LOGIC FORMULATION
Logic Formulation
Defines Algorithm and Flowchart
Understand the use of Algorithm and
flowchart
Learn the guidelines for drawing a
flowchart
Create flowcharts
Algorithms
The solution to any computing
problems involves executing a series
of actions in a specific order
◼ A procedure for solving a problem in
terms of:
◼ The actions to be executed, and
◼ The order in which these actions are to be
executed.
Example:
Get out of bed
Take off pajamas
Take a shower
Get dressed
Eat breakfast
Get ready to work
Flowchart
is a graphical representation of an
algorithm.
◼ Uses of Flowchart
◼ To test the validity of the statements entered
in a program.
◼ To determine if the sequence of instruction is
correct.
Example as a flowchart
Process starting
Point
HEAD
Steps in the Process
Decision
BODY
End
TAIL
Different symbols
used in flowcharting.
The Terminal Symbols
Start / End
It represents the beginning and end of a program or point of
interruption in a program.
Preparation Symbol
Sum = 0
X=5
Y = 10
Name = “ ”
It indicates the initialization of certain variables to given
values, usually 0 for numeric variables and null for string
variables.
The Input/Output Symbol
Display: sum
Input: x,y
It represents an activity to an input or an output device.
The Process Symbol
Sum = A + B
It represents an instruction that involves arithmetic
calculations or assigning a value into a variables.
The Decision Symbol
YES
If age = 40
It signifies a
decision usually
expressed in an IF…
THEN statement.
NO
The Connector Symbol
A
A
It is used to designated an entry
from or an exit to another part of
the flowchart on the same page.
Off-Page Connector Symbol
Next Page
B
B
End of the Page
Shows an exit to or an entry to another
part of the flowchart on a different
page.
Flowlines
Used to show the direction of flow of
data and the sequence of instruction in a
program.
Guidelines in Flowcharting
A flowchart always begins with a START and is completed
by END/STOP.
Symbols are interconnected by headed arrows.
An arrowhead indicates the direction to be followed. The
normal direction of flow in a flowchart is from top to bottom
and from left to right.
An oblong, hexagon, parallelogram, rectangle or circle may
have only arrow branching out, but may have one or more
arrows branching in.
A diamond must have more than one arrow branching out,
but may have one or more arrows branching in.
Whenever circles are used, the symbol leading to a circle
should flow to the symbol where a circle containing a
similar character leads to.
The sequence of symbols matters. It indicates a step-by-
step logic to be followed.
Example:
Create a flowchart
that will input 3
student name and
display.
START a
Input z
X,y,z = “ “
Display x,y,z
Input x
Input y STOP
a
Activity #1
Create a flowchart
that will input 3
numbers and
display the sum
the 3 numbers.
START
a..j = 0
Sum = 0
Display sum
Input: a..j
STOP
Sum=a+b+..+j
a
Activity #2
Create a flowchart that
will input 3 students
name and their age.
Display the student
name and age.
b
a
START
Input c
Input z
X,y,z = “ “
a,b,c = 0
Display x,y,z
Input a
Input x
Display a,b,c
Input b
Input y
b Stop
a
Activity #4
Given the length and
width of a rectangle,
prepare a flowchart to
compute the area.
Quiz
Given the amount in
pesos, convert it to
dollar. Assume Php
43.53 = $1.00.
Assignment
•Create a flowchart that will
input 10 score. Compute
the average. And display
the average.
Flowchart
a b c
START
Sum=s1+s2+s3+s4
Input: s3 Input: s7
s1,s2,s3,s4,s5, +s5+s6+s7+s8+s9
s6,s7,s8,s9,s10 = 0 +s10
Sum = 0
Ave = 0
Input: s4 Input: s8
Ave= sum/10
Input: s1
Input: s9
Input: s5
Display ave
Input: s2
Input: s10
Input: s6
a c STOP
b
Activity #1
Create a flowchart that
will input 3 numbers
and if the sum of the 3
numbers are even then
display “Hello”, if not
display “Hi”.
a b
START
Input: z
If(
x,y,z= 0 (sum%2) yes
Display “Hello”
Sum = 0 =0)
Sum=x+y+z
Input: x no
Display “Hi”
b
Input: y
a STOP
Activity #2
Create a flowchart that will
input the student name
and age. If the age is equal
or less than 19 the display
“Teenager”, if not then
display “Adult”.
Activity#2:
a
START
If age yes
<= Display “Teenager”
name= “”
age = 0 19
no
Input: name
Display “Adult”
Input: age
STOP
a
Seatwork
Create a flowchart the will input student
name and 5 quiz, compute the
average of the quizzes. If the
average is below 75 display “FAILED”
or else display “PASSED”.
