MODULE 1: HISTORY AND MODULE 2.

1: CONTENT AND  Doctrina Christiana en Lengua

HOSTORICAL SOURCES CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF Española Y Tagala (1593) (Doctrina
Christiana): the first printed book in the
 Historical Method- the process of SELECTED WRITTEN PRIMARY
critically examining and analyzing the Philippines
SOURCES  Mission: Evangelization
records of the past.
 Historiography- on the other hand, is
CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOG(1589): Background of the Document:
the imaginative
Author: Juan de Plasencia, O.F.M.  Gobernadorcillo
 Primary (eye-witness) and Secondary
 Fray Juan de Plasencia or Joan de - Filipino administrative position from
Sources (non-eyewitness)
Portocarrero Spain.
 External (authenticity) and Internal
 Region of Extremadura, Spain  Miguel de Loarca: Relación de las Islas
Criticism (credibility)
 During this period there was an upsurge de Filipinas (1582) – Western Visayas
of men entering the religious life with  Antonio de Morga: Sucesos de las Islas
the intention of suiting up for missionary Filipinas – state of the Philippines in the
Tejeros Convention:
works in the newly discovered latter 16th century
 Katipunan: Magdalo (EA)
territories. Analysis of Information:
 Magdiwang (AB)
 July 2, 1578: Plasencia and his group of  MAHARLICAS – born free / nobles
 Rules:
Franciscan missionaries arrived here.  ALIPING NAMAMAHAY – slaves
a) Majority wins.
 Southern Tagalog (Region IV) : but they can own properties /commoners
b) Accepts its choice no matter what the
Plasencia and Fray Diego de Oropresa  ALIPING SA GUIGUILIR – slaves
station in life of the person elected
were assigned who cannot own properties, instead sold
 Aguinaldo (president) and Bonifacio
 Quezon, Laguna, Rizal, and Bulacan: / slaves
(secretary of interior; instead, Jose del
Plasencia also helped in the foundation  A marriage between a Maharlica and
Rosario) Daniel Tirona
and organization of these towns. an Alipin is possible. However, the
 Null and void
 Relacion de las Costumbres de Los children’s social class will be divided.
 Seeds of Discontent of Teodoro
Tagalos (1589) (Customs of the The 1st, 3rd, and 5th (odd numbers)
Agoncillo
Tagalogs): it vividly describes the child will belong to the social class of
 Author’s bias: Santiago Alvarez’
political, social, economic, and cultural the father while the 2nd, 4th, and 6th
Memoir of a General
practices of the Filipinos before they (even numbers) will belong to the
END OF MODULE 1
were Christianized. social class of the mother. For
 example, a Maharlica husband and an  It disproves the claim of some Spaniards  Revolution- is changing society through
Alipin wife – the 1st, 3rd, and 5th will that when they arrived in the Philippines, violent means, particularly an armed
be maharlicas while the 2nd, 4th, and Filipinos were still uncivilized and struggle. The reform movement wanted
6th will be Alipins. lacking in culture. the Philippines to be province of Spain.
 The tingues are the lands which cannot  Filipinos were already civilized and  Enlightenment in Europe: Dare to
be divided and was commonly owned by maintained a lifestyle that was at par or know! Have courage and to use your
the inhabitants of the barangay. even better than other countries in own reason – Immanuel Kant.
 Property: taxation or payment and Southeast Asia.  French Revolution: this culminated the
ownership High Enlightenment vision of throwing
 Marriage: Divorce (two cases: all or KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN: out old authorities to remake societies
nothing) Author: Emilio Dizon Jacinto – “the Brains along rational lines.
 Worship: Nagaanitos; Bathala, sun, of the Katipunan,” “the Moses of the Filipino  Propaganda Movement: the death of the
moon, stars, dead man People” GOMBURZA in 1872 awakened strong
 Burial: Four days only, casket is boat,  Born in Trozo, Manila – December 15, feelings of anger and resentment among
ends with eating and drinking 1875 the Filipinos. They questioned Spanish
Contribution and Relevance of the  Pen names: Pingkian (Inflammable); authorities and demanded reforms. The
Document: Dimasilaw; Ka Ilyong Filipino ilustrados aimed for reforms
 It is a very popular primary source  Studied law at the University of Santo and so they created a systematic
because it vividly describes the situation Tomas movement and they used a peaceful
of the Philippines before it was tainted  19: Youngest member of the Katipunan; means of battling the Spanish
with Spanish and Christian influences. Director of the printing shop and library government called the Propaganda
 It contains a lot of information about the of the Katipunan; General of the Movement.
social classes, political stratifications Katipunan; Adviser of the Supremo; The KKK was a revolutionary movement
and legal systems of the Tagalog region. Editor of the Kalayaan who had 3 objectives:
 It also talks about property rights,  Died from malaria on April 16,1899  Political – Separation of the Philippines
marriage rituals, burial practices and the from Spain
manner is which justice is dispensed. Background of the Document:  Moral – Practice of good manners,
 It provides the information that Filipinos  Reform- is demanding changes through hygiene, and morals; and the rejection of
already had a concept of supreme being, peaceful means. religious fanaticism
burial customs, and life after death.
 Civic – Self-help and the defense of the DOCUMENTS OF THE 1898  White triangle – signifies the
weak, poor, and oppressed. DECLARATION OF PHILIPPINE distinctive emblem of the KKK
Analysis of Information: INDEPENDENCE:  3 stars – signifies Luzon, Panay, and
 A life that is not dedicated to a noble Author: Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista Mindanao
and divine cause is like a tree without a  Born: December 17, 1830 in Biñan,  The sun – represents the gigantic steps
shade, if not, a poisonous weed. Laguna made by the sons of the country and a
 A deed that is motivated by self-interest  Studied Law at the University of Santo symbol of most Spanish colonies
or self-pity and done Tomas  The 8 rays – the 8 provinces placed
 without sincerity lacks nobility.  Became a member of the La Liga under Martial law when the revolution
 True piety is the act of being charitable, Filipina, Cuerpo de Compromisarios, broke out: Manila, Cavite, Bulacan,
loving one's fellowmen, and being and La Propaganda Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Laguna,
judicious in behavior, speech and deed.  Arrested and imprisoned at Fort and Batangas.
 All [people] are equal, regardless of the Santiago by the Spaniards  The colors blue, red, and white –
color of their skin.  Cause: suspected of being involved in commemorates the flag of the United
Contribution and Relevance of the the Philippine Revolution States of America as a manifestation of
Document:  Result: managed to defend himself and gratitude.
 To promote and establish good was eventually released END OF MODULE 2.1
governance among those people in  First adviser to President Emilio
politics; to teach honor and dignity and Aguinaldo in 1898
shun corruption.  Contrary to common belief, it was him,
 To raise awareness towards the and not Aguinaldo, who waved the
importance and empowerment of women; Philippine flag before the jubilant
to practice respect for women and love Filipino crowd
for our family.  Died: December 4, 1903 (72 years old);
 To instill kindness and compassion a fatal fall from a horse-drawn carriage
among every person in the society; to Background of the Document:
inculcate generosity and compassion  Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista wrote the
among us.Practice respect for women Act on the Declaration of Independence
and love for family. Analysis of Information:
 MODULE 2.2:CONTENT AND 3. The country is saddled with huge amount  He focused on two topics in Southeast
CONTEXT ANALYSIS OF of debt from foreign creditor due to the Asia, opium trafficking and Philippine
corruption political History
NON-TEXTUAL
of Marcos’ administration  Roces is a known Filipino painter,
PRIMARY SOURCES – 4. EDSA People Power essayist, and versatile artist. He was the
PRESIDENT CORAZON AQUINO’S 5. February 7, Snap Election co-author of the book.
SPEECH BEFORE THE US 6. Abuses on human rights during the time of  He graduated Bachelor of Fine Arts,
CONGRESS Marcos. major in painting: University of Notre
Author: Corazon C. Aquino END OF MODULE 2.2 Dame, Indiana USA. He also attended
 First female president in the country post graduate studies under George
 Bachelor’s degree from Mount St. MODULE 2.3: PHILIPPINE Grosz, a known German artist, in the
Vincent College in New York, USA. CARTOONS; POLITICAL Arts Students League of New York,
 In 1955, she was married to Benigno USA.
CARICATURES
“Ninoy” Aquino, Jr. The newspapers are the following:
 Written by Alfred McCoy and
 TIMES Magazine’s “Woman of the  Lipag-Kalabaw - The Lipag was
co-author Alfredo Roces, Philippine
Year” in 1986. published in Tagalog and Spanish. It
political cartoons gained full expression
 The writer of the speech was Cory’s featured series of satiric cartoons with
during the American era. Filipino artists
then-executive secretary Teodoro short articles about the week’s events. It
recorded attitudes toward the coming of
Locsin, Jr. was launched in 1906, a time wherein
the Americans as well as the changing
The following are the historical context libel suits were threats.
times and situation.
and narrative of Pres. Cory’s Speech at  The Philippines Free Press - It was
 McCoy is an American historian who
a joint session of US Congress in published in the Spanish and English
specializes in Southeast Asian History.
September 18, 1986: language. It was said that of all
He finished his PhD in Southeast Asian
1. Cory inherited from Marcos an economy American newspapers, the Philippines
History in Yale University; M.A. Asian
that is characterized by massive Free press had sufficient sensitivity to
Studies, University of California at
unemployment the Filipino point of view to survive.
Berkeley; and B.A. European History,
and poverty.  The Independent - Founded in 1915 by
Columbia University, New York.
2. The military’s loyalty to the new the radical Vicente Sotto who was
administration (Cory) is still questionable. considered as the "Father of Cebuano
letters."
 Bag-ong Kusog – a newspaper that MODULE 3: CONTROVERSIES AND  Retraction- this means a person is
compares the life of Visayans during the CONFLICTING VIEWS IN PHILIPPINE withdrawing his/her statement,
Spanish period and the American Period HISTORY: accusation, or undertaking.
To wrap up, the historical context of the A. First Mass in the Philippines So when we say that Rizal retracted this
book talked about the following:  According to Antonio Pigafetta means:
1. The transition from Spanish to American (Ferdinand Magellan’s chronicler, or 1. He wanted to be a Catholic again. We
colonial rule. someone who recorder their voyage must take note that Rizal was a Freemason.
2. The emerging corruption among around the world), the first mass in the As a
politicians and the police. Philippines was officiated by Fr. Pedro Freemason, you do not subscribe to the
3. The growing influence of US colonization, de Valderrama and it specifically Catholic faith and its teachings
especially the educational system it imposed occurred during an Easter Sunday(31 2. He is withdrawing all of his writings and
in the country. March 1521). The claim that the mass statements against the Spaniards in general.
 It depicts the realities happening occurred in Limasawa was further This means his 2 novels, Noli Me Tangere
during the American period which supported by the log book of Franciso and El Filibusterismo are only good for
also expressed the sentiments of the Albo (a pilot in Magellan’s voyage) who wrapping Tinapa.
Filipinos as the featured caricatures were recorded the coordinates that pertains to  Jose Rizal was incarcerated in Fort
powerful tools in the political, economic, Limasawa. , Juan Sebastian Santiago.
social, and cultural advocacies which Elcano(sailed as master of the  Fr. Vicente Balaguer’s account is
can inspire and remind us also of our Concepción, one of five vessels in always used as an argument that Rizal
advocacies in the present time. Ferdinand Magellan’s fleet) retracted since he claims to be a primary
 Using historical caricatures is a dynamic  On the other hand, the opposing claim is witness of Rizal’s retraction and also
avenue of deciphering Philippine history that the first mass occurred in Butuan, claimed that he solemnized Jose Rizal’s
providing relevant visual representations Mindanao. marriage to Josephine Bracken at dawn
of the past and a contextual approach  The major evidences of this claim was of December 30, 1896.
of understanding history as these the discovery of balangay boats in the  According to Austin Coates, Fr.
historical caricatures are relevant visual area and a marker, stating that the Balaguer was not in Fort Santiago on the
and contextual realities that can fill-in mass occurred here, created by the night before Rizal's execution and had
the gap in understanding the grand Spaniards during the 1800s. no knowledge of what was going on;
narrative of Philippine history. B. Rizal’s Retraction therefore, no retraction letter was made.
END OF MODULE 3
 He concluded this because Fr. Balaguer Allegedly, there were three primary
elaborated that Rizal was given not time witness during the said event:
to write the "Mi Ultimo Adios.” We all 1. Dr. Pio Valenzuela
know though, that Rizal was able to 2. Santiago Alvarez
complete Mi Ultimo Adios. 3. Gen. Guillermo Masangkay
Another scholarly writing that debunks the  The National Historical Commission
claim that Rizal retracted was Rafael of the Philippines (NHCP) in 1963
Palma’s: recognizes the date and place of the
He cited the following which proves that “First Cry” in Pugad Lawin, on
Rizal, indeed, did not retract: August 23, 1896.
1. Rizal was not given a Catholic funeral as  They primarily based their decsion on
given to those who died within the church. Pio Valenzuela’s account. According to
2. If Rizal was reconciled with the church, the account of Pio Valenzuela, among
why was he not buried in the Catholic the Katipunan members of the board of
cemetery of Paco? directors, Teodoro Plata protested
3. Rizal's name appeared on the special page against the early staging of the
of the records of burial who were considered revolution. On the other hand, according
impenitent. to the account of Guillermo
Masangkay, Pio Valenzuela used
C. First Cry of the Revolution Rizal's argument in opposing the early
 The first cry of the revolution simply staging of the revolution. We must take
symbolizes the Filipinos’ note that Jose Rizal never supported the
determination to take up arms against planned armed struggle against the
Spain. Spaniards.
 As a sign of breaking away from  Again, Rizal believed in reforms, not
colonial bondage, the Katipuneros revolution.
pulled out their cedulas and tore it pieces END OF MODULE 3
while shouting “Mabuhay ang
kalayaan!” The cedula was a tax
certificate during the Spanish times.
 MODULE 4.1: THE PHILIPPINE  Executive branch- primarily deals with  This fort served as their base of
CONSTITUTION the enforcement of the law. operations in their conquest for Mindanao.
 We must always take note though, that  Legislative branch- focuses on the  A descendant of the Moros also
the constitution that we are currently creation, repealing, or even altering of claimed that they were actually
using is the 1987 Philippine laws. freedom fighters since the raiders
Constitution. A constitution, by  Judiciary- deals with issues concerning were just fighting against the
definition, is the fundamental law of the the law. oppression of forced Christianization
land. It is the basic principles and laws END OF MODULE 4.1 and protecting their own way of life.
of a nation, state, or a social group. It The slave-raiding activities, politically,
also determines powers and duties of the MODULE 5: RAIDERS OF THE were a demonstration of armed
resistance against colonial rule.
government and guarantee certain rights SULU SEA
to the people.  The Moros were just showing their
 Raiders of the Sulu Sea- tackled the
Again, the purpose of the constitution are resilience against colonial rule.
slave-raiding activities perpetrated by
as follows:  Their activities only ended when fast,
the Sama-Balanguingui and the
1. Fundamental law of the land wherein steam ships were acquired by Spain
Ilanun/Iranun under the direction of a
everyone must conform to it from Britain.
sultanate in Mindanao.
2. It lays down the framework and the END OF MODULE 5
 The documentary also tackled the state
principles of the government; the powers, of conflict between the Christian
functions, Goodluck sa exams guys! Galingan niyo
Spaniards and the Moros, or those
and limitations of it hehe <3
who adhered to the Islamic faith.
3. Provides the rights, privileges, and  The Spaniards wanted to convert all of
responsibilities of the people the Philippines into Christianity and they
The Philippine government is divided into also wanted to seize the rich trade route
two: in Sulu, Mindanao.
 National government  In order to achieve this, the Spaniards
 Local government. managed to get a foothold in Zamboanga
There are also three branches in the and constructed the Real Fuerza de San
government, the executive, legislative, and Jose which eventually became Fort
judiciary. Pilar.