iat ci Lesson 1 Page 115 Page 116 Page 117 a, Cause & Eifect, Unit 3 A Mishmash, or Hodgepodge Roadrunners 1, snakes 2. mate 3. straight 4. fit S.eventhough 6. diet 7. maybe 8. whistled 9. lift 10. present 1, snakes 2.knock 3. once in a while 4. spider S.stick out 6. spot. 7. zones, 8. carries 9. nest 10. shy Li 2g 3.k 4b S.a 6.h Te 8.1 ae 10.¢ LT . T ‘ae 4.F be 6.T 7E &.F 1. It can hardly fly, but it can run fast, 2. some plants, insects, spiders, snakes, birds, mice, and other small animals 3, so she will be his mate and build their nest 4. because it looks funny when it runs 5. It stands with its back to the sun, holds out its wings, and lifts its, feathers so the sun hits a black spot which collects heat. 6. Students’ opinions will vary. 7. Students’ opinions will vary. 8. Iteats an amazing variety of food, it can eat poisonous animals, and it has a special way to warm its body. 1. The first sentence: A roadrunner eats an amazing variety of food. 2. The first sentence: Some roadrunners become very friendly with people. 3. The first sentence: Some people in Mexican villages use roadrunner ‘meat as medicine 4. The fourth sentence: It fits into its environment very well, and it doesn’t matter that it looks funny. Answer Key for Reading & Development 3and4— 114Page 118g. Page 119 b. Page 120 i i. Page 121 k. Lesson 2 Page 125. a, Page 126 b. Page 127 4. Page 128 ©. Cause & Effect, Unit 3 1. environmental 2. complicated 3. Hoping 4, waste 5. disposable 6. independently 7. success 8. variety 9. financial 10. knowledgeable Lin, on 2.in, of 3. among, in, on 4.in 5. In, for 6. with 7. at, outside 8. on, with 9. into: 10. in, on 11. In, in 12. with, to le 2b 3.a 4d Sc le 2b o- Students’ compositions will vary. Afraid to Fly 1.crash 2. situation 3. phobia 4, Terror 5, Fear 6. losses 7-harm 8. tunnels 9. takeoff 10. height 1. traffic 2.tertified 3.accidents 4, psychologist S.instructor 6. in general 7. logical _8. terrifying 9.harmless 10. bother 1. snakes 2. once 3.run, 4, threaten S.even 6. often 7. pollution 8. twenty-five 9. positive 10. published Lb 2b 3.b 4c Sa 6b Te 8.b 1 Individual responses will vary. 2. Suggested answers: fear of open or enclosed spaces, spiders, loss of control, flying, heights, crowds, the unknown 3. Students’ opinions, possible answer: Riding in a car is something we do every day and don’t think about. 4. fear of enclosed spaces, loss of control, crowds (at the airport), the unknown, heights 5. Possible answers: businessmen, entertainers, students going to another country to study, people going to visit relatives who live far away, people who work in embassies or work overseas in other jobs 6. They learn how air traffic is controlled, how planes are kept safe, about flying through storms, about the noise planes make during flight, about takeoffs and landings, and about air safety in general. Answer Key for Reading & Development 3 and4 | 15Page 130 Page 131 e k. Lesson 3 Page 135 Page 136 b. Page 137 a fc Cause & Effect, Unit 3 7. They learn how safe it is to fly and how few accidents there are. 8, Suggested answer: If people understand the normal noises planes make, they won't be afraid of them. 9, Suggested answer: Relaxation helps get rid of or control fear, 1. The first sentence: Others ate afraid of loss of control. 2. The first sentence: The class visits an airport and learns how airplane traffic is controlled and how planes are kept in safe condition. 3. The majority of the people who take the classes learn to control their fear and some even learn to like flying! 1. accidentally, accident 2. professional 3, secretly, secret 4, separately 5. fearless 6. Lost 7. terrorists, terrified, terrifying 1.0,the,0 2.Q,an 3.0 4.0,0,a,a 5. the, the, 0 6.0,athe 7-an,an,a,a 8. an, the, the, the 1. butd 2.butb 3. buta 4.ande 5. bute 1. About 12% of people have a fear of flying even though it is safer than riding in a car. 2. People may have a phobia about flying because they are afraid of heights, of being in an enclosed place, of crowds and noise, of the unknown, or of loss of control of a situation, 3. There are classes for people to take to control their fear so that they can fly when they need to, Students’ compositions will vary. Languages and Language Diversity 1. systems 2. specializes 3. divided 4, past 5. borrow 6. form 7. refer to 8. linguists 9. rate 10. characters 1.bilingual 2, meaningful 3. linguistics 4. brain 5. estimate 6. specialist ‘T.reference 8. system 9. rate 10. divide Lj Qe 3.4 Ak S.e 6g 1b Ba 9.f 10.h nT) 2.F 3.7 47 5.NI Answer Key for Reading & Development 3and4— 116Page 138 e. £ & Page 139 h. i Page 141 j. k Page 1421. m. Lesson 4 Page 146 a. Page 147 b. Cause & Effect, Unit 3 6.T ope ae oF 10.T 1.a system of sounds, gestures or characters used to communicate ideas and feelings 2. a language in which gestures do the work of the sounds system in spoken languages 3. Answers will vary. 4. tomato 5. byte 6. Austronesian has 500 languages, while Indo-European has 55, 7. Students’ opinions, possible answer: to see the similarities 8. Students’ opinions will vary. 9. Children use the same part of the brain to learn their first and second languages, but adults use a different part of the brain to learn a second language, Student answers will vary. 1, Suggested answers: Languages are always changing, through invented words, borrowed words, or changing the meaning of a word. 2. Suggested answers: Half of the world’s population speak one of the top fifteen languages. 1S 2.100 3. 1959 4, Austronesian L. instructive 2. Honesty 3. imaginative 4. was invented 5. interviewer, was interviewed 6. uncharacteristic 7. psychology, psychologi 9. dependable, depend on 8. begged L.word order 2. languages 3. the languages in each family 4, adults 5. languages 1.0 2.0, the, 3.0,0 4.The,0 5. The, 0 6a 7.the,the — 8.a,a,an 1. stands for 2. clean up, help out 3. see...off 4. pick...up ‘Students’ compositions will vary. Skyscrapers 1. stole 2.advantages 3. skyscraper 4. title 5.immigrants 6, advancement 7. beams 8. designs 9. stories 10. in addition I.advantage 2. pleasant 3. space 4. earthquake 5. center G.architect Texact_ 8. story 9. public 10. bomb Answer Key for Reading & Development 3and4— 117Page 148. Page 149 Page 150 Page 151 Page 152 e & Cause & Effect, Unit 3 Ld 245 3.2 4m 5. Ge Te 8.b of 10.1 La 2b Bec 4b 5. 6b Ta 1. the mass production of iron and steel and the production of lightweight metal beams, also the invention of the elevator 2. The steel frame, not the walls, supports the building 3. They can have more windows, and there is room for offices and stores on the ground floor. 4, They were invented just as the technology for steel-frame skyscrapers was developed. People couldn’t have used skyscrapers without elevators. 5. Many skyscrapers were built so people could live in a small area. 6. the Taipei 101 building 7. There can be lots of apartments or offices on a small area of ground. 8. The technology for keeping buildings standing during an earthquake ‘was developed. 9. Students’ opinions will vary. 1. The first sentence: It took two important technological advancements to make real skyscrapers possible. 2. The first sentence: There were other problems that architects and engineers had to solve. 3. Suggested sentence: Skyscrapers were needed to house the many new immigrants coming from Europe. 4, Suggested sentence: Maybe people will not need or want tall buildings. 1. comparatively, comparison 2. pleasure 3. Additionally 4, advance 5. advantageous, disadvantages _6. preventive 7. immigration 8. Popularity 9. enclosure 10. strongly Lin 2.down 3. out 4.on 5. out 6. into 7.down 8. out 9. away 10. out of 1. the, 0, the, the 2.the,0 3. the, 0,the 4. the, the, 5. the, 0 6. the, 0, the/a 1. Skyscrapers keep getting higher and higher with new technology. 2. For a long time tall buildings had to be made of stone, which made building tall buildings difficult. 3. Elisha Otis invented the elevator, which solved the problem of how people would get to the top of a tall building, Students’ compositions will vary. Answer Key for Reading & Development 3and4 | 18Lesson 5 Page 156 a. Page 157 b. Page 158 ¢. Page 159 Cause & Effect, Unit 3 Left-Handedness 1. broader 2. stutter 3. backwards 4, memorize 5. prefer 6. senses . responding 8. adjust 9. necessary 10. likely 1. tools 2. education 3.clockwise 4. permit 5. company 6. counterclockwise 7. opposite 8. anthropologist 9. force 10. suffering exactly 2.mates 3. nests, 4, sticks out 5. Tunnel 6. fear 7.crash 8. borrow 9.terrified 10. once ina while LNI 27 3.7 AF sy 6T 7.NI 8.NI 1. how people understand broad, general ideas and how they respond to / the five senses 2. the right hemisphere 3. The whole body is ‘left-handed.” 4, Suggested answer: Many machines are made for right-handed people with knobs, handles, etc. on the right side. 5. when they are forced to write with their right hand 6. Their toois were made to be used with either hand. 7. They believed that ‘left’ was connected with “bad.” 8. Suggested answer: There are many famous people who are also left- handed. 9. Suggested answers: Have the child take the test given in the last paragraph of the text. Hand the child something and see which hand she or he uses. 10. Answers will vary. 1. The first sentence: Different handedness causes differences in people. 2. The first sentence: There has been an increasing amount of research in handedness. 3. Suggested sentence: The first writing went from right to left, but the Greeks changed it to left to right because they connected ‘left’ with “bad.” 4, Suggested sentence: you can test yourself for handedness. 1. uncommunicative 2. nonexistent 3, preferential 4. dividedidivisible S.forced 6. commonly 7. responded 8. permit 9. unreal Answer Key for Reading & Development 3and4 | 19Cause & Fifect, U Page 160 h. 1. To, to, at 2. is, into 3. the, from, are 4. an, of, on 5. in, were, with 6. AS, to, of, more, right-handed Page 161 i. 1. when 2.after 3. since 4. when/after 5. when/after 6. before/until 7. Before 8. Before/Until Pagel62— j, 1. Society forced them to. 2. They are probably left-handed. 3. They are connected. 4. The whole body is “left-handed.” 5. He was forced to write with his right hand even though he was left- handed. 6. Tools were for use with only one hand. 7. He is left-handed. k. Students’ compositions will vary. Video Highlights Page 163 a. 1... iron (or steel) b. how to get water to all the floors of the building; how to prevent buildings from moving in the wind. 2a. answers will vary. b. Suggested answer: because the builders thought about the environment. b. Lpower 2. inside 3. windows page 164 c, 1.a.email b. correct c. steel d. one-third 2. Answers will vary. Activity Page Page 165 1.tap your foot 2. a high rise building 3. once ina while Students’ sentences will vary. Dictionary Page Page 166 2a. stole b. lost 3. excel Answer Key for Reading & Development 3 and 120