MN603- Wireless Network
and Security
Assignment
Contents
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................1
Motivation...................................................................................................................................1
Outline.........................................................................................................................................1
Routing Protocol..................................................................................................................................2
LEACH...................................................................................................................................................3
Energy consumption using LEACH.......................................................................................................3
Advantages and disadvantages............................................................................................................3
PEGASIS...............................................................................................................................................4
Energy consumption using PEGASIS...................................................................................................5
Advantages and disadvantages...........................................................................................................5
Introduction
Motivation:
In recent times wireless sensor has become a major research point for many organizations. A sensor is an
electronic device that can detect the surroundings from both environmental and physical conditions like
heat, light, pressure, etc.
WSN(Wireless sensor network) can be defined as information gathered from the monitored field through
wireless links and communicated through a network of devices. The data from the wireless network are
forwarded through a gateway with multiple nodes; the data is connected to the networks like a wireless
ethernet. A WSN consists of a number of nodes that are connected to the base station.
Outline:
In this report, we will discuss the WSN(Wireless sensor network), along with few routing protocols like
Leach and Pegasis, with a brief technical discussion on it. We will also discuss how this protocol routing
mechanism works, energy consumption, advantages, and disadvantages for two routing protocols(Leach
and Pegasis).
1
Wireless sensor Network
Routing Protocol:
The process of choosing a suitable path for the data packets to travel from source to destination is called a
Routing protocol, where these routing protocols face many difficulties while choosing the path. Where
selecting the path depends upon various factors like the type of network, channel character, and
performance.
Let's discuss two major routing protocols:
LEACH:
Where LEACH stands for "Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy," where LEACH protocol is a TDMA
based MAC protocol. Where LEACH consumes deficient energy to create and maintain the cluster heads by
which the lifespan of the WSN increases.
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LEACH Routing protocol
The LEACH protocol routing mechanism work's on two phases:
1) Set-up phase:
In this set-up phase, it creates the cluster and chooses one cluster head for every cluster, opting for the
sensor node with max energy.
2) Steady phase
This steady phase consists of longer duration when compared to the set-up phase with a cluster head along
with aggregation of data and transmission of the data to the base station.
Reduced energy consumption using LEACH:
1) A number of rounds should be increased.
2) The first node which gets delayed dies.
3) A deceleration in the dead of nodes.
4) The number of remaining nodes are more.
5) By increasing the lifetime of a network
Advantages of LEACH:
1) As cluster head lead the cluster's, which leads to reduced traffic for the network.
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2) As cluster move based on single-hop routing, which results in energy saving.
3) Because of cluster heads, the lifetime for the WSN is increased.
Disadvantages of LEACH:
1) It does not have any limit for creating a cluster head which leads to the data misplacement or failure in
delivering the data
2) The major drawback of the LEACH is when the cluster head dies, the clusters under the cluster head are
completely useless.
PEGASIS
Where PEGASIS stands for "Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems," which follows the
greedy algorithm and chain-based approach to transfer the data packet using the WSN routing protocol, in
this protocol, the nodes will arrange among themselves to form a chain, if any node in the chain dies, it
gets reconstructed, and it moves on. The primary approach of this protocol is to transmit and receive data
from the neighbor, and it takes continuous turns to cluster head to send the data to the sink node.
PEGASIS Routing protocol
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Reduced power consumption Using Pegasis:
In PEGASIS, each node takes node to be a cluster head taking a turn where energy load is distributed
among the sensor nodes in the network. Because of this Changing cluster head for every transmission, the
data also gets faster. The PEGASIS routing protocol can transmit and receive the data packets using the
same node if the node is full another node will take place as a cluster head by which in the same cluster
both the receiving and transmitting data can be transferred.
Advantages of PEGASIS:
1) Transmitting distance reduced compared to LEACH.
2)For 50m*50m, PEGASIS performs provides better by factor 2, and for 100m*100m is by factor 3.
3) Energy gets balanced because of cluster head is rotational.
Disadvantages of PEGASIS:
1) energy level is not considered when the head node is selected.
2) If there is only one node head, then it may cause a delay because of the bottleneck network.
3)Data transmission is redundant as only one node is selected.
