1

Sustainable Design Importance

 Sustainable design creates solutions that solve the

economic, social, and environmental challenges of
the project simultaneously, and these solutions are
powered
 By sustainable energies. The combined beauty and
function of the design make it something that
endures and is cherished; endurance and beauty are
central to sustainable thinking. The underlying quest
is that if the “get-to” place is sustainability, it is way
past a discussion on energy efficiency
 Principles for Designing Sustainably

 Connectivity
: Design to reinforce the relationship between
the project, the site, the community, and the
ecology. Make minimal changes to the natural
system functioning. Reinforce and steward those
natural characteristics specific to the pla

 Indigenous
Design with and for what has been resident and
sustainable on the site for centuries.

 Long life, loose fit:

Design for future generations while reflecting
past generations
Stratigies for Sustainable Design
1- Site and Land use.
2- Community.
3- Health& Well being.
4- Material.
5- Energy.
6- Water.
Week 3
Monday 17.9.2018

8
Last Week
Introduction to

Sustainability
This Lecture

10
1
Smart building
11
Smart building:

A smart building “is any structure that uses

automated processes to automatically control
the building’s operations including heating,
ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, security
and other systems.” Siemens
Smart building:

A smart building uses sensors, actuators and

microchips, in order to collect data and manage
it according to a business’ functions and
services. This infrastructure helps owners,
operators and facility managers improve asset
reliability and performance, which reduces
energy use, optimizes how space is used and
minimizes the environmental impact of
buildings.
The creation of a smart building

Making a smart building, or making a building

smart, begins by linking core systems such as
lighting, power meters, water meters, pumps,
heating, fire alarms and chiller plants with
sensors and control systems. At a more
advanced stage, even elevators, access systems
and shading can become part of the system.

14
15
16
17
2
Eco-building
18
Eco-building:

It is “a building that has been made in a way that

does not harm the environment.”

or “The activity of making buildings that do not

harm the environment.”
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
3
Green-building
27
28
Green building:

A ‘green’ building is a building that, in its

design, construction or operation, reduces or
eliminates negative impacts, and can create
positive impacts, on our climate and natural
environment. Green buildings preserve precious
natural resources and improve our quality of
life.
Green building:

Green building (also known as green

construction or sustainable building) refers to
both a structure and the application of
processes that are environmentally responsible
and resource-efficient throughout a building's
life-cycle: from planning to design,
construction, operation, maintenance,
renovation, and demolition.
Green building:
There are a number of features which can make a building ‘green’.
These include:

• Efficient use of energy, water and other resources

• Use of renewable energy, such as solar energy
• Pollution and waste reduction measures, and the enabling of re-
use and recycling
• Good indoor environmental air quality
• Use of materials that are non-toxic, ethical and sustainable
• Consideration of the environment in design, construction and
operation
• Consideration of the quality of life of occupants in design,
construction and operation
• A design that enables adaptation to a changing environment
4
Sustainable building
32
Sustainable building:

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA) stated that “sustainable building is the
practice of creating structures by using
processes that are environmentally responsible,
resource efficient and impact minimizing in
their life cycle from siting to deconstruction
(EPA, 2008).
Sustainable building:
“Or”
A sustainable building has been defined as “a
building with high efficiency in the use of
energy, water and materials, and reduced
impacts on the health and the environment
through better siting, design, construction,
operation, maintenance and removal
throughout its life cycle (Cassidy, 2003).
35
 5
“Green building”
vs
“Sustainable building”
The Difference between Green and Sustainable

36
Though the words “green” and “sustainable”
are often used interchangeably, there are
several differences between them, meaning
that a “green” building is not always
“sustainable."

37
The terms ‘green’ and ‘sustainable’ design are
often used interchangeably as if referring to
similar building standards and environmental
outputs. The scope of sustainable design, however,
covers a far greater, more detailed scope of
considerations, analysis, and prerequisites than
that of green building.

Unfortunately, sustainability is often devalued

and distorted due to the commercialization and
marketing of the green ‘movement’.

38
A building is green
when it helps reduce
the footprint it leaves
on the natural
environment and on
the health of its
inhabitants.

39
For Example:

The recognition of a building’s design as ‘green’ is based solely on its ability to

reduce harmful impacts on the environment using more efficient, active, energy
systems.

The implementation of these technologies provides its users with energy at a far
lower cost through renewable sources (e.g. installation of solar panels and wind
turbines).

However, in turn, that lower cost tends to make tenants less mindful of their energy
use. This increases efficiency, lowering costs and increasing demand and rate of
consumption – a phenomenon known as “Jevons” Paradox.

The design of green buildings is concerned with the methods of energy supply once
constructed and in full operation, while the impacts of pre- and post-
construction are ignored.

In this way, it misses the past and future component of environmental

consciousness, as well as the ‘people factor’ of architecture.
40
While:

Sustainable Design and the 3P’s: People, Planet, and Profit

“As an architect, you design for the present, with an awareness of the past, for
a future which is essentially unknown” – Norman Foster

Sustainable design encompasses all elements of the environment within

the past, present, and future.

Often referred to as the ‘triple bottom line’ method or TBL, it looks at a

building’s environmental impact as it pertains to the social (structure and
networks), environment (built and natural), and economic situation of its
context.

To achieve sustainability in architecture we must consider the concept of

energy in this manner – more broadly, covering all its consequential and
embodied factors.

41
Building life cycle

Building life cycle refers to the view of a building

over the course of its entire life.

In other words, viewing it not just as an

operational building, but also taking into
account the design, construction, operation,
demolition and waste treatment.

It is useful to use this view when attempting to

improve an operational feature of a building that
is related to how a building was designed.
42
43
44
The large use of environmentally-related criteria
for the sustainability of a building generates the
necessity of clarifying the differences between
the concepts of green and sustainable buildings.
The next table compares the major issues of
green buildings and sustainable ones,
readapting information in UNEP.

45
46
In summary, the main differences consist of the
economic and social dimensions of the
sustainability, which only apply to sustainable
buildings.

Sustainable buildings enlarge the boundaries

and increase the requirements of green ones
because they aim at satisfying all dimensions of
sustainability.

47
48
49
All approaches are aiming
to achieve less ecological
footprint.

50
51
Conclusion

52
53
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Week 4

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

For more Information please refer to the next books in

the library, and the given readings & videos.

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Last Week
Is there a difference between Sustainable Buildings, Green
Buildings, Smart Buildings…etc.?

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

This Lecture

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

1
Sustainable building
Dr. Mohammad Refaat
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Sustainable building:

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA) stated that “sustainable building is the
practice of creating structures by using
processes that are environmentally responsible,
resource efficient and impact minimizing in
their life cycle from siting to deconstruction
(EPA, 2008).

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Sustainable building:
“Or”
A sustainable building has been defined as “a
building with high efficiency in the use of
energy, water and materials, and reduced
impacts on the health and the environment
through better siting, design, construction,
operation, maintenance and removal
throughout its life cycle (Cassidy, 2003).

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Building life cycle

Building life cycle refers to the view of a building
over the course of its entire life.

In other words, viewing it not just as an

operational building, but also taking into
account the design, construction, operation,
demolition and waste treatment.

It is useful to use this view when attempting to

improve an operational feature of a building that
is related to how a building was designed.
More information: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-uZP1r9mEU
Dr. Mohammad Refaat
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

More information, General example for “Life-cycle Analyses (LCA”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RNnzfUHwY8 Dr. Mohammad Refaat
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Sustainable Design Importance

 Sustainable design creates solutions that solve
the economic, social, and environmental
challenges of the project simultaneously, and
these solutions are powered by sustainable
energies.
 It combined beauty and function of the design
make it something that endures and is
cherished; endurance and beauty are central to
sustainable thinking.
 The underlying quest is that if the “get-to” place
is sustainability,it is way past a discussion on
energy efficiency
Dr. Mohammad Refaat
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Principles for Designing Sustainably

 Connectivity
: Design to reinforce the relationship between the project,
the site, the community, and the ecology. Make minimal
changes to the natural system functioning. Reinforce and
steward those natural characteristics specific to the place.

 Indigenous
Design with and for what has been resident and
sustainable on the site for centuries.

 Long life, loose fit:

Design for future generations while reflecting past
generations

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

2
Sustainable Buildings:
An integrated design Approach
Dr. Mohammad Refaat
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Sustainable building:

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA) stated that “sustainable building is the
practice of creating structures by using
processes that are environmentally responsible,
resource efficient and impact minimizing in
their life cycle from siting to deconstruction
(EPA, 2008).

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Sustainable Design

Passive Sustainable Active

Design Materials Design

An integrated design Approach for achieving sustainable building

Dr. Mohammad Refaat
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Sustainable Design

Passive Sustainable Active

Design Materials Design

Passive Design Active Design

Application Applications
examples examples
Passive Heating , Passive Cooling - Solar Energy Direct uses:
, Daylighting
Solar Thermal Energy
Photovoltaic.
Wind Energy , Water Energy ,
Dr.Biomass.
Mohammad Refaat
Geothermal Energy ,
Tidal Energy
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Passive Solar Design

A passive solar system does not involve
mechanical devices or the use of
conventional energy sources beyond that
needed to regulate dampers and other

+
controls, if any. Classic examples of basic
passive solar structures are greenhouses,
sunrooms and solariums

Sustainable Materials

+ Active Solar Design

Active solar systems use external
sources of energy to power blowers,
pumps and other types of equipment
to collect, store and convert solar
energy. Dr. Mohammad Refaat
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Passive building design maximizes

the use of ‘natural’ sources of heating,
cooling and ventilation to create
comfortable conditions inside buildings. It
harness environmental conditions such as
solar radiation, cool night air and air
pressure differences to drive the internal
environment. Passive measures do not
involve mechanical or electrical systems.

Active building design makes use of

active building services systems to create
comfortable conditions, such as boilers
and chillers, mechanical ventilation,
electric lighting and so on.

http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Passive_building_design Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Sustainable Materials
A sustainable material is any
material that can be put to
effective use in the present
without compromising its
availability for use by latter
generations. A sustainable
material's use is within the
brackets of a sustainable
system, which in turn refers to
practices that benefit and
replenish the well-being of
humans and the general
environment.

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

3
Sustainable Buildings:
An integrated design Approach
Examples
Dr. Mohammad Refaat
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Surry Hills Library

& Community Center Sydney

Example for a sustainable building

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Designed for sustainability

The Surry Hills Library and Community

Centre has been designed to achieve
excellence in sustainable design and
set new benchmarks in environmental
performance for multi-purpose public
buildings.

http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/vision/better-infrastructure/buildings-and-facilities/completed/surry-hills-library-and-community-centre
Dr. Mohammad Refaat
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Growing fresh air Water conservation

The building has a unique air quality system using
natural filtering properties of plants. Air is naturally
Rainwater will be collected, treated and re-
cooled under the building, reducing the need for used for the flushing of toilets and irrigation,
artificial cooling by some 50%. watering the atrium plants and Collins Street
The process works like this: Reserve lawn.
•Air is drawn in at the top of the atrium
•The air passes through special plants acting as This will save over 620,000L of water.
‘passive’ filters
•Air then flows under the building where its
temperature is conditioned by a thermal labyrinth, a All tap fixtures are touch sensitive and plant
series of high thermal-mass rock baskets equipment will be air-cooled not water-
•From here, the filtered and cooled air flows cooled.
throughout the different levels of the building.
Sustainable building materials
Saving energy

Design features to achieve significant savings in Building materials have been selected for their
energy usage: durability and sustainability:
High levels of natural lighting throughout the •A post-tensioning structural system that
building and daylight controlled light fixtures reduces the quantity of concrete required for
Large louvre façade which moves and ‘tracks’ the structural framing
sun to control internal glare and heat levels
Natural grasses on the roof to reduce energy loss
•Use of alternative materials to PVC for
Movement controlled lighting for public and work plumbing and electrical services
spaces •Finishes that contain low levels of products
Solar roof panels to provide supplementary power to which harm the environment such as volatile
the building. organic compounds (VOCs)
•Timber products sourced from sustainable
Dr. Mohammad Refaat
forests.
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Masdar city Abu Dhabi

Example for a sustainable building

Masdar City, the world’s The headquarters will be the world’s first large-scale,
mixed-use “positive energy” building, producing more
first zero-carbon, zero- energy than it consumes. In addition to being the
waste city fully powered location of Masdar HQ, the building will accommodate
by renewable energy private residences and ‘early bird’ businesses starting up
in the city. (Norman
Foster)

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

More Examples
Dr. Mohammad Refaat
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Conclusion

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Sustainable Buildings: An integrated design approach,
Examples

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 Sustainable Design

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•Does not deplete non-
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renewable (natural)
, Daylighting
resources. Solar Thermal Energy
•Has no adverse impact on
the environment when used. Photovoltaic.
Wind Energy , Water Energy ,
Biomass. Geothermal Energy ,
Tidal Energy
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 Sustainable Design

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Passive building design
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What is “Bioclimatic Architecture”?
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Passive Design:
Passive Cooling
42
 t
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Interesting Topic “Roof and walls design by climatic zone”:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ouvk9t5T9X4

43
Passive cooling
……is a building design approach that focuses on heat
gain control and heat dissipation in a building in order to
improve the indoor thermal comfort with low or no energy

t
consumption.

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This approach works either by preventing heat from

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entering the interior (heat gain prevention) or by removing

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heat from the building (natural cooling).

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Natural cooling utilizes on-site energy, available from the
natural environment, combined with the architectural
design of building components (e.g. building envelope),
rather than mechanical systems to dissipate heat.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_cooling
44
 D
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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 D
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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 D
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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 D
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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 D
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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 D
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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 D
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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 t
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy

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More Information: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8lATX7PV_tU
 D
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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 D
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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 1.c

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Passive Design:
Day lighting (Natural Lighting)
57
Daylighting

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…..is the practice of placing windows, other openings, and

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reflective surfaces so that sunlight (direct or indirect) can

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provide effective internal lighting. Particular attention is

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given to daylighting while designing a building when the

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aim is to maximize visual comfort or to reduce energy use.

D
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_cooling

58
 D
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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 D
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oh
am
m
ad
R
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aa
Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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 D
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oh
am
m
ad
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ef
aa
Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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 D
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aa
Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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 D
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ad
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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 D
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oh
am
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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 D
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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 D
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
t
 Light tube.
D
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R
67

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 D
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68
Light shelves

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69
Light shelves

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m
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70

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aa
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 D
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am
m
ad
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aa
Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
t
 D
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oh
am
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ad
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aa
Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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 D
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ad
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy
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 Conclusion

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75

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78

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 Intersecting Topic:
SOLAR TUBES (Light Tubes)
More information: https://www.house-energy.com/Skylights/Tubular.htm
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V9jncUzOL8I

t
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80

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 t
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r.
Note:

D
This educational materials was collected from many web
recourses and references for educational purpose only.
No one should use it for commercial purpose without a
permission from the original Copyright holder.
No one should use this presentation without a written
permeation from Dr. Mohammad Refaat.
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

1
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Week 6

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

2
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

For more Information please refer to the next books in

the library, and the given readings & videos.

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

3
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Last Week
Sustainable Building Design 1: Passive design

Passive building design

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Last Week
Sustainable Building Design 1: Passive design
Important Terms:

• Bioclimatic Architecture
• Passive Heating
• Solar Gain: Direct and Indirect
• Air Infiltration, and Infiltration Losses
• Hybrid Systems
• Passive Cooling
• Ventilation
• Evaporating Cooling
• Radiative Cooling
• Day lighting (Natural Lighting)
• Difference between Illumination and Lighting
• Perimeter Daylighting and Core Daylighting
• Light shelves
• Light Tubes
Dr. Mohammad Refaat
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Sustainable Design

Passive Sustainable Active

Design Materials Design

An integrated design Approach for achieving sustainable building

Dr. Mohammad Refaat
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Sustainable Design

Passive Sustainable Active

Design Materials Design

Passive Design A sustainable Active Design

Application material is one Applications
examples that: examples
•Does not deplete non-
Passive Heating , Passive Cooling - Solar Energy Direct uses:
renewable (natural)
, Daylighting
resources. Solar Thermal Energy
•Has no adverse impact on
the environment when used. Photovoltaic.
Wind Energy , Water Energy ,
Dr. Mohammad
Biomass. Refaat
Geothermal Energy ,
Tidal Energy
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Remember ….

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

8
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy

 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy

 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Source: Alex Kahl, Passive solar energy

 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

This Lecture

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

1
Active Design
Dr. Mohammad Refaat
13
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Sustainable Design

Passive Sustainable Active

Design Materials Design

An integrated design Approach for achieving sustainable building

Dr. Mohammad Refaat
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Active building design

……. makes use of active building services
systems to create comfortable conditions,
such as boilers and chillers, mechanical
ventilation, electric lighting and so on. .

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Active Solar Design

For example, Active solar systems use
external sources of energy to power
blowers, pumps and other types of
equipment to collect, store and convert
solar energy.

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

What “BIPV” , “UIPV”, “BIRE”, and “UIRE”?

(BIPV) Building-integrated photovoltaics are photovoltaic materials that are
used to replace conventional building materials in parts of the building envelope
such as the roof, skylights, or facades.

They are increasingly being incorporated

into the construction of new buildings as a
principal or ancillary source of electrical
power, although existing buildings may be
retrofitted with similar technology. The
advantage of integrated photovoltaics
over more common non-integrated
systems is that the initial cost can be
offset by reducing the amount spent on
building materials and labor that would
normally be used to construct the part of
the building that the BIPV modules
replace. These advantages make BIPV
one of the fastest growing segments of
the photovoltaic industry.

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

More information: https://www.wbdg.org/resources/building-integrated-photovoltaics-bipv
17
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

What “BIPV” , “UIPV”, “BIRE”, and “UIRE”?

(BIPV) Building-integrated photovoltaics are photovoltaic materials that are
used to replace conventional building materials in parts of the building envelope
such as the roof, skylights, or facades.

(BIPV) Building-Integrated Photovoltaics

(UIPV) Urban-Integrated Photovoltaics

(BIRE) Building-Integrated Renewable energy

(UIRE) Urban-Integrated Renewable energy

More information: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBoG0Medyfo Dr. Mohammad Refaat

18
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

2
Active Design:
Building Active Design
Applications
Dr. Mohammad Refaat
19
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Building Active Design

Sustainable Sustainable Sustainable

Etc.
Energy water Systems waste Systems

This will be cover in next lectures

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

20
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Passive Design vs Active Design

Passive Design Active Design

Definition Infrastructure, Infrastructure, architecture and

architecture and devices devices that use or produce
that achieve a result by electricity to achieve a result.
directly using natural
forces without first
converting it to
electricity.

Examples Passive Heating Solar Panels

Passive Cooling Wind Turbines
Green Roofs District Heating
Rain Gardens Deep Water Cooling

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

3
Active Design:
Sustainable Energy Definition
Dr. Mohammad Refaat
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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Source: Iqbal Hossain, Sustainable Energy

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Source: Iqbal Hossain, Sustainable Energy

 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Source: Iqbal Hossain, Sustainable Energy

 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Sustainable Energy-A new approach

The Key Issues of The Future of Energy in Cities
Three key issues will define the shape and future of energy
in cities

Sustainable Energy
Energy sources that do not
pollute the atmosphere, water
and soils in irreparable or
harmful ways.

Source: M. Refaat, 2002.

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Sustainable energy… is a form of energy that meet our

today’s demand of energy without putting them in danger
of getting expired or depleted and can be used over and
over again.
Sustainable energy should be widely encouraged as it do
not cause any harm to the environment and is available
widely free of cost.

Therefore, all renewable energy sources like solar, wind,

geothermal, hydropower and ocean energy are
sustainable as they are stable and available in plenty.

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

4
Active Design:
Sustainable Energy Sources
and Application Dr. Mohammad Refaat
42
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development

Since the energy crisis of the 1970s, the dynamic

interaction between energy systems and community
development has been a subject of notable interest. There
was a belief that “at all levels of special resolution, from
local to regional scale, energy systems influence special
structure, and land-use patterns in part determine levels
of energy consumption. An important implication of this
relationship is that land-use policies may have significant
consequences for future energy consumption” (Owen,
1988).

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Recently, Droege (2002) claimed that two major dangers

will confront the world's cities and city regions within this
exiting and coming generations, threaten the global urban
system as a whole: fossil fuel depletion and man-made
climate change. There is little disagreement in the current
literature that if these are not swiftly and effectively met,
their impacts will deeply affect all industrial world and
mega-city systems and hit hard the fast-growing, major
urban agglomerations of the developing world.

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

44
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Sustainability indicators for three energy scenarios in 2020 and 2100 compared with 1990
Indicator of sustainability 1990 Scenario A3 Scenario B ScenarioC1
Eradicating poverty Low Very high Medium Very high

Reducing relative income gaps Low High Medium Very high

Providing universal access to Low Very high High Very high
energy
Increasing affordability of energy Low High Medium Very high
Reducing adverse health impacts Medium Very high High Very high
Reducing air pollution Medium Very high High Very high
Limiting long-lived radionuclide Medium Very low Very low High
Limiting toxic materials Medium High Low High
Limiting GHG emissions Low High Low Very High
Raising indigenous energy use Medium High Low Very High
Improving supply efficiency Medium Very high High Very High
Increasing end-use efficiency Low High Medium Very High
Accelerating technology diffusion Low Very high Medium Medium

Source: Venema ,2004, p.9

Dr. Mohammad Refaat
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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Projected atmospheric concentrations and temperature increases for IIASA-WEC scenarios. 46
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Renewable Energy Non-Renewable Energy

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Summary of non-energy benefits that can add value to PV systems

Source: Kurokawa, 2003.
Category Potential values
Architectural Substitute building component; multi-function potential for insulation, waterproofing, fire protection,
wind protection, acoustic control, delighting, shading, thermal collection and dissipation; aesthetic
appeal through colour, transparency, non-reflective surfaces; reduced embodied energy of the
building; reflection of electromagnetic waves; reduced building maintenance and roof
replacements.

Socio-economical New industries, products and markets; local employment for installation and servicing; local choice,
resource use and control; potential for solar breeders; short construction lead-times; modularity
improves demand matching; resource diversification; reduced fuel imports; reduced price volatility;
deferment of large capital outlays for central generating plant or transmission and distribution line
upgrades; urban renewal; rural development; lower externalities (environmental impact, social
dislocation, infrastructure requirements) than fossil fuels and nuclear; reduced fuel transport costs
and pollution from fossil-fuel use in rural areas; reduced risks of nuclear accidents; symbol for
sustainable development and associated education; potential for international co-operation,
collaboration and long-term aid to developing countries.

Environmental Significant net energy generator over its lifetime; reduced air emissions of particulates, heavy
metals, C02, N0x, S0x, resulting in lower greenhouse gases; reduced acid rain and lower smog
levels; reduced power station land and water use; reduced impact of urban development; reduced
tree clearing for fuel; reduced nuclear safety risks.

Electrical kWh generated; kW capacity value; peak generation and load matching value; reduction in demand
for utility electricity; power in times of emergency; grid support for rural lines; reduced transmission
and distribution losses; improved grid reliability and resilience; voltage control; smoothing load
fluctuations; filtering harmonics and reactive power compensation.
Dr. Mohammad Refaat
56
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Renewable Energy Resources Applications

Active Renewable Energy Resources Applications:
- Solar Energy Direct uses:
Solar Thermal Energy
Photovoltaic.
- Solar Energy Indirect Uses: Wind Energy , Water Energy , Biomass.
- Non-Solar Renewables: Geothermal Energy , Tidal Energy

Passive Renewable Energy Resources Applications:

Passive Heating , Passive Cooling , Daylighting

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Active Renewable Energy Resources Applications:

They are those applications developed to generate heat or

electricity. They contain all forms of renewable energy in
three categories.

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

58
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

A ) Solar Energy: Direct uses

Solar radiation can be converted into useful energy
directly, in various forms of energies and using various
technologies.

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

59
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

A ) Solar Energy: Direct Applications

Solar radiation can be converted into useful energy
directly, in various forms of energies and using various
technologies.

Solar Energy: Direct App.

Combined Heat
Solar Thermal
Photovoltaic (PV) and power solar
Energy
(CHP)system
Hybrid photovoltaic-
thermal solar systems

Combined heating,
cooling and power
Dr. Mohammad Refaat
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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

1. Solar Thermal Energy

It is a technology for transforming solar energy to heat.
Solar thermal collectors are divided into low, medium, or
high temperature collectors.

High temperature Medium temperature Low temperature

Thermal applications Thermal applications Thermal applications

Large scale Power Industrial App. Domestic App.

production

(>400°C) 80–250°C max. 65–80°C

Dr. Mohammad Refaat
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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

2. Photovoltaic (PV)
“The term photovoltaic energy is used to describe those
processes in which solar radiation is converted directly to
electricity without first being converted to heat or chemical
forms. It is based on the property of certain solid materials
(the semiconductors) to generate electrical current when
illuminated by light”

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Combined Heat and power solar (CHP)system

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Combined Heat and power solar (CHP)system

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

What “BIPV” , “UIPV”, “BIRE”, and “UIRE”?

(BIPV) Building-integrated photovoltaics are photovoltaic materials that are
used to replace conventional building materials in parts of the building envelope
such as the roof, skylights, or facades.

They are increasingly being incorporated

into the construction of new buildings as a
principal or ancillary source of electrical
power, although existing buildings may be
retrofitted with similar technology. The
advantage of integrated photovoltaics
over more common non-integrated
systems is that the initial cost can be
offset by reducing the amount spent on
building materials and labor that would
normally be used to construct the part of
the building that the BIPV modules
replace. These advantages make BIPV
one of the fastest growing segments of
the photovoltaic industry.

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

More information: https://www.wbdg.org/resources/building-integrated-photovoltaics-bipv
66
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

What “BIPV” , “UIPV”, “BIRE”, and “UIRE”?

(BIPV) Building-integrated photovoltaics are photovoltaic materials that are
used to replace conventional building materials in parts of the building envelope
such as the roof, skylights, or facades.

(BIPV) Building-Integrated Photovoltaics

(UIPV) Urban-Integrated Photovoltaics

(BIRE) Building-Integrated Renewable energy

(UIRE) Urban-Integrated Renewable energy

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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

b) Solar Energy: Indirect Uses

Solar radiation can be converted to useful energy
indirectly, via other energy forms.

Solar Energy: Indirect App.

Biomass Hydropower
Wind Energy Etc.
Energy Energy

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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

1. Wind Energy
Wind energy, in common with other renewable resources,
is broadly available, but diffuse. It was widely used as a
source of power before the industrial revolution.

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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Bahrain World Trade Centre

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Bahrain World Trade Centre

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Pearl river tower, China Dr. Mohammad Refaat

74
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Oklahoma home: building

integrated wind power
system

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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Integrating micro wind turbines to the built environment in urban

setting

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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

2. Biomass Energy
With reference to the WEC definitions (WEC, 1994)
biomass is a term used in the context of energy to define a
range of products derived from photosynthesis. Annually,
through photosynthesis, solar energy equivalent to several
times the world's annual use of energy is stored in the
leaves, stems and branches of plants.

Biomass energy can be generated by many methods such

as; direct combustion of forest residues, co-firing with coal
at existing coal plant, anaerobic digester gas with waste
from pig farm , anaerobic digester gas from sewage
treatment, and landfill gas (as communities develop)
(Renegy Holdings,2007).
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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Building Integrated “Biomass Energy Heating System”

Dr. Mohammad Refaat
81
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

3. Hydropower Energy
Humankind has used the energy of
falling water for many centuries, at
first in mechanical form and since the
late 19th century by further conversion
to electrical energy. Historically,
hydropower was developed on a small
scale to serve localities in the vicinity
of the plants. With the expansion and
increasing load transfer capability of
transmission networks, power
generation was concentrated in larger
units, and to benefit from the
economies resulting from
development on a larger scale. Dr. Mohammad Refaat
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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

c) Non-Solar Renewables
They are sources of renewable energy that do not depend
on solar radiation. They are including geothermal and
tidal energy.

Non-Solar Renewables App.

Geothermal Energy Tidal Energy

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

1. Geothermal Energy:
Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth. It's clean
and sustainable. Resources of geothermal energy range
from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock
found a few miles beneath the Earth's surface, and
down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures
of molten rock called magma.

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Geothermal Energy:
Large scale Power production

Geothermal Energy:
Domestic application

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

86
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Domestic application

Large scale Power production

Dr. Mohammad Refaat
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Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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90
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

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91
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Tidal Energy
Tidal energy is a one of many
sources of energy from oceans.
Energy transferred to the oceans
from the rotational energy of
the earth through gravity of the
sun and moon, and retained by
long-period waves. These work
rather like a hydroelectric
scheme, except that the dam is
much bigger.

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

92
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

An example for the international studies for solar and

photovoltaics and other renewable energy applications: The
TREC project
Dr. Mohammad Refaat
93
 Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Conclusion

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

94
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

95
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

96
Dr. Mohammad Refaat

Note:
This educational materials was collected from many web
recourses and references for educational purpose only.
No one should use it for commercial purpose without a
permission from the original Copyright holder.
No one should use this presentation without a written
permeation from Dr. Mohammad Refaat.
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Week 8

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For more Information please refer to the next books in
the library, and the given readings & videos.

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Last Week
Sustainable Building Design 3: Sustainable Materials

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 Sustainable Design

Passive Sustainable Active

Design Materials Design

Passive Design A sustainable Active Design

Application material is one Applications
examples that: examples
•Does not deplete non-
Passive Heating , Passive Cooling - Solar Energy Direct uses:
renewable (natural)
, Daylighting
resources. Solar Thermal Energy
•Has no adverse impact on
the environment when used. Photovoltaic.
Wind Energy , Water Energy ,
Biomass. Geothermal Energy ,
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Tidal Energy
Last Week
Sustainable Building Design 3: Sustainable Materials
Important Terms and Topics:
• Sustainable Materials
• Green Materials
• Embodied Energy
• Deference between Embodied Energy In Building and Embodied Energy In
Materials
• Life Cycle of Building
• The goals of Sustainable Architecture
• Main question before selecting sustainable materials
• Definition of “Harmful” regrading materials
• Renewable and Non-Renewable materials
• Deference between Raw, Recycled, and Reused materials
• Retain and Reject heat in building martials
• Heat Storage Capacity
• Thermal Mass
• “Found "site natural materials
• Roof Cooling
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This Lecture

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 1
Introduction to
the sustainable city
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 Sustainable cities

Sustainable cities, urban sustainability, or eco-

city (also "ecocity") is a city designed with
consideration for social, economic, environmental
impact, and resilient habitat for existing populations,
without compromising the ability of future
generations to experience the same. These cities
are inhabited by people whom are dedicated
towards minimization of required inputs of energy,
water, food, waste, output of heat, air pollution -
CO2, methane, and water pollution.

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Also a sustainable city, can be defined
as….
it is one that provides the highest
quality of life together with the lowest
environmental footprint, whilst ensuring
the needs of future generations are not
compromised.

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Sustainable city definition:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rbYPHuDsaMA

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Creating Sustainable Cities:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcDDUSUbq9A

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Sustainability indicators for three energy scenarios in 2020 and 2100 compared with 1990
Indicator of sustainability 1990 Scenario A3 Scenario B ScenarioC1

Eradicating poverty Low Very high Medium Very high

Reducing relative income gaps Low High Medium Very high

Providing universal access to Low Very high High Very high

energy
Increasing affordability of energy Low High Medium Very high

Reducing adverse health impacts Medium Very high High Very high

Reducing air pollution Medium Very high High Very high

Limiting long-lived radionuclide Medium Very low Very low High

Limiting toxic materials Medium High Low High

Limiting GHG emissions Low High Low Very High

Raising indigenous energy use Medium High Low Very High

Improving supply efficiency Medium Very high High Very High

Increasing end-use efficiency Low High Medium Very High

Accelerating technology diffusion Low Very high Medium Medium

Source: Venema ,2004, p.9

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Projected atmospheric concentrations and temperature increases for IIASA-WEC scenarios.
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Example for the application of this approach
Recently, Droege (2002) claimed that two major dangers
will confront the world's cities and city regions within this
exiting and coming generations, threaten the global urban
system as a whole:

• fossil fuel depletion

• and man-made climate change.

There is little disagreement in the current literature that if

these are not swiftly and effectively met, their impacts will
deeply affect all industrial world and mega-city systems
and hit hard the fast-growing, major urban
agglomerations of the developing world.
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With reference to these principles, there is a need to consider
natural resources and renewable energy in city planning,
because "by linking energy use and city planning, city
planners can improve the quality of life in their cities while
providing significant dollar savings to city government,
citizens, and the business community. Why not formally
extend energy planning into every aspect of metropolitan
life?" (DOE, 1996, p.1).

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Therefore, cities, towns and other urban communities are
increasingly regarded as settings for coordinated policy
implementation efforts aimed at global renewable energy
technology introduction and carbon emissions reduction
programs.

This is because of the widespread benefits due to three

main reasons;

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firstly, the integral nature of energy in communities,
where efficiency gained in one sector lead to related
improvements in other sectors” (CEC, 1997).

Secondly, “the urban areas offer enormous potential for

easing the demand for energy-intensive materials and
increasing the efficiency of resource use” (CDI, 2000).

Finally, “there is a need for a ‘Sustainable Energy’, which

will be “an integrated approach to the provision of energy
services that can meet people's social, economic and
environmental needs and facilitate the achievement of
broader International development targets” (UNDP,
2000).

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As a result, careful international efforts is being done by
the international community in order to achieve the
changing to 'Solar City’, “the urban community which
embraces a path of integrating solar energy technologies
or other renewables as well as efficiency measures into the
broader of the community-wide planning strategy aimed
at climate-stable greenhouse-gas emissions by 2050”
(Droege, 2002).

Developing these communities depending on using

renewable energy will enable them to achieve the best use
of renewable energy resources and, on the other hand,
offer a new set of industries and economies, which are
involving in renewable energy applications.
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Renewable Energy and its Potentials for Sustainable
Community Urban Development

1. The Contribution of Renewable Energy to Climate

Change .
2. Innovations, Local Market, and Employment.
3. Diversification of Energy Supply, Energy Security, and
Prevention of Conflicts about Natural Resources.
4. Poverty Reduction through Improved Energy Access
and Gender Aspects.
5. Health Related Impacts .

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In conclusion, integrating renewable energy within the
process of urban development will play a key role not only
at the level of physical needs of the settlement, but also to
achieve the international development targets, which
adopted by bilateral and multilateral development
agencies .These targets aim worldwide at reducing poverty,
improving access to education, empowering women
through equality, reducing infant and maternal mortality
rates, slowing population growth through contraception
and implementing national strategies for sustainable
development (Wilkins, 2002, p.24).

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 2
MASDAR City, as a regional
example for Sustainable City
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Masdar city
Brief introduction

Masdar City, the world’s The headquarters will be the world’s first large-scale, mixed-
first zero-carbon, zero- use “positive energy” building, producing more energy than
it consumes. In addition to being the location of Masdar HQ,
waste city fully powered by the building will accommodate private residences and ‘early
renewable energy bird’ businesses starting up in the city.
(Norman Foster)
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Masdar location

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 area Orientation

•Area: six million square meter •Oreinted northeast-southwest

sustainable development uses the This orientation creates natural
traditional planning principals of a wind pathways through all
walled city, together with existing building structures, wind towers
technologies, to achieve a carbon and passageways
neutral and zero waste community.
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Masdar features
Uses the traditional planning principals of a walled city, together with
existing technologies, to achieve sustainable community

TRADITION CITY MASDAR CITY

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Traditional city sustainability approach

1. Narrow streets

2-Natural shadinG Ventilation

and orientation

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Traditional city sustainability approach

WALKABLE , HIGH DESITY with low rise, mixed use

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Principales of sustaiability in masdar
The MASDAR Outline Sustainability Action Plan set the
guidelines for creating a development with a reduced
environmental impact. The document was based on the tenets of
The One Planet Living and its 10 holistic principles of
sustainability:
• zero carbon
• zero waste
• sustainable transport
• Local and sustainable food
• Natural Habitats and Wildlife
• Culture & Heritage
• Energy use &production
• Health & Happiness
• Local & Sustainable Materials
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 zero carbon

All buildings are designed to be energy efficient by

reducing the overall demand load. This reduction is
accomplished by reducing the building load through
passive design strategies and systems optimization.
Strategies employed: Orientation, shade, wall and
roof insulation, extremely high performance
windows, day-lighting without heat gain, efficient
equipment, ventilation in appropriate periods and
microclimate, efficient equipment, renewable
energy production with PV

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Orientation, shade, wall and roof insulation
day-lighting without heat gain,
renewable energy production with PV

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 Sustainable Transport
No fossil fuel based vehicles allowed with in t h e
confines of the city.

•The city itself is car free. With a maximum distance of

200m to the nearest transport link
• Compact network of streets encourages walking and is
complemented by a personalised rapid transport system
(PRT) Dr. Mohammad Refaat
Personal Rapid Transit (PRT)

•Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) for passengers

•Automated control system for vehicular guidance
•City wide system will consists 85 passenger station
approximately 1700 vehicles to support the expected,
residents and worker
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Personal Rapid Transit (PRT)

•Personal Rapid Transport (PRT) for passengers

•Automated control system for vehicular guidance
•City wide system will consists 85 passenger station
approximately 1700 vehicles to support the expected,
residents and worker
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Energy use and production
Renewable energy Solar collectors
Photovoltaic cells

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Converting wastes Geothermal
to energy energy

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Masdar plaza

Masdar Plaza as “The Oasis

of the Future”:

• Is conceived as an open spatial

experience, whereby all
features; whether hotel,
conference, shopping, or
leisure, offer the highest quality
of indoor and outdoor comfort
and interaction.

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Masdar plaza

•PV panels are provided

on the roof of the
building offering both
shade and power

•Switching and sensors will

activate and deactivate
features and functions in
correlation with usage and
pedestrian flow

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Masdar plaza •Radiant surfaces.
•Air movement that supplements natural
wind patterns.
•The environmental and •Evaporating cooling mist.
•Thermal mass and PCM.
engineering design concepts will be
•Slab cooling and Luna Panels.
utilized to minimize energy •Shading of external facades surrounding
consumption. the Plaza.
•PV Roof shades building roof from direct
sun and isolation under roof plan reduced
building cooling loads

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 Masdar plaza
•The ability to control ambient
temperature at all times of the day is the
key to making the Plaza a compulsive
destination.
•Petals from Heaven’ feature interactive
umbrellas that open, provide shade, and
capture energy during daylight hours;
folding at night to release stored heat
•Adjust the angle of shade based on the
position of the sun.
•The heat sensitive lamps adjust the
level of lighting to the proximity of
pedestrians.
•The water features ebb and flow based
on the intensity of ground
temperatures.
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Masdar plaza
•The Plaza is able to change into an
outdoor cinema for international
events and national celebrations.

•The hotel’s entrance and lobby, •The design of the Convention

located at the base of the atrium, Center Lobby resembles an
offers guests an immediate view out enormous, light-soaked cavern,
onto the Plaza in one direction and providing an enclosure for the
the green of the park in another conference facilities with the Plaza
framed in theDr. Mohammad Refaat
background
Masdar plaza
•All front and back of
house functions within the
Hotel and Convention
Center will capture
sustainability of water,
waste, materials, indoor
and outdoor
environmental quality
Solar analysis provides
insight into the tuning of
facades in order to
incorporate an ability to
respond to varying sun
angles and levels of solar
intensity.

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RESEDINTIAL BUILDINGS
•Two and three bedroom unit
types are stitched closely together
on the plot to minimize exposed
wall surfaces and maximize
shading
•Residences are centered on a
shaded vertical core with most of
the windows facing into this
courtyard.

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RESEDINTIAL BUILDINGS

•Two bedroom units wind catchers

are oriented to collect the cooling
breezes and provide shading.
•The materials used to construct
the townhomes will be light in
color to reflect radiation and
reduce heat gain.

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RESEDINTIAL BUILDINGS
Ventilation strategy:

• The shaded courtyard is an •At night the court roof and walls
effective traditional radiate heat up to the cool night sky.
configuration for cooling in hot- •Air next to these surfaces cools and
Arid climates where there is a settles to the bottoms of the court.
high diurnal temperature swing
courts are covered to shade the
midday sun from the floor
below.

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RESEDINTIAL BUILDINGS
•The vertical shading devices used
on the exterior as shading walls
become privacy screens for
windows that are laid out in
alternating patterns to conceal
views into the different rooms.
•North facing windows are
oriented vertically with flanking
shading surfaces.
•South facing windows are
designed as horizontal bands
beneath deep overhangs.
•Large operable windows within
the shaded courtyards are
designed to allow for natural
ventilation and will be staggered
to maximize privacy and reduce
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 RESEDINTIAL BUILDINGS

• Extensive photovoltaic panels

are utilized over the entire site
have two significant benefits
for the residents:
1. They provide shade from the sun to over
75% of the roof structures and streets
below.
2. The remaining large open areas are
located over each courtyard providing
daylight for the landscape elements
within and a place for the warm air to
escape out.
3. Additionally to the four large cutouts in
the PV field (roof) here are many
openings distributed throw out to
provide additionally daylight to the
rooftop and below. Dr. Mohammad Refaat
Office BUILDING

• It is four stories high and it is

intended to serve office
tenants on floor’s, with
commercial retail tenants on
the main level.
• The commercial area on the
main level is held in 1.5m from
the building façade above,
serving as a shading device.
• There are additional open
public areas at each end of the
building that allow
pedestrians to walk under the
building and serve a secondary
use as an outdoor cafe
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Office BUILDING

• The open atrium is covered

with un umbrella like structure
providing shade to the atrium
and landmark identity to the
office building .
• PV panels are provided on the
roof of the building offering
both shade and power.

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 Office BUILDING

• On the south facing façade

there are horizontal louvers
providing maximum sun
control to the office,
• At the north facing façade the
use of vertical louvers are used
to minimize the early morning
and late afternoon sun
exposure.

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Masdar Headquarter

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Masdar Headquarter

•Oreinted northeast-southwest
This orientation creates natural
wind pathways through all
building structures, wind towers
and passageways

•The building will genreate it’s

own energy through renewable
energy resouces and energy
efficiency technologies

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 Photo voltaic cells & solar
thermal collectors

The energy required for ventilation ,

lighting , cooling….,will be produced
mainly from photovoltaic cells at the top of
the shade
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 Wind cone structure

Eleven wind cones penetrating the eight- The light shining through the cones will
story building to provide natural ventilation reduce the need for electrical lighting
&help expel warm air to reduce the amount allowing natural daylight into the inner
of energy needed for climate control. parts of the building.
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The light tubes also works as a
support for the shade covering
the whole structure. & allowing
the penetration of day light into
the space
Also the presence of shad
creates shaded paths covering
all the opened area which helps
in climatic control
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Wind cone structure

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Wind turbines
Wind turbines present
under the shade generate
electricity on air
movement

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High performance exterior walls
The walls designed to allow soft
sunlight to pass through while
blocking
out even the most extreme heat,
reducing the amount of energy
needed for both
lighting and cooling. This will be
achieved through the orientation of
the walls with respect to the sun path,
combined with an dual wall system reflects the sun's heat while allowing for
natural light

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Under-floor air cooling system

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 Roof gardens system
Elevated more than 45
meters above ground, the
roof will protects the
complex from the sun and,
also provide a comfortable
climate by promoting the
passive movement of cool air
into the public areas and
building-top gardens, further
decreasing the need for air-
conditioning.

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 Recycling wastes

The gray water and wastes are recycled &then reused in plantation and
plants irrigation

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 Integrated Building Automation and
Intelligence
•The building will benefit from an
extensive Integrated Automation System
(Building Automation and Controls
Networks)

• the system will provide a complete suite

of intelligent devices that collectively
control all of the building’s operational
features.

•The system is designed to react to all

environmental conditions while allowing
for localized control and comfort.
•When rooms are unoccupied, for
instance, the system will automatically
dim the lights and adjust climate control
settings
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Section through the HQ buildings

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MASDAR
Institute

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Concultion

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 Intersecting Topics:
Sustainable city Dubi

https://www.thesustainablecity.ae/sustainability/

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Note:
This educational materials was collected from many web
recourses and references for educational purpose only.
No one should use it for commercial purpose without a
permission from the original Copyright holder.
No one should use this presentation without a written
permeation from Dr. Mohammad Refaat.

Dr. Mohammad Refaat

1
Week 12

Main source of this presentation :

Zero Energy Building Envelope Compensates, Sanjay Neupane.
2
Collected and Prepared By