MODULE 1 - BARANGAY JUSTICE are essential ingredients in the resolution (b) Any person actually residing or

SYSTEM of their dispute. working in the barangay, not otherwise expressly

disqualified by law, and possessing the following
KATARUNGANG PAMBARANGAY (Under characteristics maybe appointed a member of the
Republic Act 7160 known as the Local II. Definition of Terms lupon:
Government Code of 1991) 1. Integrity,
 LUPONG TAGAPAMAYAPA - is the body 2. Impartiality,
I. Introduction organized in every barangay composed of the 3. Independence of mind,
punong barangay as the Lupon Chairman 4. Sense of fairness, and
 The Katarungang Pambarangay and with not less than ten (10) nor more than 5. Reputation for probity.
governs the establishment, administration, twenty (20) members from which the
and operation of the Lupong members of every Pangkat shall be chosen. (c) A notice to constitute the lupon, which
Tagapamayapa and the Pangkat  PANGKAT TAGAPAGSUNDO - is the shall include the names of proposed members who
Tagapagkasundo as well as the conciliation panel constituted from the Lupon have expressed their willingness to serve, shall be
procedures in settling disputes among membership fro every dispute brought before prepared by the punong barangay within the first
barungi members through mediation and the lupon. fifteen (15) days from the start of his term of office.
conciliation and arbitration.  ARBITRATION - is a process for the Such notice shall be posted in three (3)
 The first feature has necessarily adjudication of disputes by which the parties conspicuous places in the barangay continuously
broadened the jurisdiction of the lupon agree to be bound by the decision of third for a period of not less than three (3) weeks.
and if the mediation and conciliation person or body in place of a regularly
process at that level would effectively organized tribunal. (d) The punong barangay, taking into
pursued, few cases would reach the  ACTUAL RESIDENCE - is the place where consideration any opposition to the proposed
regular courts. the person actually lives. appointment. Should the parties fail to agree on a
 The second feature also broadens the  VENUE - is the place provided by law for common choice, the vacancy shall be filled by lot
authority of the lupon in the sense that filing an action or proceeding. to be drawn by the lupon chairman.
appropriate civil and criminal cases  MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION - are
arising from incidents occurring in terms indicating the process whereby  Sec. 406. Character of Office and Service of
workplaces or institutions of learning disputants are persuaded by the Punong Lupon Members -
shall be brought in the barangay where Barangay or pangkat to amicably settle their
such work \place or institution is located. disputes. (a) The lupon members, while in the
 The third feature is aimed at maximizing performance of their official duties or on the
the effectiveness of the mediation, occasion thereof, shall be deemed as persons in
conciliation, or arbitration process. It III. Katarungang Pambarangay authority, as defined in the Revised Penal Code.
discourages the intentional delay of the (b) The lupon or pangkat members shall
referral to a date close to the expiration  Sec. 399. Lupong Tagapamayapa - serve without compensation, except as provided
of the prescriptive period and then for in Section 393 and without prejudice to
invoking the proximity of such expiration (a) There is hereby created in each incentives as provided for in this Section and in
of the prescriptive as the reason for barangay a lupong tagapamayapa,hereinafter Book IV of this Code. The Department of the
immediate recourse to the courts. It also referred to as the lupon, composed of the punong Interior and Local Government shall provide for a
affords the parties sufficient time to cool barangay as chairman and ten (10) to twenty (20) system of granting economic or other incentives to
off and face each other with less members. The lupon shall be constituted every the lupon or pangkat members who adequately
emotionalism and more objectivity which three (3) years in the manner provided herein. demonstrate the ability to judiciously and
expeditiously resolve cases referred to them. While submit their differences to amicable settlement mediation of their conflicting interests. If he fails
in the performance of their duties, the lupon or by an appropriate lupon; in his mediation effort within fifteen (15) days
pangkat members, whether in public or private from the first meeting of the parties before him, he
employment, shall be deemed to be on official (f) Disputes involving parties who actually shall forthwith set a date for the constitution of the
time, and shall not suffer from any diminution in reside in barangays in different cities or pangkat in accordance with the provisions of this
compensation or allowance from said employment municipalities, except where such barangay units Chapter.
by reason thereof. adjoin each other and the parties thereto agree to (c) Suspension of prescriptive period of
submit their differences to amicable settlement by offenses - While in dispute is under mediation,
 Sec. 407. Legal Advice on Matters an appropriate lupon; conciliation or arbitration, the prescriptive periods
Involving Question of Law - The provincial, for offenses and causes of action under existing
city legal officer or prosecutor or the NOTE: There is no need to bring the laws shall be interrupted upon filing of the
municipal legal officer shall render legal dispute for settlement before the barangay complaint with the punong barangay. The
advice on matters involving questions of law lupon when the parties are not actual prescriptive periods shall resume upon receipt by
to the punong barangay or any lupon or residents of the same barangays, nor of the complainant of the complaint or the certificate
pangkat member whenever necessary in the different barangays within the same city or of repudiation or of the certification to file action,
exercise of his functions in the administration municipality, nor of adjoining barangays issued by the lupon or pangkat secretary; Provided,
of the katarungang pambarangay. of different cities or municipalities. however, that such interruption shall not exceed
sixty (60) days from the filing of the complaint
 Sec. 408. Subject Matter for Amicable (f) Such other classes of disputes, which with the punong barangay.
Settlement; Exception thereto - The lupon the President may determine in the interest of
of each barangay shall have authority to bring justice or upon the recommendation of the (d) Issuance of summons; hearing;
together the parties actually residing in the Secretary of Justice. The court in which non- grounds for disqualification - The pangkat shall
same city or municipality for amicable criminal cases not failing within the authority of convene not later than three (3) days from its
settlement of all disputes except; the lupon under this Code are filed may at any constitution, on the day and hour set by the lupon
time before trial, motu proprio refer the case to chairman, to hear both parties and their witnesses,
(a) Where one party is the government or the lupon concerned for amicable settlement. simplify issues, and explore all possibilities for
any subdivision or instrumentality thereof; amicable settlement. For this purpose, the pangkat
 Sec. 410. Procedure for Amicable may issue summons for the personal appearance of
(b) Where one party is a public officer or Settlement parties and witnesses before it. In the event that a
employee, and the dispute relates to the party moves to disqualify any member of the
performance of his official functions; (a) Who may initiate proceeding - Upon pangkat by reason of relationship, bias, interest, or
payment of the appropriate filing fee, any any other similar grounds discovered after the
(c) Offenses punishable by imprisonment individual who has a cause of action against constitution of the pangkat, the matter shall be
exceeding one (1) year or a fine exceeding Five another individual involving any matter within the resolved by the affirmative vote of the majority of
Thousand Pesos (P5,000.00); authority of the lupn may complain, orally or in the pangkat whose decision shall be final. Should
writing, to the lupon chairman of the barangay. disqualification be decided upon, the resulting
(d)Offenses where there is no private vacancy shall be filled as herein provided for.
offended party; (b) Mediation by lupon chairman - Upon
(e) Where the dispute involves real receipt of the complaint, the lupon chairman shall, (e) Period to arrive at a settlement - The
properties located in different cities or within the next working day, summon the pangkat shall arrive at a settlement or resolution of
municipalities unless the parties thereto agree to respondent(s) with notice to the complainant(s) for the dispute within fifteen (15) days from the day
them and their witnesses to appear before him for a it convenes in accordance with this Section. This
period shall, at the discretion of the pangkat, be personal property, and support pendente assistance of counsel of representative, except
extendable for another period which shall not lite; and for minors and incompetents who may be
exceed fifteen (15) days, except in clearly 4. Where the action may otherwise be assisted by their next-of-kin who are not
meritorious cases. barred by the statute of limitations. lawyers.

 Sec. 411. Form of Settlement - All amicable (c) Conciliation among members of  Sec. 416. Effect of Amicable Settlement and
settlements shall be in writing, in a language indigenous cultural communities - The customs Arbitration Award - The amicable
or dialect known to the parties, signed by and traditions of indigenous cultural settlement and arbitration award shall have
them, and attested to by the lupon chairman or communities shall be applied in settling disputes the force and effect of a final judgment of a
the pangkat chairman, as the case may be. between members of the cultural communities. court upon the expiration of ten (10) days
When the parties of the dispute do not use the from the date thereof, unless repudiation of
same language or dialect, the settlement shall  Sec. 413. Arbitration the settlement has been made or a petition to
be written in a language or dialect known to nullify the award has been filed before the
them. (a) The parties may, at any stage of the proper city or municipal court.
proceedings, agree in writing that they shall abide
 Sec. 412. Conciliation by the arbitration award of the lupon chairman or However, this provision shall not apply to court
the pangkat. Such agreement to arbitrate may be cases settled by the lupon under the last paragraph
(a) Pre-condition to filing of complaint repudiated within five (5) days from the date of Section 408 of this Code, in which case the
in court - No complaint, petition, action or thereof for the same grounds and in accordance compromise settlement agreed upon by the parties
proceeding involving any matter within the with the procedure hereinafter prescribed. The before the lupon chairman shall be submitted to
authority of the lupon shall be filed or instituted arbitration award shall be made after the lapse of the court and upon approval thereof, have the force
directly in court or any other government office for the period for repudiation and within ten (10) days and effect of a judgment of said court..
adjudication, unless there has been a confrontation thereafter.
between the parties before the lupon chairman or  Sec. 417. Execution - The amicable
the pangkat, and that no conciliation or settlement (b) The arbitration award shall be in settlement or arbitration award may be
has been reached as certified by the lupon writing in a language or dialect known to the enforced by execution by the lupon within six
secretary or pangkat secretary as attested to by the parties. When the parties to the dispute do not use (6) months from the date of the settlement.
lupon chairman or pangkat chairman or unless the the same language or dialect, the award shall be After the lapse of such time, the settlement
settlement has been repudiated by the parties written in the language or dialect known to them. may be enforced by action in the
thereto. appropriate city or municipal court.
(b) Where parties may go directly to  Sec. 414. Proceedings Open to the Public;
court - The parties may go directly to court in the Exception - All proceedings for settlement  Sec. 418. Repudiation - Any party to the
following instances: shall be public and informal: Provided, dispute may, within ten (10) days from the
however, that the lupon chairman or the date of the settlement, repudiate the same by
1. Where the accused is under detention; pangkat chairman, as the case may be, may filing with the lupon chairman a statement to
2. Where a person has otherwise been motu proprio or upon request or a party, that effect sworn to before him, where the
deprived of personal liberty calling for exclude the public from the proceedings in the consent is vitiated by fraud, violence, or
habeas corpus proceedings; interest of privacy, decency, or public intimidation. Such repudiation shall be
3. Where actions are coupled with morals. sufficient basis for the issuance of the
provisional remedies such as preliminary  Sec. 415. Appearance of Parties in Person - certification for filing for a complaint as
injunction, attachment, delivery of In all katarungang pambarangay proceedings, hereinabove provided.
the parties must appear in person without the
 Sec. 419. Transmittal of Settlement and A. A means of preventing conflicts. - Theory which advocates elimination of
Arbitration Award to the Court - The B. Preserving a minimal measure of “Global private ownership and tends to make
secretary of the lupon shall transmit the order” and STABILITY. society stateless or classless.
settlement or the arbitration award to the Agitation
appropriate city or municipal court within five Interpretation of Security - Subversive technique to arouse hatred and
(5) days from the date of the award or from 1. Security of people, not just territory anger among the people.
the lapse of the ten-day period repudiating the 2. Security of individuals, not just of nations Propaganda
settlement and shall furnish copies thereof to 3. Security through development, not through - Line of persuasion to influence beliefs,
each of the parties to the settlement and the arms. emotions, behaviors, attitudes, and
lupon chairman. opinions of target audience.
 Security as National concern - ensure Infiltration
 Sec. 420. Power to Administer Oaths - The peaceful existence of state. - Deception used of legal activities. This is
punong barangay, as chairman of the lupong  Security as State’s Primordial concern – used to exert influence and seize control of
tagapamayapa, and the members of the secure its constituents. target groups.
pangkata are hereby authorized to administer  It’s prime essence in transforming youth Politics
oaths in connection with any matter relating into responsible citizens; orientation on - Art or science which concerns the
to all proceedings in the implementation of concepts mechanisms of national security winning and control over government.
the katarungang pambarangay. must be done to effectively carry out the Kofi Annan (Sec. Gen. Salutes International
task of community development. Workshop on Human Security in Mongolia) states
 Sec. 421. Administration; Rules and  Redefinition of security – should Human Security as follows:
Regulations - The city or municipal mayor, integrate concepts as population issues,  Seeks to “protect the vital core of all
as the case may be, shall see to the efficient environmental protection, eradication of human lives in ways that enhance human
and effective implementation and hunger and poverty, and promotion of freedoms and fulfillment.”
administration of the katarungang human rights.  Requires “protecting people from critical
pambarangay. The Secretary of Justice shall and pervasive threats” and “empowering
promulgate the rules and regulations Threat to national security may be: them ti take charge of their own lives.”
necessary to implement this Chapter. 1. Any action or sequence of events that  “protection and empowerment are
threatens to drastically and quickly mutually reinforcing and cannot succeed
 Sec. 422. Appropriations - Such among as degrade quality of people’s life. in isolation.”
may be necessary for the effective 2. Any development to greatly narrow range  Emphasis on the “need for comprehensive,
implementation of the katarungang of policy choices available to government integrated and people – centered solutions
pambarangay shall be provided for in the or non- government entities within the which help people develop the building
annual budget of the city or municipality state. blocks of survival, livelihood and dignity.
concerned. UNDP – referred human security having 2 aspects:
1. Safety from Chronic Threats (hunger,
TERMS disease and repression)
MODULE 2A: NATIONAL SECURITY Subversion 2. It means protection from sudden and
CONCERNS - an individual or group conspiracy acts hurtful disruptions in the patterns of daily
that seeks to alter an existing system or life – whether homes, jobs, or in
Security – includes the promotion of economic, government through deceitful and communities.
political, and social development in “poor nations” unlawful means. UNDP list of Human Security Threats
as: Communism  Economic Security
  Food Security 1986 soldiers in our country; it was termed
 Health Security - Former President Corazon Aquino as “Balikatan” a joint US- Filipino
 Environmental Security reestablished NSC through executive military training exercise. It’s
 Personal Security order that provides NSC Director to Philippine’s strategic alliance and to
 Community Security advise the President on national assist global campaign to end the
 Political Security security matters and NSCS. scourge of terrorism.
National Security Advisor (NSA) and Director
Human Security National Security Council is composed of the General
- embraces far more than the absence of following: - Serve as Chief of Staff and adviser for
violent conflict. Encompasses human  President Special Concerns in National Security
rights, good governance, access to  Vice- president to the President.
education, health care and ensuring  AFP Chief of Staff Advises the President
that each individual has opportunities  National Security Council - with respect to the integration of
and choices to fulfill his or her Director domestic, foreign, and military
potential.  Executive Secretary policies relating to the national
- Step reducing poverty, achieving  Secretaries of Foreign Affairs security.
economic growth, and preventing  Department of National Defense Serves as the President’s Principal Arm
conflict.  Department of Interior and Local - for coordinating policies among
- Freedom from want, fear, and future Government various government departments and
generations to inherit a healthy natural  Department of Justice agencies which involves national
environment.  Department of Labor and security.
- These are “interrelated building blocks Employment (called as ministers
of human and therefore national- before 1987) Sovereignty & Strategic relations are protected
security.” and enhance:
- is change in paradigm and value. Department of National Defense 1. Reformulation of National Security
- Change in concept of security from - Responsible for national security Definition
military phenomena to poverty, 1991 DND 2. Expanded previous national security
ecological degradation and rapid - Its principal functions were to defend concepts by taking into account the close
demographic change. the State against internal and external relationship and interdependence among
Commonwealth Act No. 1 threats, through Philippine National security.
- (known as National Defense Act) as Police (PNP) 3. NSC and a Multi – sectoral group
the original policy basis of national PNP examined the relationship between
security program of the Republic of - To maintain law and order national security and Human security in a
the Philippines. process of conceptual re – definition.
1987 Constitution Secretary of National Defense 4. Fundamental Elements of National
- mandates civilian control of military. - By law a civilian, in charged with Security:
- Establishes the President as advising the President on defense
Commander in Chief of Armed Forces matters and defense policy  Socio- Political Stability
in the Philippines (AFP) development.  Territorial Integrity
President 2002  Economic Solidarity and Strength
- Heads the National Security Council, - Former President Gloria Macapagal  Ecological Balance
ostensibly the policy Arroyo made deployment of US  Cultural Cohesiveness
  Moral – Spiritual Consensus Crimes involving destruction 7. Transnational organized crimes
 External Peace or International Harmony - May apply either as a measurable 8. Natural disasters and environmental issues
degree of damage up to and including 9. Cybernetic crime
a state beyond use or repair.
Threats to National Security - May indicate a state wherein such
-Many security threats are non-military in nature, damage is occurring and continuing. MODULE 2B: NATIONAL SECURITY
needs to be addressed in an informed and Something ‘being destroyed’ is in a CONCERNS
intelligent manner. state of destruction. (Self-destructive
Internal Aspect – Threats to National Security – behaviors, suicide, demolition) 1989
refers to the measures aimed at countering - During International Congress on
domestic or internal challenges to existing political First Dimension – Internal Threats Peace in the Minds of Men
and socio – economic order. Internal threats to our national security that makes (Yamoussoukro, Cote d’Ivoire),
External Aspect- Threats to National Security – up the first dimension are as follows: notion of “Culture of Peace” was 1st
concerned with safeguarding the state against 1. Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and mentioned.
outside or foreign forces, pressures, or influence Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) February 1994
designed to undermine its sovereignty, or placing 2. Communist Party of the Philippines/ New - Federico Mayor, Director General
under the domination or control of some foreign People’s Army/ National Democratic (UNESCO) launched “Towards a
state. Front (CPP/ NPA/ NDF) Culture of Peace” program.
3. Organized Crime 1997
Types of Threats 4. Grave incidence of poverty - United Nations General Assembly
Rebellion or Insurrection 5. Economic Sabotage proclaimed the year 2000 as
- a refusal of obedience or order 6. Graft and corruption “International Year for the Culture of
Terrorism 7. Severe calamities Peace”
- systematic use of terror especially as a 8. Persistent environment degradation 1998
means of coercion - United Nations General Assembly
Murder Second Dimension- External Threats declared the period 2001- 2010 as
- unlawful killing of another human Growing uncertainties lie in the regional and “International Decade for a Culture of
being with intent. global milieu make up the second dimension. Peace and Non- Violence for the
1. Multi- lateral dispute over the Spratlys Children of the World”
Kidnapping and Serious Illegal Detention Islands School System
- person in false imprisonment, a 2. Smuggling of firearms and contraband, - Expected to contribute to the
confinement without legal authority. It illegal migration and the occasional development of understanding,
maybe done for ransom or in movement of foreign terrorists through the solidarity, tolerance, and harmony
furtherance of another crime, or in porous borders of our south – western among people.
connection with a child custody frontier.
dispute. 3. Lingering effects of the currency crisis Definition of Peace
Hijacking/ Highway Robbery affecting the countries within the ASEAN. Concept of Peace
- taking or attempting to take something 4. Serious economic disparity between rich - Varies according to people who give
of value by force or threat of force and and poor nations. meaning to it.
or by putting the victim in fear. 5. Ethnic, religious, and cultural conflict -
- Robbery differs from simple theft in 6. Proliferation of weapons of mass  “Peace is not just the absence of war. It
its use of violence and intimidation. destruction (WMD) is the wholeness of life where every
 person can live with dignity.” (Mindanao C. CONCERN FOR OTHERS C. SOCIAL JUSTICE
Church Peace Congress, 1996) o Awareness and understanding o Requires an awareness and
 “The new name of peace is development” of their needs, feelings, and recognition of the civil,
(Pope Paul VI, Populorum Progressio) condition and extending political, economic, social,
 “Peace is not just the absence of war or appropriate consideration for and cultural rights, especially
violence. It is more than just the such. of the more marginalized
absence of war because its absence does sectors of society and the
not always mean peace.” D. COOPERATION willingness to promote and
 means presence of harmony, o Capacity and willingness to defend them.
understanding, tranquility, social justice, work with others to achieve a 4. Global Level
respect, and tolerance. common goal. - Concerned with attaining related
 Enhance of life. E. OPEN- MINDEDNESS issues that have global impact or scale
 General well- being of the individual. o Willingness to approach issues include among others the issue
difficult sources of of unfair trade relations, racial
Peace viewed in different levels information, people, and discrimination, terrorism,
1. Personal Level events with a critical but open militarization, environmental
- Refers to development of inner mind. degradation, xenophobia (fear or
harmony or integration characterized hatred of that which is perceived to be
with self – respect, self- confidence, F. HUMILITY foreign or strange), and others. It can
ability to cope up with negative o Virtue to accept and recognize be shown in terms of:
feelings, and developing positive that others may have the A. RESPECT FOR THE
attitudes such as cheerfulness and ability similar or maybe more ENVIRONMENT
optimism. than you have, and that o Value of recognizing
2. Interpersonal Level recognition enables you to environmental resources
- Manifested by the relationship of an accept your own limitations. important indicated by the act
individual with one another. It can be 3. Social/ National Level of preserving and conserving
shown in terms of: - Concerned with addressing issues that them.
affect society and its social, political, o Also the efforts initiated to
A. ASSERTIVENESS and economic components. It can be protect environmental
o Capacity of the individual to shown in terms of: resources .
express one’s views or A. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
exercise one’s rights without o Awareness of one’s B. UNITY IN THE ONENESS OF
being aggressive or responsibility for the common HUMANKIND
submissive. welfare and the willingness as o The value of recognizing the
well as the readiness to work importance of being one with
B. RESPECT for it. other humans as the
o Recognize others worth semblance of God’s power
regardless of differences in B. INTERDEPENDENCE and love .
social position, culture, origin, o -awareness of the impact of
ethnic group or gender. the decisions and actions of C. RELIGIOUS APPRECIATION
individuals and groups on one o Ability to respect and
another. appreciate the presence of
 people with religious beliefs diminish armed capability of threat government institutions, non-
other than his own . groups. government stakeholders such as
o It brings us into realization - Shall not be limited to purely combat NGOs and CSO’s and local
that we have different ways of operations communities
expressing our faith that we - Maximizes the utilization of non- - seeks to bring concerted effort towards
have, aspiration to be pleasing combat operations such as civil national peace and security
to the creator military operations - not just about burden sharing
(CMO) and development- - emanate from shared concept of
D. CULTURAL APPRECIATION oriented activities security
o the ability to respect and - natural enhancement of
appreciate the presence of 2 Strategic Approaches of the AFP in Winning previously enunciated whole of
different cultures and such Peace government approach to internal
differences give us the First Approach security
opportunity to learn from the - Whole of nation approach - presupposes ordinary citizens and
other. - Framework that shall guide how AFP entire Filipino nation as active
will Implement this internal peace and contributors to internal peace and
Strategic Approaches of the AFP in Winning security plan security
Peace Second Approach
AFP Internal Peace and Security Plan (IPSP) - People – Centered Security/ Human AFP as Catalyst of Peace and Security
- Paradigm shift and how armed forces Security Approach - Actively engaged counterparts and
views its mandate of protecting the - under broader frame of human partners in consultation and
people and state. security reflects the paradigm shift of dialogue, and build a broad peace and
“Winning the peace rather than simply AFP Has undertaken in this plan. security constituency.
defeating the enemy” “Protection Empowerment” framework
- AFP’s new approach to peace and  In this IPSP, the AFP Seeks to protect the People- Centered Security/ Human Security
security. people while at the same time supporting Approach
- Means militaristic solution to people their capacity development, and - Internal Peace and Security Plan (IPSP)
centered security strategy (founded recognizing there indispensable role as focuses on the people,
and broad based PARTNERS in ensuring peace and - Puts people at the center of its
consultations and engagement with security. operations.
key stakeholders). - puts primacy to human rights and
“Winning the peace” Whole of Nation Approach explores way on promoting local
- is an acknowledgement that a purely - Recognized AFP cant single handedly security and safety based on needs
military solution will never be enough solve the Internal peace and security and realities of communities on the
to achieve peace. concerns of the country ground.
Military Operations - Comprehensive definition of security - state of being able to live with human
- Tools used in government’s efforts to with focus on peoples well being dignity.
achieve peace and security. - Entails multi- faceted and multi-
- Translates to the conduct of pronged approach Human Security
combat operations against armed - sustained through multi - means protection and respect for
internal threats that are intelligence stakeholder effort born out of human rights, good governance,
driven, deliberate, and calibrated to partnerships with different
 access to economic opportunities,  It sees the interconnection between  achieved when citizens of the
education and healthcare. theory and practice. world understand global problems
- not in conflict with state security  Recognizes the links among  have skills to resolve conflicts
the various transformative goals and  struggle for justice nonviolently
State Security strategies (Toh, 1997)  live by international standards of human
- means removing armed threats  Education directed to full development rights and equity
that hinder the promotion of human of the human personality and to the  Appreciate cultural diversity
security efforts. strengthening of respect for human  Respect the earth and each other
rights and fundamental freedoms.
AFP 2 FOLD CONSTITUTIONAL  Promote understanding tolerance and Learning
MANDATE friendship from all nations racial or - only be achieved with systematic
- as protector of people and state religious groups education for peace.
- Constitutional mandate further  Aims to develop international
reinforced by understanding and universal Culture of peace
President Aquino's pronouncement brotherhood - must be understood by the message it
that the ultimate goal of the national brings
security is the “safety and well-being Common Concerns of Countries with Peace - recognized as the development
of the people” Education of Creative lifestyle and practical
ways of dealing with conflict that
CREATING CULTURE OF PEACE  Addressing violence at all levels make violence and oppression
“If we are to reach real people in this world…. we  Providing the individuals with obsolete.
shall have to begin with children.” - Mahatma understanding all the forces factors within
Gandhi the social system Promotion of Culture of Peace
 Developing a future world that is less – must be systematically Integrated into
Martin Luther King, Jr. espouses equality Of all violent, more just and secure formal education.
regardless of color and against racial  Promoting the symbiotic relationship
discrimination between humans and nature Definition of Culture
 Eliminating the threats of war violence - is established in human
“I Have a Dream,” he expressed his vision of and environmental destruction society composed of the spiritual
a world where there is table of brotherhood.  Aiming for a peaceful equitable and aspect where values, meanings and
ecologically sustainable future worldviews are developed
PEACE EDUCATION - Material aspect consist of language,
Values for Students to Develop gestures, symbols, rituals and styles.
 Holistic response as it is concerned  Understanding multicultural society Sociological definitions of culture as stated by
with the issues and problems such as :  Inculcating peace to the youth and Taylor: “That complex whole which includes
o Militarization promoting peace among nations knowledge, belief, art, moral, law, custom and any
o Structural violence  resolving conflict peacefully other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a
o Human rights  love for other persons member of society.”
o Cultural solidarity  self- esteem cooperation communication
o Environmental care environmental concerns and multicultural Encountered Problems
o Personal peace and global awareness Despite their efforts in the experience
 attaining inner peace of Toh (1997) in Notre Dame
University, Cotabato University, Philippines, 5. Encourage students to discuss the roots of IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL
Peace Education are encountered as follows: conflict EDUCATION
1. Peace education does not only promote 6. Encourage students to undertake activities 1. Grave danger or irreparable damage of
critical understanding but also that promote intercultural dialogue. all major natural resources.
empowerment and action for 2. A society can’t survive if its natural
transformation. MODULE 3: ENVIRONMENTAL
2. An authentically holistic orientation
resources are rendered unfit for use by
AWARENESS AND PROTECTION its people.
towards peace education needs to promote
critical thinking and problem solving on 3. The only hope of salvaging his grave
INPUT NO. 1: Basic Concepts and Laws situation is by making the young aware
contemporary and societal problems
Governing Environmental Education that they need to proactively begin to
facing the Philippines.
3. Although peace education is gaining ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION – refers protect the environment they will
momentum, there are forces within the to organized efforts to teach about how natural inherit.
wider Philippine society and global environments function 4. Science and Technology can help in a
context that can lay the seeds for more  Refers to organized efforts to teach limited way but cannot deliver it.
conflict and peace lessness. about how natural environments 5. It is a moral and ethical education for
function. changing people’s attitude.
Strategies to facilitate progress of Peace  How one can manage their behavior
Education
6. To protect children living in polluted
and ecosystems to live sustainably. regions, environmental education
 use to imply education within the represents a relevant means of
1. Constant dialogue school system (primary to post-
2. Coordinating the expansion of peace prevention.
secondary). 7. It is a need of the time to propose
education programs
3. Improving coordination mechanisms  However sometimes used more environmental education delivered
4. Setting up opportunities broadly to include all efforts to educate with moral concept.
the public and other audiences (thru 8. It is conceived to sustain participation
Steps in Non- Violent Actions print materials, websites, media of the citizens especially the youth
campaigns, related disciplines include particularly in combating ill effects of
1. Information Gathering outdoor education and experiential climate change.
2. Education- informed gathered is leducation and etc.
transmitted to others
RELATED LAWS IN PROMOTING
 A learning process that increases ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
3. Personal commitment people’s knowledge and awareness
4. Negotiation Republic Act No. 9512
about the environment and associated  act to promote environmental
5. Reconciliation and Healing
challenges, develops the necessary awareness through environmental
Roles of Schools in Values of Peace Promotion skills and expertise to address the education and other purposes. 
challenges, and fosters attitudes, known as the “National
1. Peaceful pedagogies or strategies motivations and commitments to Environmental Awareness and
2. Disarmament education make informed decisions and take Education Act of 2008”.
3. Avoid sexist education responsible action (UNESCO, Tbilisi  Specifically,Sec.2.DeclarationofPolicy
4. Encourage student’s cooperative Declaration, 1978). statesthat:
  Consistent with the policy of the State  act providing for a comprehensive air biological and radioactive elements
to protect and advance the right of the pollution control policy and for other which are harmful to human health.
people to a balanced and healthful purposes 6. INCINERATION - The controlled
ecology in accord with the rhythm and Republic Act No. 9147 process by which combustible
harmony of nature, in recognition of  act providing for the conservation and materials are burned and changed into
the vital role of the youth in nation protection of wildlife resources and gases and residues that contain little or
building, their habitats, appropriating funds no combustible materials
 Role of education to foster patriotism therefore and for other purposes 7. NON-BIODEGRADABLE - Any
and nationalism, accelerate social Republic Act No. 9175 material that cannot be degraded or
progress, and promote total human  act regulating the ownership, decomposed by naturally occurring
liberation and development, possession, sale, importation and use organisms such as bacteria and fungi in
 The state shall promote national of chainsaws, penalizing violations air, water and soil.
awareness on the role of natural thereof and for other purposes 8. PUTRESCIBLE - A substance that
resources in economic growth and the CHED MEMORANDUM ORDER NO. decomposes at certain temperature in
importance of environmental 33 SERIES OF 2009 contact with air and moisture;
conservation and ecological balance Subject: Integration of Environmental generally containing nitrogen.
towards sustained national Education in the Tertiary Education 9. RECYCLING - The re-use, retrieval,
development. Curriculum particularly the Civic Welfare recommission of element/ matter for
Republic Act 9003L: January 26, 2001 Training Service Component of the any and all purposes necessary to
 Act providing for the ecological National Service Training Program. healthful and productive living; the
solid waste management program, Definition of Terms: process by which waste materials are
 Creating the necessary institutional 1. BIODEGRADABLE - Any material transformed into new products in such
mechanisms and incentives, that can be broken down by naturally a manner that the original products
 Declaring certain acts prohibited occurring organisms such as bacteria may lose their identity.
and providing penalties, and fungi in air, water and soil 10. SOLID WASTE – include anything
appropriating funds thereof, and 2. COMPOSTING - Biological thrown away (e.g. Garbage, Rubbish,
 For other purposes. degradation under controlled Trash, Litter, Junk and refuse of any
Republic Act No. 9275: March 22, 2004 conditions. source.
An act providing for the comprehensive water 3. DOMESTIC WASTE - Refuse from INPUT NO.2: The Seven Environmental
quality management and for other purposes. households, as distinguished from as a Principle
Section 2: Declaration of Policy biodegradable or non-biodegradable. Learn about ecosystem –key to understanding
 The State shall pursue a policy of Industrial waste, hospital waste, etc., the environmental problems today. -Highlights
economic growth in a manner which may be classified the basic environmental principles, varied
consistent with the protection, 4. FOOD MATERIALS - Includes types of ecosystem, current environmental
preservation and revival of the certain kind of seed, pulp, peelings, issues anthropogenic activities that threaten
quality of our fresh, brackish and pickles, sweets or snacks. the environment and the role of youth in
marine waters. 5. HAZARDOUS WASTE - Special protecting our environment.
Republic Act 8749: June 23, 1999 types of waste containing the chemical
 Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
1. NATURE KNOWS BEST.  Niche -occupational or  Entry of toxic wastes in vital
 Most basic principle that functional position which ecosystems and ensures
encompasses all others. cannot be simultaneously reconversion into useful forms.
Humans have to understand occupied by more than one 6. OURS IS A FINITE EARTH.
nature and have to abide by the specie it is apparent that all  Renewable or non-renewable
rules nature dictates. living things must be resources (Earth’s classification
 One must not go against the considered as invaluable in the of resources).
natural processes if one would maintenance of homeostasis in  Renewable resources – easily
like to ensure a continuous and the ecosystem. be replenished by natural
steady supply of resources. 3. EVERYTHING IS CONNECTED cycles(E.g. Water, air, plants
Nutrient Cycling TO EVERYTHING ELSE. and animals).
 Natural process that needs serious  Best exemplified by the  Non-renewable resources –
attention. concept of the ecosystem. can’t be replenished by natural
 Nutrients pass from the  In an ecosystem, all biotic and cycles (E.g. Ores of various
environment to the organisms and amniotic components interact metals, oil, coal)
back to the environment, disruption with each other to ensure 7. NATURE IS BEAUTIFUL AND
in the cycle can bring about sustainability. WE ARE GOD’S CREATION
imbalance.\ 4. EVERYTHING CHANGES. STEWARDS.
Nature has built in Mechanism As said only permanent thing is CHANGE.  Humans are given the right to have
 To maintain balance of General Classification dominion over all God’s creations.
homeostasis – the availability of o Linear Change - Evolution of (Being the most intelligent and
nutrients, environment species gifted with reason).
conduciveness for growth and o Cyclical Change - be exemplified  Humans are capable of
reproduction. by seasons and rhythms in floral manipulating creation to their
 Feeding relationships that exist and faunal life stages that go with advantage.
between and among organisms the seasons  Humans can’t exist without nature
which serve as population o Random Change – eruption of Mt. and are co-natural with the
controls.(E.g: Rat population Pinatubo, brought great upheaval in environment they lived in tribal
controlled by presence of predators may parts of Luzon and changes in beliefs.
like snakes.) • Chemical fertilizer the topography of the land.  It’s our duty to discern the true
and pesticides disrupts check and 5. EVETYTHING MUST GO worth of modern systems and
balance in the ecosystem. SOMEWHERE. techniques to reject those that
Chemicals increase soil acidity  Wastes are not lost to oblivion, degrade and promote those that
resulting to loss of nutrients. even goes back to one’s own elevate the human condition.
2. ALL FORMS OF LIFE ARE backyard in some other forms. SYNTHESIS
IMPORTANT  Awareness of the classification of  World’s Environmental
 Each organism plays a wastes facilitates their proper Condition- deteriorated due to
fundamental role in nature. disposal and minimizes, if not excessive abuse by the people.
prevents.
 Overconsumption of resources sustainability and a healthy already occurring and that further
and over-population – threaten environment. acceleration will result in a two (2)
the existence and survival of  Sustainable communities degree increase in global
many environmental products. require a just and moral temperature and of extreme
 Worse is the development economy where People are weather conditions.
aggression in many areas where empowered to participate in  Caused by increasing volume of
natural resources have not been decisions affecting their lives Greenhouse Gases (GHG) in the
maximally exploited. where public and private atmosphere.
 Environmental impact of institutions are held WHAT IS GREENHOUSE GASES?
nation’s action cannot be accountable for the social  Gases that absorb and re-emit infrared
limited to its own country only. environmental consequences of radiation, warming the earth’s surface
It affects other countries their operations and where the and contributing to climate change.
outside of its own boundaries Earth is nurtured rather than • Water Vapor
and beyond its territory. exploited or degraded. • Methane
 Global concern of the  It is sustainable communities • Carbon Dioxide
environment is the attention because it implies the nurturing • Nitrous Oxide
given to educate the people on of equitable relationship both • Ozone
the preservation and protection within the human family and • Hydro fluorocarbon
of the Existing resources and also between humans and the • Per fluorocarbon
prevent it from over exploit rest of the ecological • Sulfur Hexafluoride
 Global environment community • Chlorofluorocarbons
movements – encourage and INPUT NO.3: Climate Change  gases increase + more solar heat
promote proper zero – waste WHAT IS CIMATE CHANGE? trapped = to warmer atmospheric
management to protect the  Any change in climate over time condition called “ Greenhouse effect”
world from pollution. whether due to natural processes or as WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING?
 Environmental care adheres to a result of human activity.  Is the increase in the average
the principle of sustainable  Attributed directly or indirectly to temperature of the earth’s near surface
development where the interest human activity that alters the air and oceans that is associated with
of the future generation is to composition of the global atmosphere the increased concentration of
develop and should not be and which is, in addition to natural greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
compromised. climate variability, observed over HUMAN ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING
 Concept of sustainable comparable time periods (United TO GREENHOUSE EFECT
development has some inner Nations Framework Convention on  Burning of wood and wood products
contradictions from the start, Climate Change).  Production and use of fossil fuels (oil,
due to its global level HOW DOES IT OCCUR? coal, and natural gas release carbon
challenges to balance economic  Fourth Assessment Report of the dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide
growth with resource Intergovernmental Panel on into atmosphere).
Climate Change (IPCC, 4AR 2007)  Rapid growth of human population
concludes that climate change is increases consumption of earth’s
 resources, threatening the earth’s  Philippines ranked 4th in the a dialect local people can
carrying capacity to support life. Global Climate Risk Index (Being understand and learn. Learning is
 It also increases the amount of archipelagic, 15 of its regions are gleamed in the changes in local
decomposing organic wastes that vulnerable to sea level rise. practices and behavior. 3
releases carbon and methane into the  A meter rise in sea level will affect 4. Carry out concrete disaster
air. 64 out of 81 provinces in the prevention, mitigation and
 Massive deforestation, mining and Philippines; sea water would cover management activities (Capacity
other forms of land conversion make at least 703 of 1,610 towns and Building). If community is high
the situation worse. close to 700 million square meters risk to flooding, stormy conditions,
CLIMATE CHANGE OR GLOBAL of land could displace at least 1.5 earthquakes or landslides – training
WARMING EFFECTS million Filipinos. the local people in damage/ need
Warming of the Earth’s atmosphere results  Philippines is in the path of assessment, shelter management,
in the melting of snow covers, glaciers, typhoons which in recent years first aid, risk mapping, fire
rise of sea level, shorter winters, early have become stronger and more prevention, tree planting and early
springs, hotter summers and delayed destructive and frequent. warning among other things should
coming of autumns, altered forest  Philippines is also located in an be done. You can reduce the level
productivity and composition, habitat earthquake prone region. of risk if you develop in
shifts of some animals, changes in the  Life, properties, food, health and individuals and groups these skills
behavior patterns of flora and fauna, livelihood are threatened severely and install infrastructures within
spread of diseases, stronger and more affecting the most vulnerable the community for this purpose.
frequent typhoons, more floods, severe sector of Philippine society the Equally important in this task is
droughts, stronger heat waves and heavier poor. good organizing of community
rains and more. WHAT CAN BE DONE LOCALLY? stakeholders for coordination.
 Changes in the environment as a 1. Reduce the sources of greenhouse 5. Suggest or advocate the integration
result of climate change have gas emissions or enhance their sink of climate change mitigation and
already made their impact on or capture (Mitigation). adaptation into organizational/
human population in global scale. 2. Moderate the harmful effects of institutional plans to mainstream
 Socio- economic problems and climate change and exploit its this consciousness.
difficulties will be amplified beneficial opportunities 6. Lobby for and / or support climate
compounding the already heavy (Adaptation). change responsive policies and
burden of the poor sectors. 3. Support or join awareness raising ordinances (Policy Development).
 Agriculture become less or non- of people in your locality/ 7. Synergize efforts with other
productive due to droughts and community about climate change. enlightened individual or group
flooding. It is very important and urgent stakeholders to reduce vulnerability
 Mounting social pressure on the concern to this generation, it is a to climate change hazards and risks,
damaging effects of climate change new issue that needs to be Adaptation, Risk Reduction
will influence political priorities disseminated and linked to Development Planning and
and direction. potential hazard and risks. It is Humanitarian Action need to come
important to discuss this subject in together.
 8. Develop a stable resource SOLUTION, WE NEED TO ACT DENR Administrative Order
mobilization mechanism or system NOW! No.2001-34
to ensure and facilitate the flow of  Human-made garbagemountains, or WHAT ARE THE SALIENT
financial and technical support to we will be buried in our own trash as FEATURES OF R.A. No. 9003?
local implementers. Without an the result. (E.g. Payatas Dump Site, A. .Creation of the National Solid
adequate and sustainable financial Quezon City). Waste Management Commission
and technical backing, plans will  Problem where to find landfills due to (NSWMC), National Ecology
remain good only in writing. debates in political leaders and Center (NEC) and Solid Waste
INPUT NO. 4: Ecological Solid Waste emotional outbursts from prospective Management Board in every
Management host communities. Solid Waste province, city, and municipality in
FACTS Problem has worsening human health the country.
 Worsening solid waste especially in impact. (Spread diseases from garbage  NSWMC-Responsible in the
urban centers in our country. that breeds Flies, roaches, rodents and formulation of the National
 0.5 kg –estimated daily per capita harmful bacteria) Solid Waste Management
waste production based on studies WHAT IS R.A. No. 9003? Framework and other policies
made by National Solid Waste  Known as “Ecological Solid on solid waste in overseeing
Management Commission Secretariat Waste Management Act of 2000”, the implementation of solid
based at the Environmental marked turning point in nation waste management plans and
Management Bureau (EMB). development agenda for improved the management of solid waste
 (Every person generates ½ kilo waste a solid waste management and management fund.
day w/ estimated population of 10.5 resource conservation.  NEC-Responsible for
million, total waste generated in Metro  1st bill Former President Gloria consulting, information,
 Manila alone could run up to 5,250 Macapagal-Arroyo signed into law training and networking
metric tons per day; 1.95 million in 2001-requires municipalities to services relative to the
metric tons per year. dispose of waste in a sanitary and implementation of R.A.
 73% out of 5,250 metric tons daily environmentally friendly manner. No.9003.
generated waste collected by dump  Provides legal framework for  Solid Waste Management
trucks if they are faithful to their duties. systematic, comprehensive and Board of provinces, Cities and
 27%–remaining daily waste (1,417.5 ecological solid waste management municipalities – shall be
metric tons) end up in canals, vacant program. responsible for the
spaces, street corners, market places,  Ensure protection of public health development of their
rivers and other places (even those and environment. respective solid waste
with signage “Huwag magtapon ng  Underscores the need to create the management plans.
basura dito ang mahuli, bugbog necessary institutional mechanisms B. Formulation of National Solid
sarado!” and incentives, as well as imposes Waste Management Framework -
 We are PART OF THE PROBLEM, penalties for acts in violation of 10 year solid management plans by
because we pro ducegarbage ourselves, any of its provisions. local government units consistent
so we MUST BE PART OF THE  Implementing rules and regulations with the National Solid Waste
of RA No. 9003 contained in Management Framework.
C. Mandatory segregation of solid HOW TO SOLVE SOLID WASTE 9. Establishment or operation
waste to be conducted primarily at PROBLEM? of open dumps and
the source such as household,  Highly recommended formula to adopt 10. Importation of consumer
institutional, industrial, commercial 3Rsof Ecological Waste Management: products packaged in non-
and agricultural sources; REDUCE, REUSE, and RECYCLE. environmentally acceptable
D. Setting of minimum  We must stop doing what are materials.
requirements to ensure systematic prohibited by the law, such as the
collectionand transport of wastes following: SOURCES AND TYPES OF SOLID
and the proper protection of the 1. Littering, throwing, WASTE
health of garbage collectors; dumping of waste materials SOURCE FACILITY TYPE
E. Establishment of reclamation in Public places like roads, OF
programs and buy back centersfor sidewalks, canals, esteros, WASTE
recyclable and toxic materials; parks and establishments. DOMESTIC Single family Food,
F. Promotion of eco-labeling in local 2. Open burning of solid dwelling, paper,
multifamily packaging,
products and services. waste; dwelling, low, glass,
G. Prohibition of non- 3. Allowing the collection of medium and metal,
environmentally acceptable non-segregated or unsorted high rise ashes, bulky
products and packaging; waste; apartments household,
H. Establishment of Materials 4. Squatting in open dumps hazardous
household
Recovery Facility in every and landfills; waste
barangayor cluster of barangays; 5. Open dumping or burying
COMMERCIAL Shops, Food,
I. Prohibition against the use of open of biodegradable and non-
restaurants, paper,
dumps; biodegradable materials in
markets, packaging
J. Setting of guidelines/ criteria for flood –prone areas;
office , glass,
the establishment of controlled 6. Unauthorized removal of
buildings, metal,
dumps and sanitary landfills; recyclable material
hotels and ashes,
K. Provision of rewards, incentives intended for collection by
motels, bulky
both fiscal and non-fiscal, financial authorized persons;
institutions household
assistance, grants and the like to 7. Mixing of source-separated
,
encourage LGUs and the general recyclable material with
hazardous
public to undertake effective solid other solid waste in any
household
waste management; and vehicle, box, container or
waste
L. Promotion of research on solid receptacle used in solid
INDUSTRIAL Fabrication, Industrial
waste management and waste collection or disposal;
light & heavy process
environmental education in the 8. Manufacture, distribution or
manufacturin waste,
formal and non-formal sectors. use of non -environmentally
g refineries, metals,
acceptable packaging
chemical lumbers,
materials;
plants, plastic,
 mining, oils, Non- physical, chemical or infectious characteristics
power hazardous combustible: may do the following:
generation waste metals, tin 1. Cause or significantly contribute to
CONSTRUCTIO Solid, cans, metal increase in mortality or an increase in
N& concrete, furniture, dirt serious irreversible or incapacitating
DEMOLITION timber, glass minerals reversible illness; and
steel, ASHES Residue from Househol 2. Cause a substantial present or
plastic, fires used for ds, potential hazard to human health or
glass, cooking & restaurant the environment when improperly
vegetatio heating & s, treated, stored or transported.
n from on-site institution HAZARDOUS WASTE
AGRICULTURA Pesticides incineration s, stores MANAGEMENT
L WASTE , farm &markets  A comprehensive and integrated
wastes STREET Sweeping, Streets, management of toxic substances
REFUSE dirt, leaves, sidewalks, and hazardous wastes which
catch basin alley adheres to the waste management
REFUSE MATERIALS BY KINDS, dirt, contents hierarchy of source reduction,
COMPOSITIONS AND SOURCES of litter recycling, treatment and safe
KIND COMPOSITI SOURCE receptacles disposal for the protection of
ON S DEAD Cats, Dogs, Streets, personnel, environment and
GARBAGE Waste from Househol ANIMALS horses, cows sidewalks, property.
preparation, ds, alley FOUR CHARACTERISTICS OF
cooking & restaurant INDUSTRIAL Food Factories, HAZARDOUS WASTES
serving of s, WASTE processing power 1. Ignitable-substance causes or
food, market institution waste, boiler plants enhances fires
wastes from s, stores house, cinders, 2. Corrosive-substance destroys
handling, and lumber scraps, tissues/metals
storage & sale markets metal scraps, 3. Reactive- substance reacts with
of product shavings others and may explode 4
RUBBISH Combustible: Househol CONSTRUCTI Scrap lumber, New 4. Toxic- the substance is a danger to
paper, cartons, ds, ON WASTE pipe, constructi health, water, food and air.
boxes, wood restaurant construction on, re- THREE MAIN GOALS OF
tree branches, s, materials modelling HAZARDOUS WASTE
yard institution MANAGEMENT
trimmings, s, stores 1. Protection of the environment
wood, and HAZARDOUS WASTES 2. Improvement of Public Health
furniture, markets These are solid wastes or a combination of 3. 3. Conservation of Energy
beddings solid waste which identify concentration or
INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE  Process of lessening the fresh the road of Metro manila are smoke
MANAGEMENT (ISWM) raw materials that affects air, belchers.
HIERARCHY water, & land pollution through 6 Criteria Air Pollutants
 It is the selection of combination of proper waste disposal. Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Lead, Sulfur
techniques, technologies and 3. RECYCLING Oxides, Nitrogen Oxides and Particulates
management programs to achieve  Involves processing used, determine air quality standards.
waste management objectives. unwanted materials (waste) into o OZONE- major ingredient in smog,
ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT new products to prevent waste occurs naturally in stratosphere.
 An ecological method of handling of potentially useful materials. Acts as a filtering mechanism for
wastes that does not degrade the INPUT NO.5: Air Pollution Awareness and the harmful ultraviolet rays from
environment nor pollute air, water, Prevention the sun but in the lower atmosphere
soil and facilitate their sanitary  This section discusses the nature, comprise what mainly we see as
retrieval, reuse or recycling. One of types, sources and effects of air grey smog suspended on air.
the most friendly, economical tool pollution.  Formed by series of
of contributing ecological welfare  It gives the general status of air complex reactions
for human beings & community pollution in the country, and involving nitrogen oxides,
 Involves processing used, summarizes the salient features of the volatile organic compounds
unwanted materials (waste) into Clean Air Act and suggests ways by and sunlight.
new products to prevent waste of which to prevent pollution. o SMOG/ GROUND LEVEL
potentially useful materials, reduce STATIONARY SOURCES OF OZONE - may cause lung
the consumption of fresh raw POLLUTANTS inflammation, decreased ability to
materials, reduce energy usage,  Factories, crematorium, breathe and susceptibility to
reduce air pollution (from incinerators, power plants, respiratory diseases such as
incineration) and water pollution garbage dumps, and pneumonia, bronchitis, fibrosis and
(from landfilling) by reducing the construction sites. premature lung aging. Children are
need for “conventional” waste  These emit particulates, susceptible to ozone exposure
disposal, and lower greenhouse gas nitrates, sulfur oxides and o CARBON MONOXIDE –a toxic,
emissions as compared to virgin ammonia. odorless, colorless gas produced
production. Recycling is key EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND during fossil fuel or biomass
component of modern waste HUMAN HEALTH burning. Exposure can block
reduction and is the third  Accumulation in the atmosphere of oxygen to the brain and cause poor
component of the “Reduce, Reuse, gases from industrial solvents such as concentration, fatigue and death.
Recycle” waste hierarchy nitrous oxides and carbon tetrachloride o LEAD–one of the most toxic
THREE COMPONENTS OF and carbon dioxide from burning of substances. Found in gasoline
WASTE REDUCTION fossil fuels and deforestation. remain by far the single largest
1. REUSE  Anthropogenic sources of air pollution source of lead exposure in urban
 Re-utilization of materials for have been increasing vehicles that ply areas and poses the greatest threat
particular purpose. to the public.
2. REDUCE
  Studies shown lead size from 10 to less than 2.5 microns in  VOLATILE ORGANIC
exposures can significantly diameter (one micron is roughly COMPOUNDS (VOCs) –are
reduce the IQ of school – equivalent to 1/70 the width of human benzene and other aromatics
aged children as a special hair). that are formed from the
hazard for young children. o COARSE & FINE production of gasoline in order
 Also been associated with PARTICULATES VARIETIES –are to improve its performance as
aggressive behavior, so small that they can enter deepest fuel for vehicles.
delinquency and attention regions of the lungs where they can  OZONE-is formed from the
diseases in boys between 7- enter the bloodstream or become reaction of VOCs and nitrogen
11 years of age. trapped in the lung tissue. oxides (NOs).
 Adults-lead exposure is  Continuous exposure to  OXIDES OF SULFUR –are
connected to increased particulate can induce released because sulfur is
blood pressure and wheezing, chest pain, coughing, naturally found in petroleum
hypertension. and phlegm, as well as more and coal.
 6 month study (1992), lead severe diseases like pneumonia,  OXIDES OF NITROGEN –
dust reached an average of bronchitis, asthma, emphysema are released in high
3.3 micrograms per cubic and cardiovascular diseases temperature of combustion
meter. o AIR POLLUTION –is the presence of catalyzes reaction between the
 Controlling the high lead substances in the air in amounts nitrogen in the fuel and air
pollution levels in our harmful to humans, other animals and oxygen of the air.
ambient air should thus be or plants. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION
given top priority MAIN CATEGORIES OF 1. Mobile Sources – 3.9 million vehicles
o SULFUR OXIDES –gases formed by POLLUTANTS are registered in the whole country and
combustion. Industries and electric 1. 1)Particulates are very fine solids, counting. Around 80% use gasoline
power plants account for 88% of sulfur collectively referred to as Total and 30% use diesel. Only small
dioxide emissions totaling 88,458 tons Suspended Particulates (TSP); percentage of Filipinos own cars, 20%
in 1992, causing bronchitis and 2. Carbon Monoxide and oxides of in Metro Manila. The rest take public
impairment of preliminary functions. nitrogen and sulfur; transportation.
 Are also active ingredients in 3. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 2. Stationary Sources –Stationary
the formation of acid rain. and sources that account for most of the air
o NITROGEN OXIDES–gases 4. Ozone pollution are emissions from power
produces from high temperature  These substances are associated plants, cement plants and oil refineries.
combustion in the air. It can cause mostly with FOSSILFUEL EFFECTES OF AIR POLLUTION
respiratory ailments like asthma and BURNING. Particulates are FROM FOSSIL FUELS
eye irritation. Also active ingredient in unburned hydrocarbons and  Sulfur, Nitrogen Oxides,
the formation of smog soot or carbon. They result Particulate matter and soot–
o PARTICULATES (also called soots) from incomplete burning of irritate the respiratory mucous
– are minute, microscopic particles fuels so does carbon monoxide membrane.
suspended in the air. They range in
  If irritation is prolonged, it can Climate Change and has environment in addition to that
lead to respiratory disease– ratified the Kyoto Protocol. which naturally occurs in the
persistent cough, emphysema,  Kyoto Protocol – all signatory background environment.
asthma, and other allergies, and countries are committed to  Radioactive emissions
worst, cancer. exert all efforts to lower their come from nuclear
 Carbon Monoxide-hazardous greenhouse gas emissions. It power plants even in
because it bonds strongly with invokes a special commitment routine operations.
blood hemoglobin replacing from developed countries to THE CLEAN AIR ACT
oxygen. As result, tissues and reduce their emissions to 5% 1. Principles which state the overall
organs of the body are deprived less than their 1990 levels mandate of the State.
of the vital gas, oxygen. between 2008and 2012. The 2. Recognition of rights of citizens which
 OZONE-causes range of acute protocol will go into effect the State shall guarantee.
effects including eyes, nose and when it is ratified by 55 3. The noteworthy features of the Air
throat irritation. It impairs countries which should include Quality Management Systems are the
respiratory functions. Ozone is developed countries provisions regarding airsheds and non-
a highly oxidizing gas that responsible for 55% of the attainment areas.
causes damage to materials so emissions worldwide. 4. The Act gives an initial list of
do sulfuric and nitric acid from  CHLOROFLUOROCARBO hazardous air pollutants and guidelines
sulfur and nitrogen oxide, NS (CFCs)- another class of for ambient air quality.
respectively. substances that must be 5. Prohibition and regulation of other
 BENZENE-most toxic VOC is regulated these are unreactive substances :
highly linked to leukemia. It is for mattresses, Styrofoam and A. Ozone- depleting substances
also an agent in ozone insulation (ODS). Consistent with the
formation.   PERSISTENT ORGANIC Montreal Protocol of which the
 CARBON DIOXIDE –another POLLUTANTS (POPs) – Philippines is a signatory. ODS
by –product of combustion of group of substances that are shall be phased out.
carbonaceous fuels. It does not common in our everyday lives B. Flourinated Greenhouse Gases –
directly harm people or other but are extremely toxic. These identified in Kyoto Protocol to the
organisms and is thus not a are either human-made United Nations Framework on
pollutant in the usual sense of substances or products of Climate Change.
the world. However too much combustion or other processes C. Framework convention on
of it in the atmosphere destroys undergone by human-made Climate Change, the DENR shall
ecological balance. products. prepare a plan to reduce
o Increased temperatures will  RADIOACTIVITY-is the greenhouse gas emissions.
negatively affect agriculture, ecology most lethal form of pollution D. Persistent Organic Pollutants–the
of microorganisms and thus incidence because it can readily destroy DENR shall prepare an inventory
of diseases. cells and tissues. No more of POPsin the Country and a
 Philippines–a signatory to the nuclear radiation should be program for elimination of these
United Nations Convention on introduced into our substances.
 E. Radioactive Substances –The accomplices, take part subsequent to its ●Short Title. –This act shall be known as the
Philippine Nuclear Research commission in any of the following manners: “ANTI-HAZING ACT OF 2018”
1. By profiting them or assisting the offender  SECTION 2. Definition of Terms:
Institute, DENR and related to profit by the effects of the crime. ● HAZING refers to any act that results in
agencies shall regulate all projects 2. By concealing or destroying the body of the physical or psychological sufferings, harm,
that involve release of radioactive crime, or the effects or instruments thereof, or injury inflicted on a recruit, neophyte,
substances in order to prevent its discovery. applicant, or member as part of an initiation
F. Pollution from SMOKING - 3. By harboring, concealing, or assisting in rite or practice made as a prerequisite for
the escape of the principals of the crime, admission or a requirement for continuing
Smoking in any enclosed public provided the accessory acts with abuse of membership in a fraternity, sorority, or
space including public vehicles and his public functions or whenever the author organization including, but not limited to,
private spaces outside of one’s of the crime is guilty of treason, parricide, paddling, whipping, beating, branding
residence is strictly prohibited. murder, or an attempt to take the life of the forced calisthenics, exposure to the weather,
This probation shall be Chief Executive, or is known to be forced consumption of any food, liquor,
habitually guilty of some other crime. beverage, drug or other substance, or any
implemented by the LGU. brutal treatment or forced physical and
G. Leaded Gasoline –The ●HAZING psychological health of such recruit,
manufacture, importation, sale, A. Organization must determine and consider if neophyte, applicant, or member. “
disposal of leaded gasoline and activities are possibly harmful and if it’s
engines and components requiring acceptable from the community perspective. ● INITIATION OR INITIATION RITES
 PUBLICITY TEST – ask the following questions: refer to ceremonies, practices, rituals, or
leaded-gasoline is prohibited. 1. Would you let the campus other acts, whether formal or informal, that
newspaper or a local TV station a person must perform or take part in order
cover your initiation activities? to be accepted into a fraternity, sorority, or
2. Would you be comfortable organization as a full-fledged member. It
Module 4: Republic Act 11053 - Anti-Hazing Law of describing your activities to your includes ceremonies, practices, rituals, and
2018 parents, a professor, psychologist, or other acts in all stages of membership in a
university president? fraternity, sorority or organization.” “
● PRINCIPAL - The following are considered B. If the answer to these questions is “No”,
principals: your activities are most likely hazing. When ● ORGANIZATION refers to an organized
1. Those who take a direct part in the execution in doubt, check with your organization’s body of people which includes, but is not
of the act; adviser or coach. limited to, any club, association, group,
2. Those who directly force or induce others to fraternity, and sorority. This term shall
commit it; REPUBLIC ACT 11053 include the Armed Forces of the
3. Those who cooperate in the commission of "An Act Prohibiting Hazing and Regulating Other Philippines (AFP), the Philippine National
the offense by another act without which it Forms of Initiation Rites of Fraternities, Sororities, and Police (PNP), the Philippine Military
would not have been accomplished (Article Other Organizations, and Providing Penalties for Academy (PMA), the Philippine National
17, Revised Penal Code of the Philippines). Violations Thereof, Amending for the Purpose Republic Police Academy (PNPA), and other similar
Act No. 8049, Entitled "An Act Regulating Hazing and uniformed service learning institutions.”
● ACCOMPLICES – persons not being included in Other Forms of Initiation Rites in Fraternities Sororities,
Art. 17, cooperate in the execution of the offense and Organizations and Providing Penalties Therefore. " ● SCHOOLS refer to colleges, universities,
by previous or simultaneous acts (Article 18, and all other educational institution.”
Revised Penal Code of Philippines).  SECTION 1 - A new section to be dominated as
Section 1 is hereby inserted in Republic Act No.  SECTION 3. A new section to be denominated as
● ACCESSORIES –those having knowledge of the 8049. to read as follows: Section 3 hereby inserted in the same Act to read as
commission of the crime, and without having follows:
participated therein, either as principals or
 ● PROHIBITION ON HAZING. proper authorities of the school not “Guidelines for the approval or denial of the
All forms of hazing shall be later than seven (7) days prior to the application to conduct initiation rites by a
prohibited in fraternities, sororities, and scheduled initiation date; registered fraternity, sorority, or organization shall
organization in schools, including citizens’ be promulgated by the appropriate school officials
military training and citizens’ army training. b. The written application shall indicate no later than sixty (60) days after the approval of
This prohibition shall likewise apply the place and date of the initiation this Act.
to all other similar fraternities, sororities, rites and the names of the recruits,
and organizations that are not school-based, neophytes, or applicants to be The appropriate school authorities shall have the
such as community based and other similar initiated and the manner by which obligation to disapprove the application to conduct
fraternities, sororities and organizations: they will conduct the initiation rites. initiation rites that do not conform with any of the
Provided, That the physical, mental, and requirements of this section, and the reasons
psychological testing and training c. Such written application shall further thereof shall be stated clearly and in unequivocal
procedures and practices to determine and contain an undertaking that no harm terms in a formal advice to the fraternity, sorority,
enhance the physical, mental, and of any kind shall be committed by or organization concerned, taking into
psychological fitness of prospective regular anybody during the initiation rites: consideration the safety and security of participants
members of the AFP and the PNP as in the activity.
approved by the Secretary of National d. The initiation rites shall not last more
Defense and the National Police than three (3) days: “School officials shall have the authority to impose,
Commission duly recommended by the after due notice and summary hearing, disciplinary
Chief of Staff of the AFP and the Director e. The application shall contain the sanction, in accordance with the schools guidelines
General of the PNP, shall not be considered names of incumbent officers of the and regulation on the matter which shall include
as hazing for purposes of this Act: Provided, fraternity, sorority, or organization but shall not be limited to reprimand, suspension,
further, That the exception provided herein and any person or persons who will exclusion or expulsion, to the head and all other
shall likewise apply to similar procedures take charge in the conduct of the officers if the fraternity, sorority, or organization
and practices approved by the respective initiation rites. which conducts an initiation without first securing
heads of other uniformed learning the necessary approval of the school as required
institutions as to their prospective member, f. The application shall be under oath under this section.
nor this provision apply to any customary with a declaration that it has been
athletic events or other similar contests or posted in the official school bulletin “In case the written application for the conduct of
competitions or any activity or conduct that board, the bulletin board of the office initiation rites contains false or inaccurate
furthers a legal and legitimate objective, of the fraternity, sorority, or information, appropriation disciplinary sanction in
subject to prior submission of medical organization, and two (2) other accordance with the schools guidelines and
clearance or certificate. conspicuous places in the school or regulation shall be imposed, after due notice and
in the premises of the organization; summary hearing, against the person who prepared
“In no case shall hazing be made a and the application or supplied the false and inaccurate
requirement for employment in any information and to the head and other officers of
business or corporation.” g. The application shall be posted the fraternity, sorority or organization concerned.”
from the time of submission of the
 SECTION 4. Section 2 of the same Act is hereby written notice to the school  SECTION 5. Section 3 of the same Act is hereby
amended to read as follows: authorities or head of organization amended to read as follows:
● Regulation of School-Based Initiation Rites. and shall only be removed from its  Monitoring of Initiation Rites. – The head of the
– Only initiation rites or practices that do not posting three (3) days after the school or an authorized representative must assign
constitute hazing shall be allowed: Provided, conduct of the initiation rites. at least two (2) representatives of the school to be
That: “The school, fraternity, sorority, or organization present during the initiation. It is the duty of the
a. A written application to conduct shall provide for their respective bulletin boards for school representatives to see to it that no hazing is
initiation rites shall be made to the purposes of this section. “ conducted during the initiation rites, and to
 document the entire proceedings.” Thereafter, and regulations on the matter including suspension circumstance when disciplining and protecting
said representatives who were present during the to the head and other officers of the fraternity, their children. To this end, it shall be the duty
initiation shall make a report of the initiation: sorority, or organization who fail to register or of schools to take more proactive steps to
Provided that if hazing is still committed despite update their roster of members as required under protect its students from the dangers of
their presence, no liability shall attach to them this section. participating in activities that involve hazing.
unless it is proven that they failed to perform an
overt act to prevent or stop the commission thereof.” “Failure to comply with any of the requirements in “Schools shall implement an information
this section shall result in the cancellation of the dissemination campaign at the start of every
 SECTION 6. A new section to be denominated as registration of the fraternity, sorority, or semester or trimester to provide adequate
Section 6 is hereby inserted in the same Act to read organization.” information to students and parents or guardians
as follows: regarding the consequences of conducting and
● Registration of Fraternities, Sororities and  SECTION 7. A new section to be denominated as participating in hazing.
Other Organization. – All existing Section 7 is hereby inserted in the same Act not
fraternities, sororities, and other organization read as follows: “An orientation program relating to membership in
otherwise not created or organized by the ● Faculty Adviser. – Schools shall require all a fraternity, sorority, or organization shall also be
school but has existing members who are fraternities, sororities and organization, as a conducted by schools at the start of every semester
students or plans to recruit students to be its condition to the grant of accreditation or or trimester.
members shall be required to register with the registration, to submit the name or names of
proper school authorities before it conduct their respective faculty adviser or advisers who  SECTION 9. A new section to be denominated as
activities whether on or off-campus, including must not be member of the respective Section 8 is hereby inserted in the same Act to read
recruitment of members. fraternity, sorority, or organization. The as follows:
submission shall also include a written ● Registration of Community-Based and
“A newly established fraternity, sorority, or acceptance or consent on the part of the Other Similar Fraternities, Sororities, or
organization in a school shall immediately register selected faculty adviser or advisers. Organization. – All new and existing
with the proper school authorities during the community based fraternities, sororities, or
semester or trimester in which it was established or “The faculty adviser or advisers shall be organizations, including their respective local
organized: Provided, That the new fraternity, responsible for monitoring the activities of the chapters, shall register with the barangay,
sorority or organization has complied with the fraternity, sorority, or organization. Each faculty municipality, or city wherein they are
requirements prescribed by the school in adviser must be duly recognized active member in primarily based.” “Upon registration, all
establishing a fraternity, sorority, or organization: good standing of the faculty at the school in which community based fraternities, sororities, or
Provided further, That schools shall promulgate the fraternity, sorority, or organization is organization, including their respective local
their guidelines in the registration of fraternities, established or registered. chapters, shall submit a comprehensive list of
sororities, and organization within their jurisdiction members and officers which shall be updated
not later than sixty (60) days from the approval this “In case of violation of any of the provisions of this yearly from the date of registration.”
Act. Act, it is presumed that the faculty adviser has
knowledge and consented to the commission of any  SECTION 10. A new section to be denominated as
“Upon registration, all fraternities, sororities, and of the unlawful acts stated therein.” Section 10 is hereby inserted in the same Act to
organization shall submit a comprehensive list of read as follows:
members, which shall be updated no later than  SECTION 8. A new section to be denominated as ● Regulation of Initiation Rites for
thirty (30) days from the start of every semester or Section 8 is hereby inserted in the same Act to read Community-Based Fraternities, Sororities,
trimester, depending on the academic calendar of as follows: or Organization. – Only initiation rites or
the school. ● Role of Educational Institutions. – The practices that do not constitute hazing shall be
responsibility of schools to exercise reasonable allowed: Provided, That:
“School officials shall have the authority to impose, supervision in loco parentis over the conduct a. A written application to conduct the
after due notice and summary hearing, disciplinary of its students requires the diligence that same shall be made to the punong
penalties in accordance with the school’s guidelines prudent parents would employ in the same barangay in the barangay or the
 municipal or city mayor in the to the punong barangay or municipal or shall not be available to persons prosecuted under
municipality or city where the city mayor and shall only be removed this Act.”
community-based fraternity, sorority or from its posting three (3) days after the
organization is based, not later than conduct of the initiation rites.  SECTION 13. A new section to be denominated as
seven (7) days prior to the scheduled Section 13 is hereby inserted in the same Act to
initiation date:  SECTION 11. A new section to be denominated as read as follows:
Section 11 is hereby inserted in the same Act to ● Administrative Sanctions. – The responsible
b. The written application shall indicate read as follows: officials of the school, the uniformed learning
the place and date of the initiation rites ● Monitoring of Initiation Rites of institutions, the AFP or the PNP may impose
and the names of the recruits, neophytes, Community-Based and All Similar the appropriate administrative sanctions, after
or applicants to be initiated; Fraternities, Sororities, or Organization. – due notice and summary hearing, on the person
The punong barangay of the barangay or the or the persons charged under this Act even
c. such written application shall further municipal or city mayor of the municipality or before their conviction.”
contain an undertaking that no harm of city where the communitybased fraternity,
any kind shall be committed but sorority, or organization is based must assign  SECTION 14. Section 4 of the same Act hereby
anybody during the initiation rites; at least two (2) barangay or municipal or amended to read as follows:
city officials to be present during the initiation ● Penalties. – The Following penalties shall be
d. A medical certificate of the recruit, and to document the entire proceedings. imposed:
neophytes, or applicant must be attached Thereafter, said representatives who a. The penalty of reclusion perpetua and a
to the application to ensure fitness to were present during the initiation shall make a fine of Three million pesos
undergo initiation when it involves report of the initiation rites to the punong (P3,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon
physical activity not falling under the barangay, or the municipal or city mayor those who actually planned or participated
definition of hazing as used in this Act; regarding the conduct of the initiation: in the hazing if as consequence of the
Provided, that if hazing is still committed hazing, death, rape, sodomy, or mutilation
e. The initiation rites shall last not more despite their presence, no liability shall attach results therefrom;
than three (3) days: to them unless it is proven that they failed to b. The penalty of reclusion perpetua and a
perform an overt act to prevent or stop the fine of Two million pesos (P2,000,000.00)
f. The application shall contain the names commission thereof.” shall be imposed upon: “
of the incumbent officers of the 1. All persons who actually planned or participated in
community-based fraternity, sorority, or  SECTION 12. A new section to be denominated as the conduct of the hazing;
organization and any person or persons Section 12 is hereby inserted in the same Act to
who will take charge in the conduct of read as follows: 2. All officers of the fraternity, sorority or
the initiation rites: ● Nullity of waiver and Consent - Any form of organization who are actually present during the
approval, consent or agreement, whether hazing;
g. The application shall be under oath with written or otherwise, of an express waiver of
a declaration that it has been posted on the right to object to the initiation rite or 3. The adviser of a fraternity, sorority, or organization
the official bulletin board of the proceeding which consists of hazing, as who is present when the acts constituting the
barangay hall or the municipal or city defined in this Act made by a recruit, neophyte, hazing were committed and failed to take action to
hall where the community-based or applicant prior to an initiation rite that prevent the same from occurring or failed to
fraternity, sorority, or organization is involves inflicting physical or psychological promptly report the same to the law enforcement
based, and on the bulletin board of the suffering, harm or injury shall be void and authorities if such adviser or advisers can do so
office of the community-based fraternity, without any binding effect on the parties. without peril to their person or their family;
sorority, or organization: and
“The defense that the recruit, neophyte or 4. All former officers, nonresident members, or
h. The application shall be posted from the applicant consented to being subjected to hazing alumni of the fraternity, sorority, or organization
time of submission of the written notice who are also present during the hazing: Provided,
 nonresident members, or alumni of the vexation against another person for the
“That should the former officer, nonresident fraternity, sorority, or organization acts purpose of recruitment in joining the
member, or alumnus be a member of the Philippine prescribed herein, will perform any act to organization. The persistent and repeated
Bar, such member shall immediately be subjected hide, conceal, or otherwise hamper to proposal or invitation made to a person
to disciplinary proceedings by the Supreme Court obstruct any investigation that will be who had twice refused to participate or join
pursuant to its power to discipline members of the conducted thereafter: the proposed fraternity, sorority, or
Philippine Bar: Provided, further, That should the organization, shall be prima facie evidence
former officer, nonresident member, or alumnus Provided, that should the former or vexation for purposes of this section; and
belong to any other profession subject to regulation officer, nonresident member, or alumnus be Provided further, That should the former
by the Professional Regulation Commission a member of the Philippine Bar, such officer, nonresident member, or alumnus
(PRC), such professional shall immediately be member shall immediately be subjected to belong to any profession subject to
subjected to disciplinary proceedings by the the disciplinary proceedings by the regulation by the PRC, such professional
concerned Professional Regulatory Board, the Supreme Court pursuant to its power to its shall immediately be subjected to
impossible penalty for which shall include, but is power to discipline members of the disciplinary proceedings by the concerned
not limited to, suspension for a period of… not less Philippine Bar: Professional.
than three (3) years revocation of the professional
license pursuant to this section may be reinstated Provided further, That should the f. A fine of One million pesos
upon submission of affidavits from at least three (3) former officer, nonresident member, or (P1,000,000.00) shall be imposed on the
disinterested persons, good moral certification alumnus belong to any profession subject to school if the fraternity, sorority, or
from different unaffiliated and credible government, regulation by the PRC, such professional organization filed a written application to
religious, and socio-civic organizations, and such shall immediately be subjected to conduct an initiation which was
other relevant evidence to show that the concerned disciplinary proceedings by the concerned subsequently approved by the school and
professional has become morally fit for Professional… Regulatory Board, the hazing occurred during the initiation rites
readmission into the profession: Provided, that said imposable penalty for which shall include, or when no representatives from the school
readmission into the profession shall be subject to but is not limited to suspension for a period were present during the initiation as
the approval of the respective Professional of not less than three (3) years or provided under Section 5 of this Act;
Regulatory Board; revocation of the professional license. A Provided, That if hazing has been
suspended or revoked professional license committed in circumvention of the
5. Officers or members of the fraternity, sorority or pursuant to this section may be reinstated provision of this Act, it is incumbent upon
organization who knowingly cooperated in carrying upon submission of affidavits from at least school officials to investigate motu propio
out the hazing by including the victim to be present three (3) disinterested persons, good and take an active role to ascertain factual
thereat; and moral certifications from different events and identify witnesses in order to
unaffiliated and credible government, determine the disciplinary sanctions it may
“Members of the fraternity, sorority, or religious, and socio-civic organizations, impose as well as provide assistance to
organization who are present during the hazing and such other relevant evidence to show police authorities.’’
when they are intoxicated or under the influence of that the concerned professional has become
alcohol or illegal drugs; “ morally fit for readmission into the “The owner or lessee of the place where hazing is
profession: Provided, that said Readmission conducted shall be liable as principal and penalized
c. The penalty of reclusion temporal in its into the profession shall be subject to the under paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section when
maximum period and a fine of One Million approval of the respective Professional such owner or lessee has actual knowledge of the
pesos (P1,000,000.00) shall be imposed Regulatory Board. ” hazing conducted therein but failed to take any
upon all persons who are present in the action to prevent the same from occurring or failed
conduct of the hazing; e. The penalty of prision correccional in its to promptly report the same to the law enforcement
d. The Penalty of reclusion temporal and a minimum period shall be imposed upon any authorities if they can do so without peril to their
fine of One Million pesos (P1,000,000.00) person who shall intimidate, threaten, force, person or their family. If the hazing is held in the
shall be imposed upon former officers, or any employ, or administer any form of home of one of the officers or members of the
fraternity, sorority, or organization, the parents requirement for employment in the manner
shall be held liable as principals and penalized provided herein.
under paragraphs (a) or (b) hereof when they have
actual knowledge of the hazing conducted therein “Any conviction by final judgment shall be
but failed to take any action to prevent the same reflected in the scholastic record, personal, or
from occurring or failed to promptly report the employment record of the person convicted,
same to the law enforcement authorities if such regardless of when the judgment of conviction has
parents can do so without peril to their person or become final.”
their family.
 SECTION 15. A new section to be denominated as
“The school authorities including faculty members follows;
as well as barangay, municipal or city officials ● Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR)
shall be liable as an accomplice and likewise be –The Commission on higher Education
held administratively accountable for hazing (CHED), together with the Department of
conducted by fraternities, sororities, and other Education (DepED), Department of Justice
organizations, if it can be shown that the school or (DOJ), Department of the Interior and Local
barangay, municipal, or city officials allowed or Government (DILG), Department of Social
consented to the conduct of hazing, but such Welfare and Development (DSWD). AFP,
officials failed to take any action to prevent the PNP, and National Youth Commission (NYC),
same from occurring or failed to promptly report to shall promulgate the IRR within ninety (90)
the law enforcement authorities if the same can be days from the effectivity of this Act.”
done without peril to their person or their family.
 SECTION 16
“The presence of any person, even if such person is ● Separability Clause – If any provision or part
not a member of the fraternity, sorority or of this act is declared invalid or
organization, during the hazing is prima facie unconstitutional, the other parts or provision
evidence of participation therein as a principal hereof shall remain valid and effective.
unless such a person or persons prevented the
commission of the acts punishable herein or  SECTION 17
promptly reported the same to the law enforcement ● Repealing Clause - Republic Act 8049 and all
authorities if they can do so without peril to their other laws, decrees executive orders,
person or their family. proclamations, rules and regulations, or parts
thereof which are inconsistent with or contrary
“The incumbent officers of the fraternity, sorority, to the provisions of this Act are hereby
or organization, concerned shall be jointly liable amended or modified accordingly.
with those members who actually participated in
the hazing.  SECTION 18.
● Effectivity Clause -This act shall take effect
“Any person charged under this Act shall not be fifteen (15) days after its publication in the
entitled to the mitigating circumstance that there Official Gazette or in at least two (2) national
was no intention to commit so grave a wrong. newspapers of general circulation.

“This section shall apply to their president,

manager, director, or other responsible officer of
businesses or corporations engaged in hazing as a