NERVE SENSITIVITY ALERT SYSTEM FOR

COMATOSE PATIENTS

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

SOUMYADIPTA SEN SHARMA (RA1611002020132)

GAURAV SINGH (RA1611002020136)

S VISHWANATHAN (RA1611002020191)

M SIVA ARAVINDAN (RA1611002020195)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

B. TECH (FULL TIME)

IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

RAMAPURAM

MAY 2020
 SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
RAMAPURAM

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “NERVE SENSITIVITY ALERT SYSTEM

FOR COMATOSE PATIENTS” is the bonafide work of “SOUMYADIPTA

SEN SHARMA (RA1611002020132), GAURAV SINGH

(RA1611002020136), S VISHWANATHAN (RA1611002020191), M SIVA

ARAVINDAN (RA1611002020195)” who carried out the work under my

supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Mr. B. Prabhakaran, M.E Dr. K.C
UDAIYAKUMAR
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR (O.G) PROFESSOR AND
HEAD
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL
EXAMINER
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are expressing our deep sense of gratitude to our beloved chancellor

Dr. T. R. PACHAMUTHU, for providing us with the required infrastructure
throughout the course.

We take this opportunity to extend our hearty thanks to our chairman

Dr. R. SHIVAKUMAR for his constant support.

We take this opportunity to extend our hearty thanks to our dean Dr. G.
SELVAKUMAR for his constant support.

We convey our sincere thanks to our Head of the Department Dr. K. C.

UDAIYAKUMAR, M Tech, Ph. D, for his interest and support throughout the
project

We take the privilege to thank our Project Coordinator Mr. G.

SWAMINATHAN Assistant Professor (Sr.G) for his suggestions, support and
encouragement towards the completion of the project with perfection.

We express our heartfelt thanks to our guide Mr. B. PRABHAKARAN,

M.E Assistant Professor (O.G) for his sustained encouragement, and constant
guidance throughout the project work.

We express our deepest gratitude to, our parents, Teaching and Non-
Teaching faculties for their sustained encouragement, and constant support
throughout my studies.

I
 ABSTRACT

It is very essential to continuously monitor the unconscious/coma patients to

understand their health condition. The main objective of the proposed is to

accomplish two tasks. 1) Monitoring and alerting the medical person, when the

comatose gains consciousness using motion detection system. 2) Continuous

recording and analysis of vital signals of the patient such as Pulse rate and

temperature and alert the doctor whenever attention is needed. Wearable Motion

sensor system is used to monitor the body movements such as eye blink

movement and hand movement to detect the conscious state of an individual.

This system will be helpful in assisting the doctor about the health condition of

the unconscious patient and alerting the doctor whenever care is required. The

proposed system will assist the doctor by giving an alarm about the health

condition of the patient, when the set of vital signals recorded are out of the

normal range. These results are displayed on the computer and on the Liquid

crystal display (LCD).

II
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I
ABSTRACT II
LIST OF FIGURES VI

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 COMA 1
1.2 CAUSES 1
1.3 SYMPTOMS 2
1.4 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 3
1.5 STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER 4
1.6 PIC MICROCONTROLLER 5
1.6.1 FEATURES 6
1.7 LCD 7
1.7.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 7
1.7.2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 7
1.7.3 FEATURES 8
1.8 GSM 9
1.8.1 COMMUNICATION 9
1.8.2 GSM ARCHITECTURE 9
1.8.3 FEATURES OF GSM 10
1.9 EYE BLINK SENSOR 11
1.9.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 11
1.9.2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 12
1.9.3 FEATURES 12
1.9.4 APPLICATION 13
1.10 TEMPERATURE SENSOR 13
1.10.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 13
1.10.2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 13
1.10.3 FEATURES 14
1.10.4 APPLICATION 15
1.11 HEART BEAT SENSOR 15
1.11.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 16
1.11.2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 16
1.11.3 FEATURES 17
1.12 MEMS SENSOR 17
1.12.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 17
1.12.2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 17

III
 1.12.3 FEATURES 18
1.12.4 APPLICATION 18
1.13 ELECTROMYOGRAPHY 19
1.14 BLOOD PRESSURE SENSOR 20
1.14.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 20
1.14.2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 20
1.14.3 FEATURES 21

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 22

3. METHODOLOGY 31
3.1 FLOW CHART 31
3.2 EXISTING SYSTEM 32
3.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM 33
3.3.1 ADVANTAGE 33

4. EXPERIMENTATION 35
4.1 FABRICATION 35
4.1.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 35
4.2 PIN DIAGRAM 36
4.3 PROTOTYPE 37
4.4 PROGRAMMING 38
4.5 MODULE DESIGN AND DRAFTING 65
4.6 RESULT VALIDATION 67

5. CONCLUSION 68

REFERENCES 70

IV
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1.1 STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER 5

1.2 PIC MICROCONTROLLER 6
1.3 LCD DISPLAY 7
1.4 GSM MODULE 11
1.5 EYE BLINK SENSOR 12
1.6 LM 35 14
1.7 HEART BEAT SENSOR 15
1.8 MEMS SENSOR 18
1.9 EMG SENSOR 20
1.10 BLOOD PRESSURE SENSOR 21
4.2 PIN DIAGRAM OF MICROCONTROLLER 36
4.3 PROTOTYPE WITH PARTS 37
4.4 PROTOTYPE MODEL 37
4.5 DRAFTING 1 65
4.6 DRAFTING 2 65
4.7 MODULE DRAFTING 66
4.8 MODULE 66

V
 Batch-25
by Swaminathan G

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Submission date: 24-Apr-2020 09:32PM (UTC+0530)

Submission ID: 838609221

File name: final.pdf (1.9M)

Word count: 11554

Character count: 64171

VI
VII
VIII
IX
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 COMA

  A coma is a deep state of unconsciousness. It can happen as a result of a

traumatic accident, such as a blow to the head, or a medical condition, for
example, some types of infection. Coma is different from sleep because the
person is unable to wake up. It is not the same as brain death. The person is
alive, but they cannot respond in the normal way to their environment. Whether
or not they are conscious, or how many people are conscious during a coma, or
the level of consciousness, is a question that scientists are currently
investigating. Levels of consciousness and responsiveness will depend on how
much of the brain is functioning. A coma often lasts for a few days or weeks.
Rarely, it can last for several years. If a person enters a coma, this is a medical
emergency. Rapid action may be needed to preserve life and brain function.

1.2 CAUSES

Many types of problems can cause coma. Forty percent of comatose

states result from drug poisoning. Certain drug use under certain conditions can
damage or weaken the synaptic functioning in the ascending reticular activating
system (ARAS) and keep the system from properly functioning to arouse the
brain. Secondary effects of drugs, which include abnormal heart rate and blood
pressure, as well as abnormal breathing and sweating, may also indirectly harm
the functioning of the ARAS and lead to a coma. Given that drug poisoning is
the cause for a large portion of patients in a coma, hospitals first test all
comatose patients by observing pupil size and eye movement, through
the vestibular-ocular reflex. (see Diagnosis below).

1
The second most basic reason for trance like state, which makes up about 25%
of cases, is absence of oxygen, for the most part coming about because of heart
failure. The Central Nervous System (CNS) requires a lot of oxygen for its
neurons. Oxygen hardship in the mind, otherwise called hypoxia, causes sodium
and calcium from outside of the neurons to diminish and intracellular calcium to
expand, which hurts neuron correspondence. Absence of oxygen in the mind
additionally causes ATP fatigue and cell breakdown from cytoskeleton harm
and nitric oxide creation.

20% of incapacitated states result from the reactions of a stroke. During a

stroke, blood stream to some portion of the mind is limited or blocked. An
ischemic stroke, mind drain, or tumour may cause limitation of blood stream.
Absence of blood to cells in the mind keep oxygen from getting to the neurons,
and thusly makes cells become upset and bite the dust. As synapses kick the
bucket, cerebrum tissue keeps on crumbling, which may influence the working
of the ARAS.

The staying 15% of sluggish cases result from injury, over the top blood
misfortune, ailing health, hypothermia, hyperthermia, unusual glucose levels,
and numerous other natural issue. Besides, contemplates show that 1 out of 8
patients with awful mind injury experience a lethargic state.

1.3 SYMPTOMS

During a coma, a person cannot communicate, so diagnosis is through the

outward signs.

These include:

 closed eyes

2
  limbs that don't react or willfully move, with the exception of reflex
developments

 lack of reaction to agonizing upgrades, aside from reflex developments

 Prior to entering a state of insensibility, an individual with intensifying

hypoglycaemia (low glucose), or hypercapnia (higher blood CO2 levels),
for instance, will initially encounter mellow disturbance. Without
treatment, their capacity to think unmistakably will slowly diminish. At
long last, they will lose awareness.
 On the off chance that a state of insensibility results from a serious
physical issue to the cerebrum or a subarachnoid discharge, indications
may show up out of nowhere.
 Any individual who is with the individual should attempt to recollect
what happened not long before the extreme lethargies began, in light of
the fact that this data will help decide the basic reason and give a superior
thought of what treatment to apply.

1.4 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

 Power supply
 Step down transformer
 Pic microcontroller
 Eyeblink sensor
 Temperature sensor
 Blood pressure sensor
 Heart beat sensor
 EMG sensor
 LCD
 Mems sensor

3
  GSM Module

1.5 STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER

A stage down transformer changes over the high voltage (HV) and low current
from the essential side to the low voltage (LV) and high current incentive on the
optional side. This transformer type has a wide application in electronic gadgets
and electrical frameworks. With regards to the activity voltage, the progression up
transformer application can be generally separated in two gatherings: LV (voltages
up to 1 kV) and HV application (voltages over 1 kV).

The first LV application alludes to the transformers in electronic gadgets.

Providing the electronic circuits requires a low voltage esteem (for example 5V,
even lower esteems these days).

A stage down transformer is utilized to give this low voltage esteem which is
appropriate for hardware providing. It changes home voltage (230/120 V) from
essential to a low voltage on the auxiliary side which is utilized for the electronic
providing. On the off chance that electronic gadgets are intended to have higher
ostensible force, transformers with high working recurrence are utilized (kHz-s).
The transformers with higher ostensible force worth and 50/60 Hz ostensible
recurrence would be excessively enormous and substantial. Likewise, the everyday
utilized battery chargers utilize the progression down transformer in its structure.

4
 Fig 1.1 step down transformer

1.6 PIC MICROCONTROLLER

The microcontroller used here is 16F877A type. It has a key role of processing
the data coming from sensors and transmitting it to Li-Fi module. PIC usually
called as “pic” comes from family of microcontrollers that are made by
Microchip Technology. Early models of PIC had perused just memory (ROM)
or field programmable with program stockpiling and with arrangement for
eradicating the memory. Every single current module utilize streak memory for
program stockpiling and more up to date models permits to program PIC
without anyone else. The equipment abilities of PIC gadgets extend from 6-pin
SMD chips to 144-pin SMD chips with discrete I/O pins. Low force and fast
varieties exist for different kinds of PIC. PIC gadgets are well known with both
modern designers and specialists because of their ease wide accessibility.
Highlights of PIC are:

a. RISC Architecture

b. Operating Frequency (0-20MHZ)

c. Power Supply Voltage (2.0-5.5 volts)

d. 8K ROM Memory in flash technology

e. 3 independent timers/counter

1.6.1 FEATURES

 Low-power, high-speed Flash/EEPROM technology

 Fully static plan

 Wide operating voltage of (2.0V to 5.5V)

 Commercial and Industrial temperature ranges

5
  Low-power consumption

Fig 1.2 PIC MICROCONTROLLER

1.7 LCD

Fig 1.3 LCD DISPLAY

1.7.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

LCD represents fluid gem show. They come in numerous sizes 8x1 , 8x2 ,
10x2 , 16x1 , 16x2 , 16x4 , 20x2 , 20x4 ,24x2 , 30x2 , 32x2 , 40x2 and so on .
Numerous global organizations like Philips Hitachi Panasonic make their own
unique sort of LCD'S to be utilized in their items. All the LCD'S plays out
6
similar capacities (show characters numbers exceptional characters ASCII
characters etc).Their writing computer programs is additionally same and they
all have same 14 pins (0-13) or 16 pins (0 to 15). Alphanumeric showcases are
utilized in a wide scope of utilizations, including palmtop PCs, word processors,
printers, retail location terminals, clinical instruments, PDAs, and so on.

1.7.2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

This is a LCD Display intended for E-squares. It is a 16 character, 2-line

alphanumeric LCD show associated with a solitary 9-way D-type connector.
This permits the gadget to be associated with most E-Block I/O ports. The LCD
show requires information in a sequential organization, which is itemized in the
client direct underneath. The showcase additionally requires a 5V power supply.
If it's not too much trouble take care not to surpass 5V, as this will make harm
the gadget. The 5V is best produced from the E-squares Multi software engineer
or a 5V fixed directed force supply.

The 16 x 2 astute alphanumeric dab grid shows are fit for showing 224 unique
characters and images. A full rundown of the characters and images is imprinted
on pages 7/8 (note these images can fluctuate between brand of LCD utilized).
This booklet gives all the specialized particulars to associating the unit, which
requires a solitary force supply (+5V).

1.6.3 FEATURES

 Input voltage of 5v
 E-blocks compatible
 Low cost
 Compatible with most Input/Output ports in the E-Block range
 Ease to develop programming code using Flow code

7
  Brief Description on LCD modules

Presently, we realize that each character has (5×8=40) 40 Pixels and for 32
Characters we will have (32×40) 1280 Pixels. Further, the LCD ought to
likewise be told about the Position of the Pixels. Henceforth it will be a frenzied
assignment to deal with everything with the assistance of MCU, thus an
Interface IC like HD44780is utilized, which is mounted on the rear of the LCD
Module itself. The capacity of this IC is to get the Commands and Data from the
MCU and procedure them to show important data onto our LCD Screen. You
can figure out how to interface a LCD utilizing the previously mentioned joins.
On the off chance that you are a propelled software engineer and might want to
make your own library for interfacing your Microcontroller with this LCD
module then you need to comprehend the HD44780 IC is working and orders
which can be discovered its datasheet.

1.8 GSM – ARCHITECTURE, FEATURES & WORKING

1.8.1 COMMUNICATION
GSM is a portable correspondence modem; it is represents worldwide
framework for versatile correspondence (GSM). The possibility of GSM was
created at Bell Laboratories in 1970. It is generally utilized versatile
correspondence framework on the planet. GSM is an open and advanced cell
innovation utilized for transmitting portable voice and information
administrations works at the 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz and 1900MHz
recurrence groups.

GSM framework was created as an advanced framework utilizing time division

numerous entrance (TDMA) system for correspondence reason. A GSM
digitizes and lessens the information, at that point sends it down through a
channel with two distinct floods of customer information, each in its own

8
specific schedule vacancy. The advanced framework has a capacity to convey
64 kbps to 120 Mbps of information rates.

1.8.2 GSM ARCHITECTURE

A GSM organize comprises of the accompanying parts:

• A Mobile Station: It is the cell phone which comprises of the handset, the
presentation and the processor and is constrained by a SIM card working over
the system.
• Base Station Subsystem: It goes about as an interface between the
versatile station and the system subsystem. It comprises of the Base
Transceiver Station which contains the radio handsets and handles the
conventions for correspondence with mobiles. It likewise comprises of the
Base Station Controller which controls the Base Transceiver station and goes
about as an interface between the versatile station and portable exchanging
focus.
• Network Subsystem: It gives the essential system association with the
portable stations. The fundamental piece of the Network Subsystem is the
Mobile Service Switching Center which gives access to various systems like
ISDN, PSTN and so on. It likewise comprises of the Home Location Register
and the Visitor Location Register which gives the call directing and
meandering abilities of GSM. It likewise contains the Equipment Identity
Register which keeps up a record of all the versatile hardware wherein every
portable is distinguished by its own IMEI number. IMEI represents
International Mobile Equipment Identity.

1.8.3 FEATURES OF GSM MODULE:

• Improved spectrum efficiency

• International roaming
• Compatibility with integrated services digital network (ISDN)

9
• Support for new services.
• SIM phonebook management
• Fixed dialling number (FDN)
• Real time clock with alarm management
• High-quality speech
• Uses encryption to make phone calls more secure
• Short message service (SMS)

Fig- 1.4 GSM MODULE

10
1.9 EYEBLINK SENSOR

1.9.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The eye is lit up by an IR drove, which is fueled by the +5v power supply
and the reflected light is recorded by an IR photograph diode. This eye squint
sensor is IR based; the variety over the eye will shift according to eye flicker.
The specific usefulness relies enormously upon the situating and pointing of the
producer and locator as for the eye. On the off chance that the eye is shut
methods the yield is high in any case yield is low. This to realize the eye is
shutting or opening position. This yield is provided for rationale circuit to show
the alert. This can be utilized for venture includes controlling mishap because of
oblivious through eye squint.

1.9.2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Interface managed DC power supply of 5 Volts. Dark wire is Ground, Next

center wire is Brown which is yield and Red wire is certain inventory. These
wires are likewise set apart on PCB. To test sensor, you just need power the
sensor by interface two wires +5V and GND. You can leave the yield wire all
things considered. At the point when Eye shut, LED is off and the yield is at
0V. Put Eye squint sensor glass on the face inside 15mm separation, and you
can see the LED flickering on each Eye squint. The yield is dynamic high for
Eye close and can be offered straightforwardly to microcontroller for interfacing
applications.

11
 Fig 1.5 EYE BLINK SENSOR

1.9.3 FEATURES

 EYE BLINK sign by LED.

 Instant yield computerized signal for straight forwardly associating with
microcontroller.
 Compact Size.
 Working Voltage: +5V DC.
 Output voltage: 5V.
 Output: Analog.

1.9.4 APPLICATION

 Digital Eye Blink monitor.

 Vehicle Accident prevention.

 Suite for real time driving applications.

1.10 TEMPERATURE SENSOR

1.10.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

12
 The LM35 arrangement are exactness incorporated circuit
temperature gadgets with a yield voltage directly relative to the Centigrade
temperature. The LM35 gadget has a preferred position over straight
temperature sensors aligned in Kelvin, as the client isn't required to subtract an
enormous steady voltage from the yield to get advantageous Centigrade scaling.
The LM35 gadget doesn't require any outside adjustment or cutting to give
normal exactnesses of ±¼°C at room temperature and ±¾°C over a full −55°C
to 150°C temperature run. The low-yield impedance, straight yield, and exact
inborn adjustment of the LM35 gadget makes interfacing to readout or control
hardware particularly simple.

1.10.2 PRODUCT ESCRIPTION

LM35 is an accuracy IC temperature sensor with its yield corresponding

to the temperature (in OC). The sensor hardware is fixed and thusly it isn't
exposed to oxidation and different procedures. With LM35, temperature can be
estimated more precisely than with a thermistor. It likewise have low self-
warming and doesn't cause more than 0.1 OC temperature ascend in still air.
The gadget is utilized with single force supplies, or with in addition to and less
supplies. As the LM35 gadget draws just 60 µA from the stock, it has
exceptionally low self-warming of under 0.1°C in still air. The LM35 gadget is
evaluated to work over a −55°C to 150°C temperature go.

13
 Fig 1.6 LM35

1.10.3 FEATURES

 Calibrated Directly in Celsius (Centigrade)

 Linear + 10-mV/°C Scale Factor
 0.5°C Ensured Accuracy (at 25°C)
 Rated for Full −55°C to 150°C Range
 Suitable for Remote Applications

1.10.4 APPLICATIONS

 Power Supplies
 Battery Management
 HVAC
 Appliances

1.11 HEART BEAT SENSOR

14
 Fig 1.7 HEART BEAT SENSOR

It comprises of a splendid red LED and a light finder. At the point when the
finger is set near the sensor a specific measure of light goes through the finger
and relying on the power of the light identified in the finder the current is
delivered as needs be. At the point when no finger is put more splendid light
power is distinguished by the identifier. Along these lines, in view of the
present varieties the beats are recorded and information is gotten.

1.11.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The activity of the board is exceptionally basic. In the wake of driving the
board from a 3-5.5V inventory, the Enable (EN) pin must be pulled high to
initiate the IR sensor. Next, place the tip of your index finger delicately over the
sensor all over. Your finger ought to be still and ought not press excessively
hard on the sensor. Inside a few seconds the circuit balances out and you will
see the LED blazing synchronously with your heart beat. You can take care of
the yield signal (Vout) to either an advanced I/O or an ADC input pin of the
microcontroller for estimation of the heart beat rate in BPM. The yield voltage
waveform can likewise be seen on an oscilloscope. I associated Digital Analog
Discovery device to check the information PPG and the yield waveforms from
the two LPF stages.

15
 1.11.2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Heart beat sensor chips away at an essential rule of optoelectronics.

Everything necessary to quantify you pulse is a couple of LED and LDR and a
microcontroller. IR drove discharges infrared radiation and surface mirrors the
infrared light. Contingent upon reflectivity of the surface measure of light
reflected fluctuates this reflected light is made episode on switch one-sided IR
sensor which brings about opposite spillage current. Measure of electron-
opening sets produced relies upon force of episode IR radiation. Increasingly
extreme radiation brings about progressively turn around spillage current. This
current can be gone through a resistor to get relative voltage. In this way as
force of occurrence beams changes, voltage across resistor will differ in like
manner.

1.11.3 FEATURES

 Heat beat indication by LED.

 Instant output digital signal for directly connecting to microcontroller.
 Close-packed Size.
 Working Voltage is +5 volt DC

1.12 MEMES SENSOR

1.12.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

A gyroscope is a turning wheel or plate in which the pivot of revolution is

allowed to expect any direction by it. While turning, the direction of this pivot is
unaffected by tilting or revolution of the mounting, as indicated by the
protection of precise energy. Along these lines, spinners are helpful for
estimating or looking after direction. Because of their exactness, gyrators are
additionally utilized in gyro theodolites to keep up heading in burrow mining. In

16
this way, the focal point of gravity of the rotor and the focal point of suspension
of the rotor may not match.

1.12.2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Gyro sensors are used to correct hand movement when using digital
cameras and video cameras. Dual-axis angular rate sensor (gyroscope)
conventionally, two detection sensors are adopted to detect hand movement in
the vertical and horizontal directions; peripheral circuits for the amplifier, etc.
also require two sensors. It utilizes Intenseness' exclusive and protected MEMS
innovation with vertically determined, vibrating masses to make a practically
complete, minimal effort, and so forth this outcome in an exceptional,
coordinated double hub gyro with ensured by-plan vibration dismissal and high
cross-hub confinement. It is explicitly intended for requesting shopper
applications requiring minimal effort, little size and superior.

Fig 1.8 MEMES SENSOR

1.12.3 FEATURES

 Operating voltage: 5v
 Dynamic range: ±300 deg/s
 Frequency response: up to 150Hz

17
  Output: Analog.
1.12.4 APPLICATIONS

 General Motion Sensing

 Vehicle Motion Analysis
 Platform Stabilization
 Inertial Measurement Units

1.13 ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
Electromyography (EMG) is an electrodiagnostic medication method for
assessing and recording the electrical movement created by skeletal muscles.
EMG is performed utilizing an instrument called an electromyograph to deliver
a record called an electromyogram. An electromyograph recognizes the electric
potential produced by muscle cells when these phones are electrically or
neurologically actuated. The signs can be broke down to distinguish clinical
variations from the norm, actuation level, or enlistment request, or to break
down the biomechanics of human or creature development. EMG testing has an
assortment of clinical and biomedical applications. EMG is utilized as a
diagnostics apparatus for distinguishing neuromuscular diseases,or as an
examination instrument for contemplating kinesiology, and disarranges of
engine control. EMG signals are some of the time used to direct botulinum
poison or phenol infusions into muscles. EMG signals are likewise utilized as a
control signal for prosthetic gadgets, for example, prosthetic hands, arms and
lower appendages

An acceleromyograph might be utilized for neuromuscular checking all in all

sedation with neuromuscular-blocking drugs, so as to maintain a strategic
distance from postoperative leftover curarization (PORC).

18
Aside from on account of some simply essential myopathic conditions EMG is
generally performed with another electrodiagnostic medication test that
quantifies the directing capacity of nerves. This is called nerve conduction
considers (NCS). Needle EMG and NCSs are normally demonstrated when
there is torment in the appendages, shortcoming from spinal nerve pressure, or
worry about some other neurologic injury or turmoil. Spinal nerve injury doesn't
cause neck, mid back torment or low back agony, and hence, proof has not
demonstrated EMG or NCS to be useful in diagnosing reasons for pivotal
lumbar torment, thoracic torment, or cervical spine torment. Needle EMG may
help with the determination of nerve pressure or injury, (for example, carpal
passage disorder), nerve root injury, (for example, sciatica), and with different
issues of the muscles or nerves.

Fig 1.9 EMG SENSOR

1.14 BLOOD PRESSURE SENSOR

1.14.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Manual circulatory strain screens are savvy when contrasted with

computerized screens, yet their utilization is increasingly troublesome. They are
otherwise called aneroid screens. Some of the time alluded to as
sphygmomanometer as well, the arrangement incorporates an arm sleeve, crush
bulb to blow up the sleeve, stethoscope and a check to gauge the circulatory

19
strain. Circulatory strain is shown on a dial with a needle. Rising weight in the
sleeve makes the needle move clockwise and falling weight brings about
anticlockwise development. The dial markings show the weight level. It is
additionally hard for an individual with hearing issues to hear the heart beat
through the stethoscope.

1.14.2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

A weight sensor estimates pressure, normally of gases or fluids. Weight is

an outflow of the power required to prevent a liquid from growing, and is
typically expressed as far as power per unit territory. A weight sensor normally
goes about as a transducer; it produces a sign as an element of the weight
forced. For the reasons for this article, such a sign is electrical. Weight sensors
are utilized for control and observing in a large number of ordinary applications.
Weight sensors can likewise be utilized to in a roundabout way measure
different factors, for example, liquid/gas stream, speed, water level, and
elevation. Weight sensors can on the other hand be called pressure transducers,
pressure transmitters, pressure senders, pressure pointers and piezo meters,
manometers, among different names.

1.14.3 FEATURES

 Input voltage- 5v
 Output voltage- 5v
 Output -Analog and Digital
 2.5% Maximum Error over 0° to 85°C
 Temperature Compensated from -40° to +125°C

1.14.4 APPLICATIONS

 Air conditioners
 Climate control for green houses

20
  Storage and warehouses
 Meteorological applications
 Food processing

Fig- 1.10 BLOOD PRESSURE SENSOR

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 BODY MOVEMENT AND HEART BEAT MONITORING FOR

COMA PATIENT USING IOT [DR.R. JOSPHINE LEELA M.E
PH.D.ET.AL (2018)]

Location of changes because of development in a continuous video is a

significant apparatus. Tolerant development and observing framework is a
framework that is utilized to recognize development changes in the patient.
Those progressions might be either strange conduct or unordinary changes made
by the patient without a specialist. This paper presents the strategy for
understanding development checking framework for those patients that are
taking clinical treatment in both neighborhood and outside medical clinics with
the assistance of edges examination approach. In this project, FLUX sensors are

21
fixed in two hands of the patient when there is any movement in hands the
sensor sends information to the doctors by wireless communication. GLASS
SETUP with EYEBALL sensor is fixed in the patient’s eye when any motions
in the eye the sensor sense the value and send information to the doctor. MEMS
is used to find the patient's leg movement and all the information is wirelessly
transferred through IOT module and monitored in PC HEARTBEAT and the
TEMPERATURE sensors are used to find the heart rate and the temperature of
the patient. As observed wherever the quantum of the mishap happens
exceptionally high, if there is a mishap, the patients are conceded in ICU
(Intensive Care Unit), In such condition, the patient may go in a trance like
state. Trance like state is a condition of obviousness wherein an individual can't
be stirred; neglects to react ordinarily to difficult improvements, light, or sound;
comes up short on an ordinary wake rest cycle, and doesn't start deliberate
activities. Trance state may happen for different reasons, for example,
inebriation, a sickness or disease that influences the focal sensory system
(CNS), a genuine physical issue, and hypoxia, or oxygen hardship. Specialists
will check the influenced individual's developments and reflexes, reaction to
difficult upgrades, and student size. Specialists will watch breathing examples
to help analyze the reason for the trance like state. They likewise check the skin
for indications of any wounds because of injury. To decide the influenced
individual's degree of cognizance, specialists may talk noisily or push on the
edge of the jaw or nail bed. Specialists will look for indications of excitement,
for example, vocal commotions, eyes opening or development. And
furthermore, will test reflexive eye developments.

2.2 A LITERATURE SURVEY ON INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)

[KRISHAN KUMAR GOYAL.ET.AL (2018), AMIT, ANKUR RASTOGI
SAURABH SINGHAL]

22
 Presently a days we are living in a time of Information Technology where
every single individual needs to become IT officeholder either purposefully or
inadvertently. Innovation assumes a fundamental job in our everyday life since
most recent couple of decades and by one way or another, we as a whole are
relying upon it so as to get greatest advantage and solace. This new period
furnished with most recent appearances of innovation, illuminating world as
Internet of Things (IoT). Web of things is such a predefined and noble space
which drives us to this present reality situations where each item can play out
some errand while speaking with some different articles. The world with loaded
with gadgets, sensors and different items which will convey and make human
life far superior and simpler than any time in recent memory. This paper gives a
diagram of ebb and flow inquire about work on IoT regarding engineering, an
innovation utilized and applications. It likewise features all the issues identified
with advances utilized for IoT, after the writing survey of research work. The
primary motivation behind this overview is to give all the most recent
advancements, their comparing patterns and subtleties in the field of IoT in
efficient way. It will be useful for additional examination. Web of Things relies
upon Internet, sensors innovation which makes the correspondence conceivable
among gadgets by executing various conventions. In the wake of doing the
writing review some significant issues are watched, similar to the interfered
with network among gadgets affecting the correspondence. Additionally, there
is similarity issue in gadgets. Security of gadgets during correspondence
procedure and security of correspondence channel or connection is likewise a
significant issue. Loads of work is to be accomplished for the advancement and
progress of this field; still there is more work to do, more normalization of
innovation, conventions and equipment are required to make totally solid and
secure area of Internet of Thing. Some worldwide rules ought to be utilized for
this reason. What's to come is absolutely relying upon Internet of Thing, so part
of activity at execution level. So as to determine security issues in IoT space we

23
propose to actualize the idea of Block Chain in IoT. We will have profound
conversation on principals and usage of Block Chain in our further works.

2.3 HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM FOR COMATOSE PATIENTS:

A SURVEY [ZAKIR HUSSAIN.ET.AL (2016)]

This overview paper plots the current and proposed framework for an
insensible patient wellbeing observing guide. By and large, the lethargic
patients never react for anything anyway they may irregular developments are
oftentimes experienced in patients with mind injury portrayal of these
developments and their fundamental pathophysiology is troublesome because of
the sluggish or uncooperative condition of the patient. Along these lines, we
audited the accessible writing in regards to anomalous developments
experienced in intensely sick patients with mind wounds. There are such a large
number of strange developments in the found in every class just as their
epidemiologic, semiology and facility pathologic connects. We propose a down
to earth worldview that can be applied at the bedside for diagnosing anomalous
developments in patients. Which they are unsure and that can make them
hesitant. The Hand Talk glove is an ordinary, fabric driving glove fitted with
flex sensors. The sensors yield a surge of information that differs with the level
of curve made by the fingers. Flex sensors will be sensors that adjustment in
obstruction relying upon the measure of curve on the sensor. They convert the
adjustment in a twist to electrical obstruction and send information to the
specialist. Unconsciousness is quality in that the patient can't be stirred.
Weakened awareness alludes to comparable, less extreme unsettling influences
of cognizance; these aggravations don't appear to be thought of trance state. The
component for trance like state or impeded cognizance includes disfunction of
each cerebral side of the equator or of the clathrate enacting framework
(likewise called the rising excitement framework). Causes are likewise auxiliary
or nonfunctional (EG, destructive or metabolic unsettling influences). The

24
injury is likewise central or diffuse. The assignment is clinical; recognizable
proof of cause needs research center tests and neuroimaging. Treatment is
prompt adjustment and explicit administration of the reason. For semi-perpetual
trance like state, associated treatment incorporates uninvolved scope of-
movement works out, enteral feedings, and measures to hinder pressure ulcers.

2.4 A SURVEY BASED ON GLOVE – BASED SYSTEMS AND THEIR

APPLICATIONS [LAURA DIPIETRO.ET.AL (2008)]

Hand development information securing is utilized in many building

applications extending from the investigation of motions to the biomedical
sciences. Glove-based frameworks speak to one of the most significant
endeavors planned for securing hand development information. While they have
been around for more than three decades, they continue pulling in light of a
legitimate concern for scientists from progressively different fields. This paper
overviews such glove frameworks and their applications. It likewise investigates
the qualities of the gadgets, gives a guide of the advancement of the innovation,
and talks about restrictions of ebb and flow innovation and patterns at the
wildernesses of research. A preeminent objective of this paper is to give
perusers who are new to the zone with a reason for understanding glove
frameworks innovation and how it very well may be applied, while offering
authorities a refreshed image of the broadness of utilizations in a few building
and biomedical sciences regions.

While future research bearings stay open to conversation, this paper has
clarified that the broadness of research in glove gadgets has extended and
become in the course of recent decades. WEUSE hands for connecting with and
controlling our condition in countless undertakings in our regular day to day
existence. It is then not astounding that a lot of research exertion has been given

25
to creating advances for examining communication and control and for
increasing our capacities to perform such errands. The improvement of the most
mainstream gadgets for hand development securing, glove-based frameworks,
began around 30 years back and keeps on connecting with a developing number
of specialists. This paper surveys such glove framework sand their applications.
Our essential goal non expert perusers keen on choosing one of these gadgets
for their specific application. Our inspiration for composing this paper is the
perception that relevant data on such gadgets, including estimation.

2.5 A LITERATURE SURVEY ON GSM NETWORK IDENTITIES

[APARNA BAHUGUNA.ET.AL (2015)]

System characters are numbers that a GSM arrange utilizations to find a

versatile supporter when it is setting up a call to that endorser. As the system
depends on these characters to course calls to endorsers, it is significant that
every personality is one of a kind and right. Here we study the different system
characters included both at the supporter's end too at the specialist organization
end. The Mobile Station ISDN number (MSISDN) extraordinarily recognizes a
cell phone membership in the PSTN numbering plan. This is the number dialed
when calling a versatile endorser. As the MSISDN is the genuine phone number
of the versatile endorser, it is the main system character that supporters know
about. All other system personalities talked about in this part are for inner
system use and endorsers don't should know about them. The International
Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) is an interesting character designated to
every endorser that encourages right supporter distinguishing proof over the
radio way and through the system. It is utilized for all motioning in the PLMN.
All system related endorser data is associated with an IMSI. The IMSI is put
away in the SIM, the HLR and in the serving VLR. The IMSI comprises of
three unique parts: The Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) is a

26
transitory IMSI number made known to a MS at enlistment. It is utilized to
ensure the supporter's character broadcasting in real time interface. The TMSI
has nearby noteworthiness just (that is, inside the MSC/VLR zone) and is
changed at time interims or when certain occasions happen, for example, area
refreshing. Each administrator can pick TMSI structure, yet ought not comprise
of in excess of 8 digits.

2.6 COMATOSE PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM USING NEURAL

OSCILLATION AND MIND WAVE [ARUN. K. P .ET.ALL (2018)]

Presently a day, people have fantasized to impart and communicate with

machines through the considerations and furthermore make gadgets that work
with human's psyche and musings. The human brain creative mind is caught as
present day sci-fi stories and antiquated fantasies. Be that as it may, intellectual
neuroscience and mind imaging advances have as of late began to give
individuals the capacity to interface with the human cerebrum. Utilizing sensors
a portion of the physical movement that happens inside the cerebrum that relates
with types of thought can be observed. For the requirements of individuals in
developing cultural acknowledgment on, scientists have utilized this innovation
to construct cerebrum PC interfaces (BCIs), correspondence frameworks, i.e., a
PC framework that doesn't rely upon fringe muscles and nerves of the minds.

An EEG-based mind PC framework for computerizing home machines is

proposed in this investigation. Braincomputer interface (BCI) framework gives
direct pathway between human mind and outer registering assets or outside
gadgets. The framework makes an interpretation of thought energetically
without utilizing muscles through various anodes appended to the client's scalp.
The BCI innovation can be utilized by crippled individuals to improve their
autonomy and augment their abilities at home. In this paper, a novel BCI
framework was created to control home machines from a committed Graphical

27
User Interface (GUI). The framework is organized with six units: EMOTIV
EPOC headset, PC, Flyport module, quad band GSM/GPRS correspondence
module, LinkSprite JPEG Color camera, and PIC-P40 load up. EMOTIV EPOC
headset recognizes and records neuronal electrical exercises that mirror client's
purpose from various areas on the scalp. Those exercises are then sent to the PC
to remove explicit sign highlights. Those highlights are then made an
interpretation of into orders to work all machines at home. The proposed
framework has been executed, developed, and tried. Test results exhibits the
attainability of our proposed BCI framework in controlling home apparatuses
dependent on the client's physiological states.

2.7 HEALTH MONITORING FOR COMA PATIENTS

[GEETHANJALI. R .ET.ALL (2019)]

This paper entitles as "Executing Internet of things in Health Monitoring for

Coma Patients" is created utilizing IOT equipment unit as the transmitter and
cloud server as a beneficiary. The hyper terminal apparatus has been utilized for
PC interface. The primary goal of this task is to build up an electronic
application to speak with a web server in a made sure about way for trance like
state patients.

The Internet of Things is Associate in the Nursing rising subject of specialized,

social, and monetary essentialness. IOT includes in different divisions like
Medical businesses, Automobile ventures, Manufacturing enterprises, and so
forth.

IOT approachs with clinical enterprises are without a doubt the center
advancements of future IoT. Numerous scientists have considered different
research issues on incorporating IOT clinical and sensor advancements. At
present, endeavors are being made to incorporate these 2 innovations on

28
indistinguishable IoT stage in various fields. Dissimilar to ordinary
examinations that give IoT stages at the design level just, this investigation
proposed an execution model of a sensor information store based on MongoDB.
Moreover, upheld providing technique reenactment of car parts, the arranged
RFID/sensor data vault was by experimentation substantial as far as even
conveyance of information and question speed. This stage is executed up to IOT
equipment unit, which works more immaculate than anticipated.

2.8 PATIENT MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM USING IOT

[P.RANJANA .ET.ALL (2019)]

Checking patients has become a test in the previous years. It is

incomprehensible for specialists to go to all patients without a moment's delay
particularly in medical clinics where numerous specialists are not accessible.
Henceforth there is a need to go through basic arrangements and continue
checking simple. The nature of air debased the environmental factors lately. In
view of this issues individuals in India are presented to hazardous issues. So
there is a need to protect nature clean and for relaxing. Numerous sensors have
been advanced as of late. The one significant sensor is the gas sensor. IoT based
applications were utilized as of late in numerous applications like emergency
clinics, workplaces, homes, businesses. These IoTs are utilized continuously
applications This gadget can be utilized progressively with the sensors and
valuable in numerous applications.

The information originating from the IoT gadgets are unstructured and it is hard
to break down the information with conventional examination instruments. The
information that originates from the iot are uproarious if oxygen is checked it
accompanies temperature, or sound. This information can have tainted messages
and bogus readings and there must be tidied up. The IoT information will be a
significant in particular if the information with it gives the important

29
contribution to the client. So to beat this the information gathered is handled
through the AWS. The AWS IoT Analytics changes the information and store it
in the time arrangement information stockpiling for examination.

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 FLOW CHART-

LITERATURE SURVEY

30
PROBLEM
IDENTIFICATION
3.2 EXISTING SYSTEM

• In present framework utilized in medical clinics a medicinal service

proficient is expected to persistently screen and record all the essential
data of a specific subject by keeping up all the records of that sluggish
physically. Such techniques for ceaseless supervision by a paramedical
aide are mistake inclined and may prompt troubles because of human
blunder. If there should be an occurrence of fundamentally sick patients it
requires to quantify the crucial parameters in any event for like
clockwork until the patient's condition settles. Along these lines

31
 observing of trance like state patients is not the same as checking the
ordinary patients. It is intense occupation for the paramedical staff to
ceaselessly screen every patient's 24 hours since the extent of staff to
understanding is low. So it's anything but a simple assignment to screen
every single patient normally. This framework is proposed to take out the
weight of constant supervision and will caution the specialist or
paramedical staff just when consideration is required. This framework
will be useful in helping the specialist about the patient condition whether
he is steady or precarious and will screen the lethargic consistently to
check whether there are any adjustments in the physical development of
the vegetative state persistent. Trance like state or obviousness is a
condition of an individual where an individual can't react to the inside
and outside upgrade.
• Coma can happen because of wounds, for example, head wounds or as a
disturbance of a hidden disease.
• Since the physical movement of steady vegetative state individual are
uncommon, there is a requirement for customary consideration and care.
In present framework utilized in clinics a social insurance proficient is
expected to persistently screen and record all the indispensable data of a
specific subject by keeping up all the records of that senseless physically.

• Also, the current observing frameworks can screen just up to 3-4

parameters one after another.
• Continuous supervision by a paramedical aide is blunder inclined and
may prompt troubles because of human mistake.
•
3.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM

This proposed framework depends on movement location sensor framework.

The framework is utilized for observing physical wellbeing and physical

32
changes in a vegetative state person. Images sensor is utilized to detect the
quickening changes in the individual this sensor is set on the fingers of the
patient. At whatever point there are a speeding up changes in the patient for
example at whatever point there is any development it will be recorded and a
stage demodulation guideline is utilized to decide the worth and course. IR
sensor is utilized to identify any squints in an out cold. This sensor deals with
IR standard. This sensor works by enlightening an eye region utilizing an
infrared light. Heartbeat sensor is utilized to detect the beat pace of the patient.
Circulatory strain sensor is utilized to detect the weight of the patient.
Temperature sensor is utilized to detect the internal heat level of the patient.
This all information can be seen through IOT. This proposed framework
depends on movement recognition sensor framework. Images sensor is utilized
to detect the quickening changes in the individual this sensor is set on the
fingers of the patient.
3.3.1 ADVANTAGE
 Eliminates the manual framework estimations and checking forms
 Temperature estimation has high exactness as LM35 is utilized
 The understanding status is sent viably to the specialist through IOT
 Very in a flash the status of the patient is observed with high precision
 All the parameters are installed in to single framework which simple to
deal with by a typical individual.

CHAPTER 4
EXPERIMENTATION

4.1 FABRICATION-

4.1.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

33
 Power supply

PIC
Eye blink sensor LCD
microcontroller

Temperature Memes sensor

sensor

Blood pressure GSM

sensor

Heart beat sensor IOT

EMG sensor

4.2 PIN DIAGRAM

34
 Fig 4.1 PIN DIAGRAM OF MICROCONTROLLER

4.3 PROTOTYPE:

35
 Fig 4.2 PROTOTYPE WITH PARTS

FIG 4.3 PROTOTYPE MODEL

4.4 PROGRAMMING-

36
#include<pic.h>
#include<htc.h>

void Init_UART();
void UART_send_string(char *st);
char UART_getchar();
void UART_send_char(char st);

void ADC_Init();
unsigned int ADC_Read(unsigned char channel);
void val(unsigned int re);
void val1(unsigned int re);
void lcd_init();

unsigned int init1,init2,init3,step;

unsigned int hbcount=0,pulsecnt=0;
int k,x,y;
int gflag=0;
//relay

#define buzzer RD0

void main()
{
TRISB=0X00;
PORTB=0x00;

37
TRISD=0X00;
TRISC=0X83;
PORTD=0x00;
PORTC=0x00;

lcd_init();
Init_UART();
ADC_Init();
lcd_com(0x80);
lcd_str(" WELCOME");
__delay_ms(1000);
lcd_com(0x01);
lcd_str(" COMA PATIENT");
lcd_com(0xC0);
lcd_str(" MONITORING");
__delay_ms(2000);
lcd_com(0x01);
lcd_str(" GSM ");
lcd_com(0xC0);
lcd_str(" INITILIZATION");

__delay_ms(1000);
UART_send_string("AT\r"); //Replies with OK for Acknowledgement
__delay_ms(100);
UART_send_string("AT+CMGF=1\r");
__delay_ms(500);
UART_send_string("AT+CLIP=1\r");

38
__delay_ms(500);
UART_send_string("AT+CIPSHUT\r"); //To close TCP connection, meaning to
disconnect form internet
__delay_ms(800);
UART_send_string("AT+CIPSTATUS\r"); //IP status
__delay_ms(800);

UART_send_string("AT+CSTT=\"internet\",\"\",\"\"\r"); //TCP connection

profile
__delay_ms(800);

UART_send_string("AT+CIICR\r"); //Bring up GPRS Connection...

__delay_ms(800);

UART_send_string("AT+CGATT=1\r"); //Check if Simcom module is attached

to the network
__delay_ms(800);

UART_send_string("AT+CIFSR\r"); //Get the local IP address

__delay_ms(800);

UART_send_string("AT+CGDCONT=1,\"IP\",\"internet\"\r"); //Read the PDP

context profile of Simcom module
__delay_ms(800);

UART_send_string("AT+CGACT=1,1\r"); //Connecting to PDP profile 1..

__delay_ms(800);
UART_send_string("AT+CREG=2\r"); //GPRS NETWORK
REGISTRATION STATUS

39
///enter
lcd_com(0x01);
lcd_com(0x80);
__delay_ms(100);
timer1=0;
pulse=0;

//k=0;
//RCIE=1;
//GIE=1;
lcd_com(0x01);
while(1)
{
n1=ADC_Read(0);
lcd_com(0x80);
lcd_str("T=");
val(n1);

n2=ADC_Read(1);
n3=ADC_Read(2);
init1=n2;
init2=n3;

lcd_com(0x87);
lcd_str("BP=");
x=ADC_Read(3);
val(x);

40
lcd_com(0xCA);
lcd_str("E=");
y=ADC_Read(4);
val(y);

if(n1>20)
{
lcd_com(0x8E);
lcd_str("H");
RD0=1;
__delay_ms(100);
UART_send_string("AT+SAPBR=1,1\r\n"); //Querying bearer
__delay_ms(500);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPINIT\r\n"); ////Initializing HTTP service.
__delay_ms(300);
//http://vehicleiot.in/gas/get.php?gas=100&load=100
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPPARA=\"URL\",\"http://vehicleiot.in/coma/get.
php?t="); //Setting up HTTP parameters..
val1(n1);
UART_send_string("&p=");
val1(pulse);
UART_send_string("&bp=");
val1(x);
UART_send_string("&emg=");
val1(y);
UART_send_string("&st=");
UART_send_string("HIGH TEMP");
UART_send_string("\"\r\n");

41
__delay_ms(200);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPPARA=\"CID\",1\r\n"); //Set the CID
__delay_ms(300);;
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPACTION=0\r\n"); //HTTP action is read
__delay_ms(100);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPREAD\r\n"); //Read the HTTP response
__delay_ms(500);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPTERM\r\n"); //Terminating HTTP session..
__delay_ms(500);
__delay_ms(1000);
UART_send_string("AT+CMGS=\"+91904228573\"\r");
__delay_ms(150);
UART_send_string("HIGH TEMP \n");
__delay_ms(200);
UART_send_char(0x1A); //////ctrl+z
UART_send_char(0x0D); //////enter
RD0=0;
__delay_ms(10000);
lcd_com(0x8E);
lcd_str(" ");
timer1=0;
pulse=0;
//k=0;
//RCIE=1;
//GIE=1;
//getgps();
lcd_com(0x8D);

42
lcd_str(" ");
}

if(RC1==0)
{
lcd_com(0x8E);
lcd_str("EO");
RD0=1;
__delay_ms(100);
UART_send_string("AT+SAPBR=1,1\r\n"); //Querying bearer
__delay_ms(500);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPPARA=\"URL\",\"http://vehicleiot.in/coma/get.
php?t="); //Setting up HTTP parameters..
val1(n1);
UART_send_string("&p=");
val1(pulse);
UART_send_string("&bp=");
val1(x);
UART_send_string("&emg=");
val1(y);
UART_send_string("&st=");
UART_send_string("EYE OPEN");
UART_send_string("\"\r\n");
__delay_ms(200);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPPARA=\"CID\",1\r\n"); //Set the CID
__delay_ms(300);;
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPACTION=0\r\n"); //HTTP action is read
__delay_ms(100);

43
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPREAD\r\n"); //Read the HTTP response
__delay_ms(500);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPTERM\r\n"); //Terminating HTTP session..
__delay_ms(500);
__delay_ms(1000);
UART_send_string("AT+CMGS=\"+91904228573\"\r");
__delay_ms(150);
UART_send_string("EYE OPEN \n");
__delay_ms(200);
UART_send_char(0x1A); //////ctrl+z
UART_send_char(0x0D); //////enter
RD0=0;
__delay_ms(10000);
lcd_com(0x8E);
lcd_str(" ");
timer1=0;
pulse=0;
//k=0;
//RCIE=1;
//GIE=1;
//getgps();
lcd_com(0x8D);
lcd_str(" ");
}
lcd_com(0xC0);
lcd_str("P=");
if(RC0==0)

44
 {
flag=0;
pulse++;
}
pul(pulse);
timer++;
lcd_com(0xC5);
lcd_str("C=");
if(timer>2)
{
timer=0;
timer1++;
if(timer1==30)
{
timer1=0;
pulse=0;

}
refresh(timer1);
}
if(pulse>28)
{
RD0=1;
lcd_com(0x8F);
lcd_str("H");
__delay_ms(100);
UART_send_string("AT+SAPBR=1,1\r\n"); //Querying bearer
__delay_ms(500);
45
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPINIT\r\n"); ////Initializing HTTP service.
__delay_ms(300);
//http://vehicleiot.in/gas/get.php?gas=100&load=100
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPPARA=\"URL\",\"http://vehicleiot.in/coma/get.
php?t="); //Setting up HTTP parameters..
val1(n1);
UART_send_string("&p=");
val1(pulse);
UART_send_string("&bp=");
val1(x);
UART_send_string("&emg=");
val1(y);
UART_send_string("&st=");
UART_send_string("HIGH HEART BEAT");
UART_send_string("\"\r\n");
__delay_ms(200);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPPARA=\"CID\",1\r\n"); //Set the CID
__delay_ms(300);;
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPACTION=0\r\n"); //HTTP action is read
__delay_ms(100);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPREAD\r\n"); //Read the HTTP response
__delay_ms(500);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPTERM\r\n"); //Terminating HTTP session..
__delay_ms(500);
__delay_ms(1000);
UART_send_string("AT+CMGS=\"+91904228573\"\r");
__delay_ms(150);
UART_send_string("HEART BEAT HIGH \n");

46
__delay_ms(200);
UART_send_char(0x1A); //////ctrl+z
UART_send_char(0x0D); //////enter
RD0=0;
__delay_ms(10000);
lcd_com(0x8F);
lcd_str(" ");
pulse=0;
//k=0;
//RCIE=1;
//GIE=1;
//getgps();
}
if(pulse<20&&pulse>10&&timer1>28)
{
RD0=1;
lcd_com(0x8F);
lcd_str("L");
__delay_ms(100);
UART_send_string("AT+SAPBR=1,1\r\n"); //Querying bearer
__delay_ms(500);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPINIT\r\n"); ////Initializing HTTP service.
__delay_ms(300);
//http://vehicleiot.in/gas/get.php?gas=100&load=100
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPPARA=\"URL\",\"http://vehicleiot.in/coma/get.
php?t="); //Setting up HTTP parameters..
val1(n1);
UART_send_string("&p=");

47
val1(pulse);
UART_send_string("&bp=");
val1(x);
UART_send_string("&emg=");
val1(y);
UART_send_string("&st=");
UART_send_string("LOW HEART BEAT");
UART_send_string("\"\r\n");
__delay_ms(200);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPPARA=\"CID\",1\r\n"); //Set the CID
__delay_ms(300);;
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPACTION=0\r\n"); //HTTP action is read
__delay_ms(100);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPREAD\r\n"); //Read the HTTP response
__delay_ms(500);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPTERM\r\n"); //Terminating HTTP session..
__delay_ms(500);
__delay_ms(1000);
UART_send_string("AT+CMGS=\"+91904228573\"\r");
__delay_ms(150);
UART_send_string("LOW BEAT HIGH \n");
__delay_ms(200);
UART_send_char(0x1A); //////ctrl+z
UART_send_char(0x0D); //////enter
RD0=0;
__delay_ms(10000);
lcd_com(0x8F);

48
lcd_str(" ");
pulse=0;
//k=0;
//RCIE=1;
//GIE=1;
//getgps();

n2=ADC_Read(1);
n3=ADC_Read(2);
init1=n2;
init2=n3;
if((n2<(init1-10)||n2>(init1+10))&&(n3<(init2-10)||n3>(init2+10)))
{
RD0=1;
lcd_com(0x8F);
lcd_str("F");
__delay_ms(100);
UART_send_string("AT+SAPBR=1,1\r\n"); //Querying bearer
__delay_ms(500);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPINIT\r\n"); ////Initializing HTTP service.
__delay_ms(300);
//http://vehicleiot.in/gas/get.php?gas=100&load=100
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPPARA=\"URL\",\"http://vehicleiot.in/coma/get.
php?t="); //Setting up HTTP parameters..
val1(n1);
UART_send_string("&p=");

49
val1(pulse);
UART_send_string("&bp=");
val1(x);
UART_send_string("&emg=");
val1(y);
UART_send_string("&st=");
UART_send_string("PERSON FALL");
UART_send_string("\"\r\n");
__delay_ms(200);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPPARA=\"CID\",1\r\n"); //Set the CID
__delay_ms(300);;
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPACTION=0\r\n"); //HTTP action is read
__delay_ms(100);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPREAD\r\n"); //Read the HTTP response
__delay_ms(500);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPTERM\r\n"); //Terminating HTTP session..
__delay_ms(500);
__delay_ms(1000);
UART_send_string("AT+CMGS=\"+91904228573\"\r");
__delay_ms(150);
UART_send_string("PERSON FALL \n");
__delay_ms(200);
UART_send_char(0x1A); //////ctrl+z
UART_send_char(0x0D); //////enter
RD0=0;
__delay_ms(10000);
lcd_com(0x8F);

50
lcd_str(" ");
timer1=0;
pulse=0;
//k=0;
//RCIE=1;
//GIE=1;
//getgps();
}

if(x>100)
{
RD0=1;
lcd_com(0x8F);
lcd_str("H");
__delay_ms(100);
UART_send_string("AT+SAPBR=1,1\r\n"); //Querying bearer
__delay_ms(500);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPINIT\r\n"); ////Initializing HTTP service.
__delay_ms(300);
//http://vehicleiot.in/gas/get.php?gas=100&load=100
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPPARA=\"URL\",\"http://vehicleiot.in/coma/get.
php?t="); //Setting up HTTP parameters..
val1(n1);
UART_send_string("&p=");
val1(pulse);
UART_send_string("&bp=");

51
val1(x);
UART_send_string("&emg=");
val1(y);
UART_send_string("&st=");
UART_send_string("HIGH BP");
UART_send_string("\"\r\n");
__delay_ms(200);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPPARA=\"CID\",1\r\n"); //Set the CID
__delay_ms(300);;
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPACTION=0\r\n"); //HTTP action is read
__delay_ms(100);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPREAD\r\n"); //Read the HTTP response
__delay_ms(500);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPTERM\r\n"); //Terminating HTTP session..
__delay_ms(500);
__delay_ms(1000);
UART_send_string("AT+CMGS=\"+91904228573\"\r");
__delay_ms(150);
UART_send_string("HIGH BP \n");
__delay_ms(200);
UART_send_char(0x1A); //////ctrl+z
UART_send_char(0x0D); //////enter
RD0=0;
__delay_ms(10000);
lcd_com(0x8F);
lcd_str(" ");
timer1=0;

52
pulse=0;
//k=0;
//RCIE=1;
//GIE=1;
//getgps();
}

if((x>80)&&(x<100))
{
RD0=1;
lcd_com(0x8F);
lcd_str("L");
__delay_ms(100);
UART_send_string("AT+SAPBR=1,1\r\n"); //Querying bearer
__delay_ms(500);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPINIT\r\n"); ////Initializing HTTP service.
__delay_ms(300);
//http://vehicleiot.in/gas/get.php?gas=100&load=100
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPPARA=\"URL\",\"http://vehicleiot.in/coma/get.
php?t="); //Setting up HTTP parameters..
val1(n1);
UART_send_string("&p=");
val1(pulse);
UART_send_string("&bp=");
val1(x);
UART_send_string("&emg=");
val1(y);
UART_send_string("&st=");

53
UART_send_string("LOW BP");
UART_send_string("\"\r\n");
__delay_ms(200);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPPARA=\"CID\",1\r\n"); //Set the CID
__delay_ms(300);;
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPACTION=0\r\n"); //HTTP action is read
__delay_ms(100);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPREAD\r\n"); //Read the HTTP response
__delay_ms(500);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPTERM\r\n"); //Terminating HTTP session..
__delay_ms(500);
__delay_ms(1000);
UART_send_string("AT+CMGS=\"+91904228573\"\r");
__delay_ms(150);
UART_send_string("LOW BP \n");
__delay_ms(200);
UART_send_char(0x1A); //////ctrl+z
UART_send_char(0x0D); //////enter
RD0=0;
__delay_ms(10000);
lcd_com(0x8F);
lcd_str(" ");
timer1=0;
pulse=0;
//k=0;
//RCIE=1;
//GIE=1;

54
//getgps();
}

if(y>20)
{
RD0=1;
lcd_com(0x8F);
lcd_str("M");
__delay_ms(100);
UART_send_string("AT+SAPBR=1,1\r\n"); //Querying bearer
__delay_ms(500);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPINIT\r\n"); ////Initializing HTTP service.
__delay_ms(300);
//http://vehicleiot.in/gas/get.php?gas=100&load=100
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPPARA=\"URL\",\"http://vehicleiot.in/coma/get.
php?t="); //Setting up HTTP parameters..
val1(n1);
UART_send_string("&p=");
val1(pulse);
UART_send_string("&bp=");
val1(x);
UART_send_string("&emg=");
val1(y);
UART_send_string("&st=");
UART_send_string("MUSCLE MOVEMENT");
UART_send_string("\"\r\n");
__delay_ms(200);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPPARA=\"CID\",1\r\n"); //Set the CID

55
__delay_ms(300);;
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPACTION=0\r\n"); //HTTP action is read
__delay_ms(100);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPREAD\r\n"); //Read the HTTP response
__delay_ms(500);
UART_send_string("AT+HTTPTERM\r\n"); //Terminating HTTP session..
__delay_ms(500);
__delay_ms(1000);
UART_send_string("AT+CMGS=\"+91904228573\"\r");
__delay_ms(150);
UART_send_string("MUSCLE MOVEMENT \n");
__delay_ms(200);
UART_send_char(0x1A); //////ctrl+z
UART_send_char(0x0D); //////enter
RD0=0;
__delay_ms(10000);
lcd_com(0x8F);
lcd_str(" ");
timer1=0;
pulse=0;
//k=0;
//RCIE=1;
//GIE=1;
//getgps();
}
}
}

56
static void interrupt isr(void)
{
if(RCIF)
{
if(k<94)
{
msg[k]=RCREG;
k++;
}
else
{
RCIE=0;
}
RCIF=0;
OERR=0;
CREN=0;
CREN=1;
}
}

void lcd_init(void)
{
int i;

57
 unsigned char command[]={0x38,0x0c,0x06,0x01};
ADCON1=0X02;
__delay_ms(50);
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
lcd_com(command[i]);
__delay_ms(5);
}
__delay_ms(500);
}
void lcd_com(unsigned int com)
{
rs=0;
en=1;
lcd=com;
__delay_ms(10);
en=0;
__delay_ms(10);
}
void lcd_data(unsigned char dat)
{
rs=1;
en=1;
lcd=dat;
__delay_ms(10);
en=0;
__delay_ms(10);

58
}
void lcd_str(unsigned char *dat)
{
while(*dat)
{
lcd_data(*dat++);
}
}

void Init_UART()
{
TXSTA=0X24;
RCSTA=0X90;
TXREG=0X00;
RCREG=0X00;
SPBRG=0x81;
//SPBRG=25;
PEIE=1;
}

void UART_send_string(char *st)

{
while(*st)
UART_send_char(*st++);
}

59
char UART_getchar()
{
if(OERR)
{
CREN=0;
CREN=1;
}

while(!RCIF);
return RCREG;
}

void UART_send_char(char bt)

{
while(!TXIF);
TXREG=bt;
}
void ADC_Init()
{
ADCON0=0;
ADCON1=2;
ADON=1;
}
unsigned int ADC_Read(unsigned char channel)
{

60
 channel&=0x07;
ADCON0&=0xC5;
ADCON0|=(channel<<3);
__delay_ms(50);
GO_nDONE=1;
while(GO_nDONE)
continue;
return(ADRESH);
}
void refresh(int n)
{
int x[3],p,pulse;
for(p=0;p<3;p++)
{
x[p]=n%10;
n=n/10;
}
lcd_com(0xC7);
lcd_data(x[2]+0x30);
lcd_data(x[1]+0x30);
lcd_data(x[0]+0x30);

}
void pul(int f)
{
pulse=f;
int xy[3],p;

61
for(p=0;p<3;p++)
{
xy[p]=f%10;
f=f/10;
}
lcd_com(0xC2);
lcd_data(xy[2]+0x30);
lcd_data(xy[1]+0x30);
lcd_data(xy[0]+0x30);
}
void val(unsigned int re)
{
d1=(re/1000);
d2=((re-d1*1000)/100);
d3=((re-(d1*1000+d2*100))/10);
d4=(re-(d1*1000+d2*100+d3*10));
//lcd_display(d1+0x30);
//lcd_display(d2+0x30);
lcd_data(d1+0x30);
lcd_data(d2+0x30);
lcd_data(d3+0x30);
lcd_data(d4+0x30);
}

void delay()
{
unsigned char i;

62
for(i=0;i<255;i++);
}

void val1(unsigned int re)

{
delay(200);
d1=(re/1000);
d2=((re-d1*1000)/100);
d3=((re-(d1*1000+d2*100))/10);
d4=(re-(d1*1000+d2*100+d3*10));

UART_send_char(d1+0x30);
UART_send_char(d2+0x30);
UART_send_char(d3+0x30);
UART_send_char(d4+0x30);
delay(50);
}

4.5 MODULE DESIGN AND DRAFTING

63
Fig 4.5 DRAFTING 1

Fig 4.6 DRAFTING 2

64
 Fig 4.7 MODULE DRAFTING

This is the module drafting to make our system more compact size to make it
easier to handle.

Fig 4.8 MODULE

65
4.6 RESULT VALIDATION

S. No Parameters Normal Patient Coma Patient

1. Eye-Blink Open Close

2. Temperature 37 degree 32-36
3. Blood Pressure 80-120 60-70
4. Muscle Movement yes No
5. Heart Rate 60-100 70-90

We have tested our device with normal patient and the reading which we got is
shown in above table.

66
 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

The proposed work gives a detailed study of the health monitoring system and
proposed idea for a comatose patient health monitoring system. The information
provided the configuration of convention substances from non-useful
administration particulars towards executable basic projects. The proposed work
investigates how the deductions can be carried out in a formal calculus using an
interactive verification system. It highlights some important issues that arise
when attempting to match a glove device to an application. We unified our ideas
that are scattered throughout the vast literature on glove applications. We chose
to focus on the practical aspects, which we accomplish by explicitly
highlighting the constraints placed by the application and illustrating the
relevant issues with examples taken from the literature. With the help of this
system we can monitor the whole body of a coma patient and if there exists a
change in any part of the body of a patient then with the help of image
processing using MATLAB software, it will automatically generates an alarm
or send a message via CDMA mobile to a person sitting at a distant place.

After doing the literature survey some major issues are observed, like the
interrupted connectivity among devices effecting the communication. Also there
are compatibility issue in devices. Security of devices during communication
process and security of communication channel or link is also a major issue.
Some global guidelines should be used for this purpose. The future totally
depends on Internet of Thing, so lot of thing to do at implementation level. In
order to resolve security issues in IoT domain we propose to implement the
concept of Block Chain in IoT.

Based on concept of internet of things with implementation of several sensor

nodes in an identity-based Enhanced data transfer to send a message to an

67
Internet host in a public key infrastructure method. It helps for better diagnosis
of Coma patients with many chronic diseases who needs regular monitoring.
Hence Primary health check-ups are also made easy. Patients’ history is saved
on the server hence it benefits the follow-ups. As it uses information technology
for the assessment human errors are removed hence gives better performance.

While future research directions remain open to discussion, this proposed idea
has made it clear that the breadth of research in such devices will expand and
grow. This area of research remains very active and it is evident that
technological advances in computing, sensor devices, materials and
processing/classification techniques will make the next generation of glove
devices cheaper, more powerful, versatile and, we hope, more ubiquitous. The
role of software in making glove devices is more ubiquitous in our daily lives
cannot be overemphasized. We suspect that this moment is not far away for
glove devices the time frame will continue to be shortened as researchers from
different areas of academia and industry work toward resolving the
technological challenges in it.

68
REFERENCES

1. K Hamsageetha, P.Monisha and S.Yuvarani (2018) ‘Body Movement and

Heart Beat Monitoring for Coma Patient using IOT ’ IJIRSET Vol.7 Special
Issue 2.

2. Krishna Kumar Goyal, Amit Garg, Ankur Rastogi, Saurabh Singhal (2018)
‘Literature Survey on Internet of Things’ Int. J. Advanced Networking and
Application Vol.9 Issue.6.

3. Ravindiran, Zakir Hussain (2017) ‘Health Monitoring System for Comatose

Patients’ IJARIIT Vol.3 Issue.6.

4. Laura Dipietro, Angelo M. Sabatini (2008) ‘A Survey of Glove Based

System and their Application’ IEEE Vol.38.

5. Aparna Bahuguna (2015) ‘Literature Survey on GSM Network Identities’

IJRECT Vol.1 Issue.1.

6. Arun KP, Aswin Suresh, Jithin C (2018) ‘Comatose Patient Monitoring

System using Neural Oscilation and Mind Wave’ IJERT Vol.6 Issue.8.

7. Sam S Peter, Padmavathi S (2019) ‘An Improved Health Monitoring

System for Coma Patients using IOT’ IJETIE Vol.5 Issue.6.

8. Suliman Mohammad Fati, Amgad Muneer, Dheeraj Mungur, Ahmad

Badawi (2018) ‘Integerated Health Monitoring System using GSM and IOT’
ICSCEE

9. P.Vikram Gananaraja, P.Ranjana, P.Thenmozhi (2019) ‘Patient Monitoring

and Control System using IOT’ IJITEE Vol.8 Issue.6.

69
10. Geethanjali R, Harini S, Sabitha M, Majidha Fathima K.M (2019) ‘Health
Monitoring for Coma Patients’ IJERnD Vol.2 Issue.3.

11 Naveen Kansal, Hardeep Singh Dhillon, “Advanced Coma Patient

Monitoring System”, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering
Research Volume 2, Issue 6, June-2011 ISSN 2229-5518.

12 Malika, Charu Rana, “An Indoor Wireless Zigbee based Patient

Monitoring system for Hospitals”, International Journal of Engineering
Sciences Research-IJESR, Vol 04, Issue 02; March-April 2013.

13 K. Navya, Dr. M. B. R. Murthy, “A Zigbee Based Patient Health

Monitoring System”, Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications,
www.ijera.com, Vol. 3, Issue 5, pp.483-486, Sep-Oct 2013.

14 Amruta Chopade, Prof. Nitin Raut, “Remote Patients Health Monitoring by

Using Zigbee Protocol”, International Journal of Advanced Research in
Computer Science and Software Engineering, Volume 4, Issue 8, August 2014.

15 Xi Chen, “Human Motion Analysis with Wearable Inertial Sensors”,

University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 8- 2013.

16 Khalifa AlSharqi, Abdelrahim Abdelbari, Ali AbouElnour, and

Mohammed Tarique, “Zigbee based wearable remote healthcare montoring
system for elderly patients”International Journal of Wireless & Mobile
Networks (IJWMN) Vol. 6, No. 3, June 2014.

17 AmrutaNagarkar, M.N.Kakatkar, “Zigbee based wireless patient

monitoring”,International Journal of Science, Engineering and
TechnologyResearch(IJSETR),Volume 2, Issue 2, February 2013.

18 Paula Pascoal-Faria, Miguel Patrício, Adriana Leal, Francisco Caramelo,

António Freire, Cristina Januario, Miguel Castelo-Branco, “Understanding
Tremor in Rapid Upper Limb Movements Using 3D Accelerometers Data”,

70
Neuroscience & Medicine, 2014, 5, 205-213 Published Online December 2014
in SciRes.

19 H. Hz and H. Hu, "Human motion tracking for rehabilitation - Asurvey".

Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, Vol. 3, no. 1,pp.1-18, 2008.

20 E. Farella, A. Pieracci, A. Acquaviva, and L. Benini, “A Wireless Body

Area Sensor Network for Posture Detection" Computers and Communications,
2006. ISCC '06. Proceedings. 11th IEEE Symposium on, 2006.

21 T. D. Bui and L. T. Nguyen, “Recognizing Postures in Vietnamese Sign

Language With MEMS Accelerometers,” Sensors Journal, IEEE Volume 7,
Issue 5, May 2007.

22 Malcolm Elliott and Alysia Coventry, “Critical care: the eight vital signs of
patient monitoring”, British Journal of Nursing, Vol 21, No 10, March 2012.

23 M C Walker, M D O'Brien, “Neurological examination of the unconscious

patient”, Department of Neurology, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
Journal of the royal society of medicine, Volume 92, July 1999.

71