Name: Eric T.

Hardy II

Safety Procedures
Ground Operation and
Ground Operation Hazards
Level 3

Approximate time needed to complete:

Materials needed to complete:

Instructions: Answer the questions that follow. Before the semester’s everyone will perform a
FOD check, demonstrate tying a bowline knot, and locate and identify the various fire
extinguishers in the building (classroom/hallways/hangar) This paperwork can be turned in
when complete.

1. Before restarting, what should be done if a radial engine has been shut down for more than 30
minutes? Before restarting, a 3M check should be done, and the prop should be turned 3 or 4
revolutions to ensure that it is not in hydraulic lock.

2. Concerning turbine engine aircraft, what is a hot start? A hot start when referring to gas
turbine engines, describes the process of starting said engine before that engine has had the
suggested allotted time for cool down. Typically means there is too much fuel in the engine
system, and exceeds operational temperature.

3. When starting an engine with a float type carburetor, the mixture should be set in the Full
Rich position.

4. What gauge should be checked immediately after starting reciprocating engine aircraft? You
should be checking the oil pressure gauge immediately after starting. If the oil pressure is low or
fluctuating, power down.

5. What should be done if an aircraft that requires AV gas is accidentally serviced with jet fuel?

This is a result of cross contamination, all aircraft with cross contaminations require for a flush,
and engine wash, and reservicing with the proper fuel.
6. Match the extinguisher to the type of fire for which it is best suited.
a. Water
b. Carbon Dioxide
c. Dry Powder

B Engine compartment fire

7. Why should aircraft operating areas be kept clear of debris and other loose objects? Loose
objects and debris around aircraft create risk hazards for F.O.D being sucked into the Engine
Inlets creating critical damage to the aircraft.

8. Concerning turbine engines, what is a hung start? A hung or hang start, is a start with a
normal procedural start, with the 3 sub sections of the turbine engine function. The engine
receives enough air, the air is compressed, the compressed air mixes with fuel and spark ignitors
start the hot section. But after the hot section engages in the power turbine section, the rpms
required to reach take off power are not achieved, resulting in low RPM or LOW NP.

9. What is the most commonly used knot for tying down aircraft with rope? A bowline knot is
the most commonly used knot.

10. A steady red light signal from the control tower to a taxiing aircraft indicates that the aircraft
should do? A steady red light signal means to stop.

11. When starting a reciprocating engine, the carburetor heat control should be in the OFF or
COLD position.

12. If an induction fire occurs while staring a reciprocating engine, what should you do first?
Continue cranking. This is an attempt to suck the fire into the cylinders during the starting
process. If this is not achieved, use a CO2 fire extinguisher to put out the induction fire.

13. What is FOD? Is an acronym for Foreign Object Debris

14. What are some of the things a mechanic should do in order to prevent this from occurring?
As a mechanic, preparation for what parts/tools/PPE that are required for maintenance are only
present during maintenance. That you clean as you go during maintenance. That a F.O.D check
inspection is done before and after maintenance. And a tool box inspection is done before and
after maintenance.

15. What should you ALWAYS assume when working on or near a propeller? You should
always assume that the ignition switch is engaged.

16. What is a 3M check? Inspection check, that the Magneto is switched to off, that the Master
switch is set to OFF, and the Mixture Idle is cut off.
17. What are the intake and exhaust hazard areas around an idling turbojet engine? The intake
and hazards area is 25 ft and 100 ft away.

18. What are the intake and exhaust hazard areas around a jet aircraft at takeoff power? 25

19. What cautions should be observed when approaching or leaving a helicopter? Never
approach the helicopter from the tail rotor. Never walk with object that the helicopter blade can
strike.

20. Is it acceptable to move an aircraft by pushing or pulling on the propeller? No

21. What are the different types of rope used to tie down aircraft, and what are some of the
advantages and disadvantages of each? Nylon rope:

22. Why is it necessary to jack an aircraft indoors (rather than outdoors) when weighing? To
stabilize the wings.

23. Why should you never spray water on a class D fire? It will intensify the fire.

24. Is it acceptable to use oil or grease on an oxygen cylinder or regulator? No, oxygen is a
combustible in the presence of grease or oil.

25. Does aviation gas burn in its liquid state? No, only in vapor.

26. Define “vapor lock” – the interruption of liquid gas in a pipe that interrupts the liquid from
flowing.

27. What is tetraethyl lead (TEL) and what is it used for? Anti knock agent

28. What is the difference between “flash point” and “fire point”? Flash point is the temperature
that a substance will ignite. Fire point, is the temperature in which the burn will become
continuous.

29. Must a de-fueling operation be conducted in a hangar? No.

30. What two things must be marked near the filler opening on fuel tanks for reciprocating-
engine aircraft? The minimum grade and the volume the aircraft takes.