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Overcurrent Protection - Time and Current Grading

This document provides an example of calculating relay settings for a power system to ensure proper grading between protective devices. It includes details on the system configuration, relay characteristics, CT ratios, fuse ratings and calculations to determine the appropriate overcurrent protection settings for relays 1 through 5. Tables are included that list the relay settings, characteristics and timing multipliers determined for this example system. Diagrams show the final grading curves achieved between the protective devices.

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367 views5 pages

Overcurrent Protection - Time and Current Grading

This document provides an example of calculating relay settings for a power system to ensure proper grading between protective devices. It includes details on the system configuration, relay characteristics, CT ratios, fuse ratings and calculations to determine the appropriate overcurrent protection settings for relays 1 through 5. Tables are included that list the relay settings, characteristics and timing multipliers determined for this example system. Diagrams show the final grading curves achieved between the protective devices.

Uploaded by

moses kakwena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXAMPLES OF TIME AND CURRENT GRADING

1. RELAY PHASE FAULT SETTING EXAMPLE – IDMT RELAYS/FUSES

Consider the system shown in Figure 1.1.

(i) The problem is to calculate appropriate relay settings for relays 1 - 5 inclusive.
(ii) All curves are plotted to an 11kV base.
(iii) The contactors in series with fuses FS1/FS2 have a maximum breaking capacity of 3kA, and
relay F2 has been set to ensure that the fuse operates prior to the contactor for currents in
excess of this value.
(iv) CT’s for relays F1, F2 and 5 are existing CT’s with 5A secondaries, while the remaining CT’s are
new with 1A secondaries.
(v) Relay 5 is the property of the supply utility, and is required to be set using an SI characteristic in
order to ensure grading with up-stream relays.
ELECTRICAL PROTECTION – OVERCURRENT PROTECTION FOR PHASE AND EARTH FAULTS 1
Figure 7.4 (a): IDMT relay characteristics

Table 7.1. Definitions of standard relay characteristics


ELECTRICAL PROTECTION – OVERCURRENT PROTECTION FOR PHASE AND EARTH FAULTS 2
Table 7.2: Typical relay timing errors - standard IDMT relays

Relay Settings
Relay/Fuse Load Max. CT Fuse Characteristic Current setting TMS
current fault ratio rating
current
(A) (kA) (A) Primary Per
Amps Cent
F1 190 10.6 200/5 EI 220 110 0.1
F2 130 10.6 150/5 EI 180 120 0.25
FS1 90 10.6 - 125 - - - -
FS2 130 10.6 - 160 - - - -
1 400 12.2 500/1 EI 620 124 1.0
2 400 12.2 500/1 EI 620 124 1.0
3 1000 22.7 1000/1 EI 1060 106 0.85
Inst. 15860 14.96* -
4 2800 22.7 3000/1 SI 3000 100 0.15
5 2800 26.5 3000/5 SI 3300 110 0.26
* Of relay primary setting.

Table 7.5. Relay settings for over-current relay example 1.

ELECTRICAL PROTECTION – OVERCURRENT PROTECTION FOR PHASE AND EARTH FAULTS 3


Figure 9.30: Final relay grading curves for over-current relay example

Figure Ex.2.1.

Figure Ex.3.1.
ELECTRICAL PROTECTION – OVERCURRENT PROTECTION FOR PHASE AND EARTH FAULTS 4
ELECTRICAL PROTECTION – OVERCURRENT PROTECTION FOR PHASE AND EARTH FAULTS 5

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