( )
s,ts)
 NFA t FA wi
le(9.)- ,
Frlese(e)-
Fesela)-Fu)
Edse (as)- $%,2)
Felese (ra) -Sea}

Felee( 8fth Friuel),a))

Fclese (I, 4],a)
Fe hse (,a: l,
e e capuke

,61)
, 31)
e Some hwe (gde s t1,C-a)
1,)
(1,C-a)

NFA E-les
A

C
 Eclscu Ecls Erlasa
A
A A

((Echse),0)
Edee
&lp,)=
Exsnple2 ) | Ecle.
Fdse
ABD AG ¢D)
Eclose
B
A A c
B,0
B e
Fa
Eclse ()Eclse
A A,B0D D
1 28, P
A SR D

PIED
 '

A , a) Fele(MFrbrdhd), a)
Fclse to,e, ?«),a)
else (4) [t,
&: Ecoe({te,, ).1)
Eclse(h l 4
t,c): Elee( B(tu%,a) , c).

p.le t(ea))a)

Ecllg)-g
Ede ,),u)
Eclse ()
eclae( ( , , )
else( 8).a)-
 Comiden f Pllomg £-NFA ch allepsshmgs wh:k
m
3
Same se 6's esepemted by
a
sho oflenzth i,20

Elss ) eo, z

Fclsu (): §a3

Eel sef

n4/ 1