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Sample Space: Tosscoin

This document defines key probability concepts like sample space, sample points, events, mutually exclusive events, independent events, conditional probability, permutations, and combinations. It provides examples of experiments involving coins, dice and cards to illustrate these concepts and how to calculate the probability of different outcomes and events. Formulas are given for computing probabilities of independent and mutually exclusive events as well as conditional probabilities.

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Julius Cagampang
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46 views5 pages

Sample Space: Tosscoin

This document defines key probability concepts like sample space, sample points, events, mutually exclusive events, independent events, conditional probability, permutations, and combinations. It provides examples of experiments involving coins, dice and cards to illustrate these concepts and how to calculate the probability of different outcomes and events. Formulas are given for computing probabilities of independent and mutually exclusive events as well as conditional probabilities.

Uploaded by

Julius Cagampang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sample Space

STossCoin ={H , T }

S RollDice={1,2,3,4,5,6}

SCoin∧Dice ={H 1 , H 2 , H 3 , H 4 , H 5 , H 6 , T 1 ,T 2, T 3 , T 4 , T 5 , T 6 }

Common Probability experiments


1. Coin− { H , T } 2
2. Dice−{ 1,2,3,4,5,6 }=6
3. Card− {2 S ,2 H ,2 C , 2 D ….. AS , AH , AC , AD } =52outcomes

Sample Points

STossCoin ={H , T }

Sample points arethe elements inside the set


SCoin∧Dice ={H 1 , H 2 , H 3 , H 4 , H 5 , H 6 , T 1 ,T 2, T 3 , T 4 , T 5 , T 6 }

Events

S RollDice={1,2,3,4,5,6}

Event :an event , E , where outcome is greater than∨equal ¿ 3


E={3,4,5,6 }
4 2 1 1 1 1 2
P ( E )= = = + + + = =0.66=66.667 %
6 3 6 6 6 6 3

Mutually Exclusive Events

1. E xample : Event A , B

Event A=¿ Balls


Event B=¿ Balls

2. Event E : greater than∨equal ¿ 3={3,4,5,6 }


Event F :less than∨equal ¿ 3
Event E∧F are non−mutually exclusive events
3. Event E : greater than∨equal¿ 3={3,4,5,6 }

Event G :less than 3


Event G∧E are mutually exclusive event

If 2 events are mutually exclusive ,


P ( A∨B )=P ( A ) + P(B)
example : P ( E∨G )=P( greater than∨equal ¿3∨lessthan 3)
6
P ( 3,4,5,6,1,2 )= =1
6
4 2 6
P ( A∨B )=P ( E ) + P ( G )= + = =1
6 6 6

Independent Events

Example 1
A :Getting an Ace 3 on the first try
B:Getting an Ace 4 on the 2 nd try wihout putting the 1 st card back
1
P ( A )=
52
1
if 1 st try is King of Hearts , P ( B )=
52−1
0
if 1 st try is an Ace 4 , P ( B )=
52−1
Events A∧B are DEPENDENT events
Example 2
A :Getting an Ace 3 on the first try
B:Getting an Ace 4 on the2 nd try putting the 1 st card back
1
P ( A )=
52
1
if 1 st try is King of Hearts , P ( B )=
52
1
if 1 st try Ace 4 , P ( B )=
52
We can saythat A∧B are independent events

For independent events , P ( A∧B )=P ( A ) × P ( B )


1 1 1
P ( A∧B )= × = 2
52 52 52
Conditional Probability

SCoin∧Dice ={H 1 , H 2 , H 3 , H 4 , H 5 , H 6 , T 1 ,T 2, T 3 , T 4 , T 5 , T 6 }

Event E : Higher than 3


Event H :Coinis H
What is the probability of getting higher than 3 given that the cointoss is H ?
S E Given H ={H 1 , H 2, H 3 , H 4 , H 5 , H 6 }

P ( E given H )=P(E /H )
1+1+1 1
¿ =
6 2

Permutation

Example 1:1,7,4,5

How many 4−digit numbers can we form ?


1745 is different ¿ 1754 , we should permutation

4 × 4 × 4 × 4=4 4=4 P 4
Example 2:1,2,3,4,5,6
How many 4−digit numbers can we form ?
6 P 4=360

Combination

Example :∈a deck of card


Event A : How many ways can we get a 4 ¿ cards ?
nCr=26 C 4
26 C 4
P ( A )=P ( getting 4 ¿cards ) =
52C 4
Activity:

1. Conduct a probability experiment with at least 2 events.


2. Identify the Sample space, sample points/elements, probability of each element/events.
3. Compare the computed probability and the actual results.
4. Identify if the events are independent or dependent.
5. Identify if the events are mutually exclusive or not.

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