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Design and Construction of Honey Extractor

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 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 5 Issue 5, May 2018
ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968
www.ijiset.com

Design and Construction of Honey Extractor

Onwuamaeze Ikechukwu Patrick1, Joel Oluwayomi Oyejide2
1
Department Mechanical Engineering, Petroleum Training Institute, Effurun, Nigeria
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria

Abstract Honey has antibacterial and antiseptic constituent required

The traditional (manual) method of extracting honey leads to in treating wounds and typically various ailments including
reduction in nutritional value and quality thus, a honey extractor. gastric disturbances, ulcers, wounds, sore throat and burns
Honey extractor is a mechanical device used in honey extraction. [1, 7]. Honey helps to increase milk production in dairy
It extracts the honey from the comb without destroying the comb
cows, making donkey and race-horse poultry mesh and
by generating centrifugal force that helps in extracting the honey
from the honey comb. In this research work, we successfully
production of fish feeds. It is also used as a facial cleanser
designed and constructed a honey extractor machine. The and making hand lotion [9]. Presently, honey is extracted
dimensions of the mild steel drum is (300mm x 900mm), shaft from honey comb using tradition method. The traditional
(920mm long), net (193mm x 40mm x 423mm), wooden frame methods of extracting honey leads to reduction in
(300mm x 200mm), Tap/outlet (30mm), Frame holder (320mm x nutritional value and quality; the unripe and capped
220mm). Design parameters such as power, torque, bending honeycomb are collected at night [10], and the extraction
stress, shaft diameter, and centrifugal force were calculated for. is achieved by squeezing manually with the hand. It
The results obtained reveal that power of 2.5hp, centrifugal force involves the use of bare hands with a knife to cut open the
of 4.5KN, bending stress of 11.2GN/m2, torque of 115.2Nm, etc.
comb of the honey before extracting it into a container
were required for proper functioning of the machine.
Performance test evaluation results show that the machine was thereby damaging the honey comb. The local procedures
68.16% efficient, it required processing time of 68secs, and a of using bare hands include the use of buckets or
machine throughput capacity of 0.036okg/sec. containers, match, dry leaves or palm kernel shaft, torch
light, because the operation is done at night. After sitting
Keywords: Honey extractor machine, traditional method, bees, the bee comb, put the dry leaves or palm kernel chaff on
honey, efficiency, machine throughput capacity, performance the caped comb and heat for few minutes to kill both the
queen and the drones. Thereafter, an extracting knife is
used to pull of the uncapped comb and then put inside the
1. Introduction bucket or container. After the extraction, the honey is then
taken home and pressed with the hands to separate the
Bee is a winged, flower-feeding insect which have honey from the residue. The raw honey is filtered with a
branched body hairs. They are dependent on pollen as a sieve to remove the remaining particles after this the honey
protein source and on flower nectar or oils as an energy is ready and fit for consumption.
source. Bees are the most important pollinating insects.
Their interdependence with green plant makes them an Although this techniques this seems to be the quickest for
excellent example of the type of symbiosis known as an average honey tapper who cannot afford a honey
mutualism; in which two parties of an unlike organisms extractor or solar wax melter. However, the hand
benefits from each other. Bees generally produce honey contaminates the honey and unripe honey ferments within
mainly from the nectar of flowers, plant saps and few days after extraction, the materials collected are left
honeydew. Honey is a mixture of sugars comprising of untouched until the next morning and bee-wax which has
glucose and fructose, in addition to water (usually 17- 20%) become hardened at the top of the honey is removed and
[1-3]. It also contains very small amount of other the harvested honey is later poured into bottles [11].
substances like minerals, vitamins, proteins and amino
acids. According to the National Honey Board; pure honey Generally, honey extracted traditionally does not meet up
is so unique in taste that does not need the addition of any with international market standard; therefore, there is the
other sweetening substance [4-5]. Honey is the main need to construct and evaluate a honey extractor; a
ingredient in the alcoholic beverage meal (honey-wine or mechanical device that extracts honey from the honeycomb
honey-beer; typically made with honey and water mixture without destroying the comb. Honey extractor is a
with a pack of yeast added for fermentation) [6-7]. mechanical device used in honey extraction. It extracts the

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honey from the comb without destroying the comb. 2.1.4 Nuts and Bolts
Extractors work by a centrifugal force. A drum holds a They are used to tightening of those parts were
frame basket which rotates throwing the honey out of the welding are not required.
comb. With this method, the wax comb stays intact within
the frame and can be reused by the bees. This concept is 2.1.5 Honey Comb Frame
very important to bee keepers. It is basically an electrical The honey comb frame helps to hold the honey
operated machine; the different components are made from together with the comb firmly in the wood cage. During the
available and affordable materials. This machine is spinning of the shaft, the honey is extracted out of the
designed to be used at any time of the day no matter the wooden frame leaving the honey wax or comb behind.
temperature or weather conditions. Bees cover the filled in
cells with wax cap that must be removed. There are 2.1.6 Outlet /Tap
different types of electrically operated extracting machine; It is mounted at the bottom of the drum. It allows the
there is the twenty frame extractors loaded with four honey to flow out of the drum.
frames turning. Extracting machine is either tangential or
radial depending on how the frames are put into the basket. 2.1.7 Wooden Frame Holder
The aim of this research work is to design and construct an The wooden frame holders are circular shape with
honey extractor. spaces radially and tangentially fixed to the rims. The rims
also helps in the rotation of the honey comb frame, it also
helps to hold the honey comb frame in position so that it
2. Materials and Method does not fall off during spinning.

2.1 Materials/Components 2.1.8 Net

The complete design of the equipment consisted of the The net is tightly fixed to both sides of the honey
designed equipment components assembled to give parts comb wooden frame. The net helps to separate the honey
which in turn were assembled forming the equipment. The from the honey wax or comb.
components designed include frame, basket, frame support,
housing stand, bearing housing, mountings, transmission 2.1.9 Stand/Support
system, central shaft, drive shaft, pulley, belt, bush The stand or support holds all components above the
bearings, drive mounting bracket, stands, housing column, ground level.
bolts and nuts, heater nut and handle pipe. All the
components designed were either machine or fabricated 2.1.10 Bearing Housing
from stainless steel or nylon. The components were then The purpose and function of the bearing housing is simply
assembled into parts such as cage assembly, drive shaft to houses the bearings.
assembly, handle assembly and vessel assembly. The parts
were eventually assembled to give one unit. The honey 2.1.11 Belt
extractor is made with the following materials and The belt is used in the transmission of power
components: generated by the electric motor down to the pulley shaft
and other components of the honey extracting machines.
2.1.1 Drum
The drum is made with mild steel material. It encloses 2.1.12 Electric Motor
the bicycle rims shaped type metal steel and also serves as Electric motor is the prime mover for the electricity
a means of collecting the product through the tap or outlet. and the pulley shaft.

2.1.2 Shaft 2.1.13 Motor Pulley /Shaft Pulley

This is the rod that is welded to the bicycle rim The motor pulley with the machine pulley is grooved
shaped type of steel metal which rotates the rim. mainly to accommodate the V-belt.

2.1.3 Bearing
The purpose of the bearing is to support the shaft in a
relative constraint motion. The bearing serves as a turning
point in the parts or joint of the machines. 2.2 Description of Machine
The dimensioning of the mild steel drum is (300mm x
900mm), shaft (920mm long), net (193mm x 40mm x

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423mm ), wooden frame (300mm x 200mm), Tap/outlet

(30mm), Frame holder (320mm x 220mm) and other
dimension shall be listed in the process of designing of the
machine. It makes use of an electric motor with a pulley
connected by a belt to the pulley of shaft, which transmit
torque /power to the honey extractor; thereby rotating the
honey extracting machine in order to extract honey from
the honey comb. This machine extracts honey from the bee
wax or honey comb. The extractors are either tangential or
radial extractors depending on how the frames are put into
the extractor basket. It typically works on centrifugal
action or force. During extraction process, the honey is
forced out of the uncapped wax cells or combs, runs down Fig. 1 Rotating Cylinder Rod
the walls of the extractor and pools at the bottom of the
extractor. A tap or honey pump allows for the removal of
honey from the extractor.

2.3 Design Parameters

The design parameters include the following:
i. Drive transmission Fig. 2 Stretching Rotating Cylinder Rod
ii. Selection of electric motor
iii. Minimum diameter of drive shaft Volume of rotating cylinder = πr2h (1)
iv. Selection of bearing But,
h = 2πr (2)
2.4 Design Specification and Consideration where;
The equipment is designed to extract honey H = Perimeter of rotating cylinder which represent the
simultaneously from six frames using centrifugal force height
directed at the center of rotation of the central shaft. The r = Radius of rotating cylinder
broad terms in the preliminary specifications were Thickness (t) = Diameter =8mm
expanded and translated into measurable quantities such as Radius(r) = Diameter/2 = 440/2 = 220mm
volume, size, and dimensions. The dimensions of both h= 2 x 3.142 x 0.22= 1.382m
radial and tangential extractor vessels were determined by r = 4mm = 0.004m
using the standard dimensions of the deep super frames. Thus,
The manipulation of frame width, breadth and length gave Volume = 3.142 x 0.004 x 0.004 x 1.382 = 6.95 x 10-5m3
the diameter and length of the extractor vessel. The But since the volume is at the top and bottom (Fig. 3)
following factors were put into consideration:
i. Weight of rotating cylinder
ii. Power required to turn the shaft

2.5 Detail Designed

2.5.1 Weight of rotating cylinder (W r )
The rotating cylinder is made of mild steel with
density 7850kg/m3.To obtain the volume of the basket as
per calculating for the weight we obtain an equivalent
value of the rod used in constructing the rotating cylinder.

Fig. 3 Honey Extractor rotating cylinder

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Since there are two (2) rotating cylinder

Required volume = 2 x 6.95 x 10-5m3
= 13.9 x 10-5m3
But,
Mass = Density x volume (3)
Density for mild steel = 7850kg/m3
Volume of Basket = 13.9 x 10-5m3
Thus,
Mass of rotating cylinder = 7850 x 13.9 x 10-5 = 1.1kg
Also,
W B = mg (4)
where; Fig. 5 Top surface of rotating cylinder
W B = Weight of rotating cylinder
g = Acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 One horizontal rod was model as a cylinder
W B = 1.1 x 9.81=10.8N Volume = πr2h
Recall that,
To obtain the mass of the column (Figure 4) Radius = 4mm
Height of rod = 194mm
V = 3.142 x 4 x 4 x 194 = 9752.768mm3
= 0.000009752m3
Mass = 7850 x 0.000009752
= 0.076kg
For both up and down horizontal Rod (24 rod),
Therefore mass would be = 24 x 0.076
Mass = 1.85kg
Weight (W R ) = 9.81 x 1.85 = 18.14N

2.5.2 Weight of honey (W H )

Weight of honey = Volume of total net x Density of honey
x Gravity
W H = ρvg (5)
Fig. 4 Rotating Cylinder Column Density of honey = 1420kg/m3
V = Volume of net =?
Volume of column = πr2h g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.81m/s2
where, N = number of net = 6
h = height = 424mm, Volume of net = length x breadth x height
r = radius = 22.5mm Height of net = 423mm
Volume = 3.142 x 22.52 x 424 = 674430.3mm3 = Length of net = 193mm
0.0006744m3 Width of net = 40mm
Using Equation (3) where density remain the same Volume of net = 193 x 40 x 423
Density of mild steel = 7850kg/m3 V = 3265560mm3= 0.00327m3
Volume = 0.0006744 m3
Mass = Density x Volume Weight of honey = Density of honey x volume of net x
Mass of column = 7850 x 0.0006744 = 5.29kg gravity x number of net
But column are four in number therefore we obtain total W H = 1420 x 0.00327 x 9.81 x 6 = 273.3N
mass as 4 x 5.29kg = 21.16kg
Weight (W C ) = 9.810 x 21.16 = 207.6N Therefore the net weight is the sum of all the weight that is
For the top surface of rotating cylinder (Fig. 5) required to driven by the electric motor.
That is,
W T = W r +W R + W C + Ws + W H
W T = 10.8 + 18.14 + 207.6 + 13.86 + 273.3
Total Weight = 523.7N
Therefore Total weight to be driven is 523.7N

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ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968
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Thus,
2.5.3 Required Power F = (53.4 x 4.312) / 0.22
To obtain the power to drive the weight of the system; F c = 4508N = 4.5KN
Power = T x ω (6)
where, 2.5.5 Design of the Drive Transmission System
T = Torque The transmission system of the honey extractor
Ω = Angular velocity in rpm consist of various parts, of which the belt and pulley are
But, the major parts, in our work, the pulley and belt was design
Torque = Force (weight) x r (7) with length, thickness, and other properties in
where, consideration
r = radius of the driven system
Diameter of rotor system = 440mm 2.5.6 Design of Pulley
r = D/2 = 440/2 = 220mm The power is transmitted from the electric motor
r = 220mm = 0.220m through the pulley (driver) that is connected to it, to the
Torque = 523.7 x 0.220 vertical shaft which have a driven pulley. Formula related
Torque = 115.2Nm to pulley is given below when belt creep is neglected;
To obtain Power (W) N 1 X D 1 =N 2 X D 2 (12)
Required speed = 850rpm where,
(8) N 1 = Speed of the motor rpm)
D 1 = Diameter of the driver (motor) pulley (mm)
N 2 = Speed of the driven pulley (rpm)
D 2 = Diameter of the driven pulley (mm)
Therefore power to run this system
Power = T ω = 115.2 x 19.59 = 2247W 2.5.7 Speed required to drive the system (Driven speed)
Power = 2.2KW Since the pulley is connected to the electric motor
arbor, therefore it has the same speed of the electric motor
Therefore the power required to drive the system is 2.2Kw. which is 850 rpm.
From the calculation above it show that the minimum We have that;
power required to drive the entire system is 2.5hp Centrifugal force of the system (F C ) = 4508N
Velocity of the system (v) =?
2.5.4 Centrifugal Force Total mass to be rotated = total weight to be driven /
To obtain the centrifugal force at which the system acceleration due to gravity
will rotate about its center we apply the formula: Recall that;
F c = mv2/r (9) Total weight =523.7N
where, Gravity =9.81m/s
F c = centrifugal force Total mass = 523.7 / 9.81
m = mass of the rotating system Total mass =53.4kg
v = velocity of the rotating system Centrifugal force = total mass x velocity of the system
r = radius of the rotating system 4508 = 53.4 X V 2
From our design; Velocity of the system = 84.4m/s
r = 220mm = 0.22m Angular velocity of the system (ω) = Velocity of the
Mass = Total weight of the system / gravity system (v) x radius of the rotating system (r)
m = 523.7 / 9.81 = 53.4kg where,
But r = 220mm = 0.22m
v = ωr (10) V 2 = 84.4m/s
where, ω = 84.4X 0.22 =18.6rad/s
ω = Angular velocity of rotating part From;
r = 0.22 m
ω =2πrN 2 / 60
ω = πDN/60 (11)
18.6 = 2 X 3.142 X 0.22 X N 2 / 60
ω = (3.142 x 0.44 x 850)/60
∴ N 2 =706rpm
ω = 19.59 rad/s
By substitution
Therefore, the minimum speed required to drive the
v = 19.59 x 0.22
entire system is 706rpm
v = 4.31m/s

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From the calculation, we were able to estimate the where,

size of the driver and the driven pulley to transmit the Torque (T) on shaft = 115.2NM
speed required. Modulus of Rigidity of mild steel shaft (C) = 80GN/m2
Angle of Twist (ϴ) =?
N 1 = speed of the motor = 850rpm Length of shaft (L) = 110mm
D 1 = diameter of the driver (motor) pulley = 50mm
N 2 = speed of the driven pulley = 706rpm (15)
D 2 = diameter of the driven pulley =? Radius (R) = 7.5mm
N 1 X D 1 =N 2 X D 2 Bending moment (M) = load (F) x length (L) (16)
850 x 50 = 706 x D 2 Load on shaft (F C ) 4.5KN
∴ D 2 = 60.1mm I p = 3.142/32 x (15)4 = 4.97074 x 10-9m4
Therefore the diameter of the driven pulley is 60.1mm
For Angle of Twist (ϴ) = =
when a 50mm diameter driver pulley is used.
For Angle of Tw
Angle of Twist (ϴ) = 0.030
2.5.8 Length of the Belt Required
The maximum bending moment will occur at the mid-
For an open belt drive, the length is calculated as follow;
point, which is half of the length
Length (L) = 55mm = 0.055m
(13) Bending moment at mid-point;
Given that, M = F C X L = 4.5 X 0.055
Diameter of driver pulley (D 1 ) = 50mm Bending Moment 0f the shaft = 0.248KNm
Diameter of driven pulley (D 2 ) = 60.1mm This gives the bending moment of the shaft
Distance between pulleys (C) = 300mm Also for the bending stress;
Length of belt (L) =?
L = 2 X 300 + 1.57 (60.1 + 50) + (60.1 – 50)2 / 4 X 300
= 772.9mm (17)
The length of the belt required is 772.9mm, which is M=0.248kN-m, d=15mm=0.015m
required to drive the two pulleys

2.5.9 Angle of Twist of the Shaft Also for equivalent twisting moment T e , which is the
Consider the free body diagram below in other to get the twisting moment which when acting alone, produces the
angle of twist and also the bending moment and twisting same shear stress as the actual twisting moment.
moment of the shaft;
(18)
M=0.248KNm
T=115.2KNm

For equivalent bending moment M e , which is the

moment that acts alone produces the same tensile or
compressive stress as the actual bending moment.
Using,
(19)

2.5.10 Bearing Design

The bearing is an already made component. Choice of
Fig. 6 Angle of Twist of the Shaft selection will be dependent on the diameter of the shaft.
The internal diameter of the bearings has to correspond to
the diameter of the shaft.
(14)

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2.5.10.1Factors Considered in Selecting the Bearing 3. Results and Discussion

i. The amount of load to be carried.
ii. The nature of the load (thrust or axial). Test was carried out to determine the efficiency and
iii. Expected life of the bearing. performance of the electrical honey extractor. To carry out
iv. Nature of the working environment. this test the various components comprising the electrical
Table 1 shows the dimensions of the ball bearings honey extractor such as drum, electric motor, structural
basket, shaft, wooden frame and its holder etc., were
Table 1: Dimension of Ball Bearings checked for faults and found to be satisfactory. The
Bearing Bore Outer Diameter transmission belt was connected between the main shaft
Series Diameter (mm) pulley and the electric motor pulley and both were aligned
(mm) accordingly. The machine is switch on and the honey comb
L00 10 26 placed inside the wooden frame and then slotted into the
200 10 30 structural basket frame holder. With the aid of the
300 10 35 centrifugal force, the honey extractor was able to spin out
Log 12 38 honey from the honey comb. An average mass of 2.45kg
201 12 32 of honeycomb was used for the evaluation of the machine.
: : : This produced 1.67kg of honey with an extraction time of
Lo6 30 55 68seconds. Equation (20), [12] and Equation (21) were
206 30 62 used to calculate the machine throughput capacity and
efficiency of the machine.
306 30 72
: : : (20)
Lo8 40 :
(21)
It was observed that the time taken for honey extraction
Lo6 series of bore 30mm was selected for the design. had a significant effect on the weight of honey extracted,
Ball bearing is chosen because it is easy to couple and efficiency and capacity of the machine. The efficiency of
uncouple and also, the cost is relatively low. the machine was obtained as 68.16% and this is an
indication that the machine is efficient. Also, the machine
2.6 Construction Details throughput capacity was obtained 0.0360kg/sec. The
All produced parts were coupled together or fixed summary of results of detail designed is show in Table 2.
together to their position. Operations carried out include Volume of rotating cylinder, torque, centrifugal force,
riveting, bolting, press-fitting of bearings, keying of bending stress, required power, etc., were obtained as
pulleys and welding. The conceptual design selected for 13.10E-5m3, 115.2Nm, 4.5KN, 11.2GN/m2, and 2.5hp
detained designs is the combined honey extractor and respectively.
processor assembly, which will also act as a settling and
filtering tank. All the operations of honey extraction, Table 2:
processing, settling and filtering that was usually carried Designed Parameter Values
out via four different equipment was carried out in this one Obtained
unit equipment (the combined honey extractor and Volume of rotating cylinder (m3) 13.9E-5m3
processor assembly). The equipment designed and
Density of mild steel (kgm-3) 7850
constructed will extract honey from honey combs in frames
Mass of rotating cylinder (kg) 1.1
by a centrifugal force, and process it by indirect heating
Weight of rotating cylinder (N) 10.8
through a heat transfer medium and settling and filtering in
Weight of rotating column (N) 207.6
the same unit for packaging.
Mass of rotating column (kg) 5.29kg
2.7 Finishing Operation Volume of net (m3) 0.00327
After all parts and sub-parts have been assembled, the Weight of honey (N) 273.3
machine was cleansed with emery cloth, greased at Torque (Nm) 115.2
necessary parts such as the bearing and some parts painted. Required speed (rpm) 850
Standard components that suit our design were bought Required power (hp) 2.5
(Cost effective) as they were already made, such Centrifugal force (kN) 4.5
components like pulley, belt, bearings, bolt and nuts etc. Load on shaft (kN) 4.5
Angle of twist 0.03

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Bending moment (KNm) 0.248 Figure 7 shows the exploded view of the machine
Bending stress (GN/m2) 11.2
Bending moment (KN) 57.7

Fig. 7 Dimensioned view

Fig. 8 shows the isometric view of the machine

Fig. 8 Isometric view

Fig. 9 shows the exploded view of the machine

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Fig. 9: Exploded view

Fig. 10 shows the orthographic view of the machine

Fig. 10: Orthographic view

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Fig. 11 shows the CAD modeled view

Fig. 11: CAD modeled view

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machine efficiency and capacity of the honey extractor 16(2): 1-10
were obtained as 1.67kg, 2.45kg, 68seconds, 68.16%, [7] Bitzer, Honeycomb technology. United Kingdom: Houghton
0.0360kg. Mifflin, 1997, 32-45
[8] E. Crane, Local method of extracting honey, Journal of
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