Questions & Answers

- Radiographic Testing (RT) Level - 1 - 2 - 3

by Edward A. Ginzel *
Acknowledgement:
Materials Research Institute Canada are thanked for permission to use their
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Level Question [Ref]

3
1 In a betatron, acceleration of electrons into circular path is achieved by [AGFA]
a) a rotating magnetic field
b) travelling wave guides
c) the Villard doubling circuit
d) venturi tubes
Electrostatic or Van de Graff generators have their advantage in that
2 [AGFA]
they
a) operate in the 1 to 2 MeV region
b) have relatively small focal spots
c) have reasonably high output
d) all of the above
For type-2 exposure devices using a flexible metal drive cable to
3 [ASNT]
position the isotope, the isotope capsule is attached to a
a) zircalloy tube
b) pigtail
c) depleted uranium shield
d) quick disconnect coupling
Should an isotope camera be found to be leaking radioactive material
4 [ASNT]
subsequent to a wipe test
a) the depleted uranium is to be replaced
b) all exposures since the last wipe test are to be recalled
c) the source is to be destroyed
d) none of the above
The time it takes to reestablish the electric field intensity required in a
5 G-M counter after the counter has been paralysed by ion avalanche is [ASNT]
called
a) resolving time
b) dead time
c) quench time
d) dwell time
In LiF dosimetry, energy stored in the material as a result of irradiation
6 [ASNT]
is released by
a) applying a voltage
b) heating
c) illuminating
 d) resonating
In the Van de Graff generator, the heated cathode can be replaced by a
7 [ASNT]
gaseous discharge for
a) electron supply
b) positive ion acceleration
c) coolant purposes
d) prevention of arcing
The mathematical equation describing the law of electric forces is
8 [Burns]
called
a) Planck's Law
b) Einstein's Law
c) Newton's Law
d) Coulomb's Law
9 Inertia is a property of [Burns]
a) matter
b) x-rays
c) neutrinos
d) light
10 A single unit of electromagnetic energy is a (an) [Burns]
a) magneton
b) electron
c) phonon
d) photon
What is the kinetic energy of an electron ejected from the K-orbit of an
11 atom by photoelectric absorption if the K-orbit binding energy is 500 [Burns]
eV and the photon energy is 1 keV?
a) 0 eV
b) 500 eV
c) 1000 eV
d) 2500 eV
12 The equation E=mc� was first derived by [Burns]
a) J.J. Thompson
b) Mme Curie
c) Planck
d) Einstein
The difference between the mass of the nucleus and the sum of the
13 [Friedlander]
masses of the particles making up that nucleus is the
a) mass coefficient
b) delta force
c) binding energy
d) thermal power factor
14 In � decay, the atomic number (Z) changes by [Friedlander]
a) -1
b) 0
c) 1
 d) 4
In positron decay, in addition to the positron a(n) ________ is also
15 [Friedlander]
emitted.
a) neutron
b) neutrino
c) electron
d) alpha particle
A nucleus having more energy than it has in its ground state is
16 [Friedlander]
considered to be in a(n) _________ state.
a) elevated
b) charged
c) excited
d) isomeric
If a nucleus is in an excited state, it can return to its ground state by
17 [Friedlander]
emission of a(n)
a) electron
b) gamma photon
c) neutrino
d) alpha particle
If an excited state nucleus returns to ground state via internal
18 [Friedlander]
conversion
a) an x-ray is emitted
b) an electron is emitted
c) an electron is captured
d) the atomic number(Z) increases
In most radiography of steel under 50mm thick the largest portion of [IIW
19
time spent in producing the finished product (radiograph) is in Handbook]
a) setting-up
b) exposure
c) development
d) all of the above equally
Inspite of the fact that maximum detectability of nonfusion defects
[IIW
20 might occur if the x-ray beam is not parallel to the fusion wall, butt
Handbook]
welds are usually radiographed such that
a) the beam is parallel to the film
b) the film is at right angles to the weld
c) the beam is at right angles to the weld
d) the beam is at right angles to the film and 45� to the weld
Prior to evaluating a component from a radiograph of the part, the [IIW
21
radiograph is evaluated for quality based on Handbook]
a) latitude
b) density
c) sensitivity
d) all of the above
When the number of orbital electrons equals the number of nuclear
22 [Jaundrell]
protons in an atom is
 a) a positive ion
b) a negative ion
c) in a normal neutral state
d) considered to be meta-stable
23 1 milliampere second is equivalent to ________ coulombs [Jaundrell]
a) 0.001
b) 0.01
c) 1
d) 1000
Two 2 ohm resistors connected in parallel result in a total resistance of
24 [Jaundrell]
________ ohms.
a) 0.25
b) 0.5
c) 1
d) 4
25 If 2 �F capacitors are connected in series the resultant capacitance is [Jaundrell]
a) 0.25�F
b) 0.5�F
c) 1�F
d) 4�F
26 Resistance in most conducting wires tends to decrease with increasing [Jaundrell]
a) density
b) vacuum (negative pressure)
c) mass
d) temperature
Grenz rays, typically used in x-ray diffraction work, have energies in [Training
27
the range of Manual 3]
a) 1-2MeV
b) 500-1000 keV
c) 50-100 keV
d) 5-20 keV
A radiation induced alteration in the DNA of a cell that does not kill the [Training
28
cell but alters characteristics of the off-spring of that cell is Manual 3]
a) mutation
b) sterilization
c) clonogenesis
d) metamorphosis
[Training
29 Ionizing radiation refers to
Manual 3]
a) electromagnetic radiation
b) corpuscular radiation
c) radiation from the useful beam only
d) any EM or corpuscular radiation that is capable of producing ions
X-radiation that is emitted from an x-ray tube that does not make up the [Training
30
useful beam is Manual 3]
 a) wasted
b) scatter radiation
c) secondary radiation
d) leakage radiation

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References (NDT TestMaker software)

1. [Training Manual 2] Minister of Supply and Services Canada Training Manual 2, Radiation hazard
Control in Industrial Radiography, Health and Welfare Canada, 1982.
2. [Training Manual 3] Minister of Supply and Services Canada Radiation Hazard Control in Industrial
Radiography RPB - TM - 3, Health and Welfare Canada, 1973
3. [Asimov] Asimov, Issac, Understanding Physics: The Electron, Proton and Neutron, New American
Library, Inc. , 1966
4. [Burnham] Burnham, J.U. Radiation Protection Point Lepreau Generating Station, N.B. Power,1986
5. Chesney, D.N., & Chesney, M.O., Radiation Photography, William Clowes & Sons, 1965 Chesney
6. [Jaundrell] Jaundrell-Thompson,F. & Ashworth, W.K., X-ray Physics and Equipment, Blackwell
Scientific Publications, 1965
7. [Agfa] Agfa-Gevaert N.V., Industrial Radiography, Agfa-Gevaert N. V., 1986
8. [Burns] Burns, D. M. & MacDonald, S.G.G., Physics for Biology and Pre-Medical Students,
Addison-Wesley Publsihing Company, 1970
9. [Hall] Hall, E. J., Radiobiology for the Radiobiologist, Second Edition, Harper and Row, Publishers,
1978
10. [Friedlander] Friedlander.G., Kennedy.J.W., Miller,J.M., Nuclear and Radiochemistry, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., 1964
11. [ASNT]American Society for Nondestructive Testing Nondestructive Testing Handbook, Vol. 2,
Second Edition, American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1982
12. Halmshaw, R., Mathematics and Formulae in NDT British Institute of Nondestructive Testing, 1983
Math in NDT
13. [IIW Handbook] International Institute of Welding, Handbook on Radiographic Apparatus and
Techniques, International Institute of Welding, 1961
14. [Freifelder] Freifelder, D., Molecular Biology, Second Edition, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc.
1987

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