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Computer Architecture & Organization

This chapter introduces computer organization and architecture. It defines computer organization as the operational units and their interconnections, while architecture refers to attributes visible to programmers like instruction sets. The chapter describes the hierarchical structure of computers, with four main components: the CPU for control and processing, main memory for storage, I/O for data movement, and interconnections between them. The CPU has a control unit, ALU, registers, and internal interconnections.

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224 views16 pages

Computer Architecture & Organization

This chapter introduces computer organization and architecture. It defines computer organization as the operational units and their interconnections, while architecture refers to attributes visible to programmers like instruction sets. The chapter describes the hierarchical structure of computers, with four main components: the CPU for control and processing, main memory for storage, I/O for data movement, and interconnections between them. The CPU has a control unit, ALU, registers, and internal interconnections.

Uploaded by

David Moreno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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+

William Stallings
Computer Organization
and Architecture
9th Edition
+ Chapter 1
Introduction
Computer Architecture
Computer Organization
• Attributes of a system • Instruction set, number of
visible to the bits used to represent
programmer various data types, I/O
• Have a direct impact on mechanisms, techniques
the logical execution of a for addressing memory
program

Architectural
Computer
attributes
Architecture
include:

Organizational
Computer
attributes
Organization
include:

• Hardware details • The operational units and


transparent to the their interconnections
programmer, control that realize the
signals, interfaces architectural
between the computer specifications
and peripherals, memory
technology used
+
IBM System
370 Architecture
 IBM System/370 architecture
 Was introduced in 1970
 Included a number of models
 Could upgrade to a more expensive, faster model without having to
abandon original software
 New models are introduced with improved technology, but retain the
same architecture so that the customer’s software investment is
protected
 Architecture has survived to this day as the architecture of IBM’s
mainframe product line
+
Structure and Function

 Hierarchical system
 Structure
 Set of interrelated
 The way in which
subsystems
components relate to each
 Hierarchical nature of complex other
systems is essential to both
 Function
their design and their
description  The operation of individual
components as part of the
 Designer need only deal with structure
a particular level of the system
at a time
 Concerned with structure
and function at each level
+
Function

 A computer can perform


four basic functions:

● Data processing
● Data storage
● Data movement
● Control
+
Operations

(a)
Data movement
+
Operations

(b)
Data storage
+
Operations

(c)
Data movement
+

Operations

(d)
Control
The
Computer
Structure
+
 CPU – controls the operation of
the computer and performs its
There are four data processing functions
main structural
components  Main Memory – stores data
of the computer:  I/O – moves data between the
computer and its external
environment

 System Interconnection –
some mechanism that provides
for communication among CPU,
main memory, and I/O
+  Control Unit
CPU
 Controls the operation of the CPU
and hence the computer
Major structural
 Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
components:
 Performs the computer’s data
processing function

 Registers
 Provide storage internal to the CPU

 CPU Interconnection
 Some mechanism that provides for
communication among the control
unit, ALU, and registers
+ Summary
Introduction

Chapter 1
 Computer Organization  Structure
 CPU
 Computer Architecture  Main memory
 Function  I/O
 Data processing  System interconnection
 Data storage  CPU structural components
 Data movement  Control unit
 Control  ALU
 Registers
 CPU interconnection
+
Internet Resources
- Web site for book
 http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA9e.html
 Links to sites of interest
 Links to sites for courses that use the book
 Errata list for book
 Information on other books by W. Stallings

 http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html
 Math
 How-to
 Research resources
 Misc

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