BASIC
Arduino
Part I
Objectives
• Introduction to Arduino
• Build a 1-60MHz DDS VFO prototype, breadboard and write
Sketches, with Buffer amps to be designed, and PCB Using
your own laptop
• Go on to build other useful stuff - RF Meter, Digital mode
transmitters, QRP Transceiver, SWR Meter….
• Revise your knowledge
• Or start at the beginning
• Hands-on Amateur Radio
Components
• Arduino UNO single
board micro-computer
• Breadboard, wires
• LED, 220R
• LCD, Rotary Encoder
• Si5351 module
• Connecting wires
(male to male)
Arduino UNO
Setup your PC
• Club Wifi: BARS_AP
• Password: 1234567890
• Download and install Arduino IDE from
arduino.cc > Downloads
• If you have already installed, update to 1.8.1
Copy the USB Stick
Pass it round
• Quit/Exit Arduino IDE
• Make a folder and
copy the contents of
the stick to
Documents/Arduino
• Contains libraries and
a various sketches
Set-up IDE
• Create a folder/
directory:
Documents/
Arduino
• Start Arduino IDE
• Go to
Preferences,
select Arduino
Sketchbook
location
Re-start
Arduino IDE
Plug in your UNO
• Connect your UNO to your
PC by the USB Cable
• Start Arduino IDE > Tools
• Chose Board, Port
(COMx)
Coding
C++
• A problem can always be divided into bits, called
functions. Some already exists in libraries
• C++ language is based on libraries and functions
• We have lots already written for us
• Arduino IDE has a set of functions in its own libraries
• User libraries of functions have examples of how to
use them
Library example
• Use library:
#include “LiquidCrystal_I2C.h”
• Create an LCD object for your display, which has an I2C address of 0x3F,
16 columns and 2 rows
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x3F, 16, 2);
• Use the object
lcd.init();
lcd.print(“Hello World”);
Look at some real code
// include libraries for LCD
#include "LiquidCrystal_I2C.h"
Use library
// LCD I2C address, cols, rows
#define LCDADDR 0x27
//#define LCDADDR 0x3F
#define LCDCOLS 16
#define LCDROWS 2
// create an LCD object "lcd" Create lcd object
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(LCDADDR, LCDCOLS, LCDROWS);
// setup runs once on upload
void setup() {
// initialise the LCD & switch the backlight on
lcd.begin();
Use lcd functions
// move the cursor to col, row and output text
lcd.setCursor(3, 0);
lcd.print(" BASIC “);
pinMode(10, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(10, HIGH); Use Arduino functions
Take a look at the
Arduino Library
arduino.cc > Learning > Reference
Part II
Let’s continue our activities
LiquidCrystal_I2C corruption
problem has been solved
New USB Stick
1st: Delete all stuff in
Documents/Arduino/
2nd: Copy new USB stick to
Documents/Arduino/
Result?
Documents/Arduino/
Test sketch
• Plug in your Arduino UNO using the USB cable
• Open
File > Sketchbook > My_Blink
// My_Blink
// flashes a LED on pin 13
// pin number
#define LED 13
// the setup routine runs once
void setup() {
// initialise the digital pin 13 as an output
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
}
// the loop runs over and over again, forever
void loop() {
digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH voltage level)
delay(1000); // wait for 1 second (1000ms)
digitalWrite(LED, LOW); // turn the LED off (LOW voltage level)
delay(1000); // wait for 1 second
}
Upload
Your hardware
and it’s interface
LCD, Rotary Encoder
Synthesiser
Two kinds of Synthesiser
We
• There are two kinds will start
with
this one
• Digital output, Si5351
Good for mixers, SDR
• Analog output, AD9850
Needed for pure output
• Analog output generates
a sine wave using
a D/A convertor
Si5351 Synthesiser
• Si5351 has 3 outputs each
programmable
• The outputs are 3.3V, can
drive 8mA = 4dBm into 50R
• It has an I2C bus input SDA
& SCL (address 0x60)
• Frequency 10kHz to
> 200MHz
• 0.01Hz min tuning steps
• Arduino library
AD9850 Synthesiser
• AD9850 has sine wave and
digital outputs
• 5V operation
• Dedicated serial bus (not
I2C)
• > 30MHz output, LPF
• 0.0291Hz min thing steps
• Arduino library
LCD
• The display is 16
characters by 2 lines
• It has an address on the I2C Bus
I2C bus (0x3F or
0x27)
• It has a data line (SDA)
and a clock line (SCL) GND - ground
VCC - +5V
• Data is sent serially SDA - Data
SCL - Clock
Rotary Encoder
• The Rotary Encoder has a
two outputs
A (CLK)
• From the phase of the B (DT)
outputs you know the SW
direction +5V
GND
• Outputs A & B go to
digital input pins 2 & 3
• The shaft is a push button
switch, connected to pin 4
Serial I2C bus
Arduino talks to some hardware on a serial bus
A4
A5
Arduino is a “Master”
Devices are “Slaves”
Every slave has an address (0x60, 0x3F…)
The I2C bus
Arduino Pinout
• A plan for pin usage
• Interfaces for
• SIG/FWD, REV
• RETURN LOSS
• RFMETER
• I2C
• RX/TX SEQ
• AD9850 BUS
• BAND SELN
• PTT
• ENCODER
Using your
LCD
Build a display
• Connect up
SCL = A5
SDA = A4
VCC = 5V
GND = GND
• Open
My_LCD_Test-Basic
Upload
Press Reset to run again
Using your
Si5351
Build a VFO
• Connect up
SCL = A5
SDA = A4
VCC = 5V
GND = GND
• Open
Use a four
My_VFO_KB-Basic wire cable
• We will set the VFO
frequency from your
PC keyboard
Upload
1 Open Monitor My_VFO_KB-Basic
3 Enter Frequency in Hz
2 Set Newline Set 9600
Check output on a Radio
Build a 1-60MHz
VFO
Can extend to 10kHz to 200MHz (maybe higher)
VFO 1-60MHz
Wire encoder: Wire LCD:
CLK = D3 GND - GND
DT = D2 VCC - +5V
SW = D4 SDA - A4
GND - GND Use a five SCL - A5
+ - 3.3V wire cable
(+ can go to 5V or 3.3V)
Open
Use a four
My_VFO_Basic wire cable
Upload I2C Bus
Have fun.
Try transmitting
My_HELL_S/MT_5x7
and
My_WSPR
Remember
Si5351 - Mixers, SDRs, digital apps
AD9850 - Antenna analysers, low harmonic apps
