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GED112

TEACHING ARTS
IN
ELEMENTARY GRADES

Compiled By:

RHEA MAE L. DETALLA

Name:___________________________________________________________

Section/Day/Time: ________________________________________________

Semester & A.Y.:_________________________________________________

Signature: ______________________________________________________
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Module 1 CONCEPT OF ART

WHAT IS ART?

Art is a highly diverse range of human activities engaged in creating

visual, auditory, or performed artifacts— artworks—that expresses the
author’s imaginative or technical skill, and is intended to be appreciated for
their beauty or emotional power.

The oldest documented forms of art are visual arts, which include
images or objects in fields like painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography,
and other visual media. Architecture is often included as one of the visual
arts; however, like the decorative arts, it involves the creation of objects
where the practical considerations of use are essential, in a way that they
usually are not in another visual art, like a painting.

Art may be characterized in terms of mimesis (its representation of

reality), expression, communication of emotion, or other qualities. Though the
definition of what constitutes art is disputed and has changed over time,
general descriptions center on the idea of imaginative or technical skill
stemming from human agency and creation. When it comes to visually
identifying a work of art, there is no single set of values or aesthetic traits. A
Baroque painting will not necessarily share much with a contemporary
performance piece, but they are both considered art.

Despite the seemingly indefinable nature of art, there have always

existed certain formal guidelines for its aesthetic judgment and analysis.
Formalism is a concept in art theory in which an artwork’s artistic value is
determined solely by its form, or how it is made. Formalism evaluates works
on a purely visual level, considering medium and compositional elements as
opposed to any reference to realism, context, or content.

Art is often examined through the interaction of

the principles and elements of art. The principles of art include movement,
unity, harmony, variety, balance, contrast, proportion and pattern. The
elements include texture, form, space, shape, color, value and line. The
various interactions between the elements and principles of art help artists to
organize sensorially pleasing works of art while also giving viewers a
framework within which to analyze and discuss aesthetic ideas.
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Ecce Homo, Caravaggio, 1605: This is an example of a Baroque painting.

What Does Art Do?

A fundamental purpose inherent to most artistic disciplines is the

underlying intention to appeal to, and connect with, human emotion.

A fundamental purpose common to most art forms is the underlying intention

to appeal to, and connect with, human emotion. However, the term is
incredibly broad and is broken up into numerous sub-categories that lead to
utilitarian, decorative, therapeutic, communicative, and intellectual ends. In its
broadest form, art may be considered an exploration of the human condition,
or a product of the human experience.

The decorative arts add aesthetic and design values to everyday objects,
such as a glass or a chair, transforming them from a mere utilitarian object to
something aesthetically beautiful. Entire schools of thought exist based on the
concepts of design theory intended for the physical world.
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Bauhaus chair by Marcel Breuer: The decorative arts add aesthetic and design values to
everyday objects.

Art can function therapeutically as well, an idea that is explored in art

therapy. While definitions and practices vary, art therapy is generally
understood as a form of therapy that uses art media as its primary mode of
communication. It is a relatively young discipline, first introduced around the
mid-20th century.

Historically, the fine arts were meant to appeal to the human intellect,
though currently there are no true boundaries. Typically, fine art movements
have reacted to each other both intellectually and aesthetically throughout the
ages. With the introduction of conceptual art and postmodern theory,
practically anything can be termed art. In general terms, the fine arts
represent an exploration of the human condition and the attempt to
experience a deeper understanding of life.

What Does Art Mean?

The meaning of art is shaped by the intentions of the artist as well as

the feelings and ideas it engenders in the viewer.

The meaning of art is often culturally specific, shared among the

members of a given society and dependent upon cultural context. The
purpose of works of art may be to communicate political, spiritual or
philosophical ideas, to create a sense of beauty (see aesthetics), to explore
the nature of perception, for pleasure, or to generate strong emotions. Its
purpose may also be seemingly nonexistent.
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The nature of art has been described by philosopher Richard

Wollheim as “one of the most elusive of the traditional problems of human
culture.” It has been defined as a vehicle for the expression or communication
of emotions and ideas, a means for exploring and appreciating formal
elements for their own sake, and as mimesis or representation. More recently,
thinkers influenced by Martin Heidegger have interpreted art as the means by
which a community develops for itself a medium for self-expression and
interpretation.

Art, in its broadest sense, is a form of communication. It means

whatever the artist intends it to mean, and this meaning is shaped by the
materials, techniques, and forms it makes use of, as well as the ideas and
feelings it creates in its viewers. Art is an act of expressing feelings, thoughts,
and observations.

What Makes Art Beautiful?

Beauty in terms of art refers to an interaction between line, color,

texture, sound, shape, motion, and size that is pleasing to the senses.

What makes art beautiful is a complicated concept, since beauty is

subjective and can change based on context. However, there is a basic
human instinct, or internal appreciation, for harmony, balance, and rhythm
which can be defined as beauty. Beauty in terms of art usually refers to an
interaction between line, color, texture, sound, shape, motion, and size that is
pleasing to the senses.

 Aesthetic Art

Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature and
appreciation of art, beauty, and taste. Aesthetics is central to any exploration
of art. The word “aesthetic” is derived from the Greek “aisthetikos,” meaning
“esthetic, sensitive, or sentient.” In practice, aesthetic judgment refers to the
sensory contemplation or appreciation of an object (not necessarily a work of
art), while artistic judgment refers to the recognition, appreciation, or criticism
of a work of art.

Numerous philosophers have attempted to tackle the concept of beauty

and art. For Immanuel Kant, the aesthetic experience of beauty is a judgment
of a subjective, but common, human truth. He argued that all people should
agree that a rose is beautiful if it indeed is. There are many common
conceptions of beauty; for example, Michelangelo’s paintings in the Sistine
Chapel are widely recognized as beautiful works of art. However, Kant
believes beauty cannot be reduced to any basic set of characteristics or
features.

For Arthur Schopenhauer, aesthetic contemplation of beauty is the freest

and most pure that intellect can be. He believes that only in terms of
aesthetics do we contemplate perfection of form without any kind of worldly
agenda.
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Michelangelo, The Creation of Adam, The Sistine Chapel, 1508-1512:

Beauty in art can be difficult to put into words due to a seeming lack of
accurate language. An aesthetic judgment cannot be an empirical judgment
but must instead be processed on a more intuitive level.

 Art and Human Emotion

Sometimes beauty is not the artist’s ultimate goal. Art is often intended to
appeal to, and connect with, human emotion. Artists may express something
so that their audience is stimulated in some way—creating feelings, religious
faith, curiosity, and interest, identification with a group, memories, thoughts,
or creativity. For example, performance art often does not aim to please the
audience but instead evokes feelings, reactions, conversations, or questions
from the viewer. In these cases, aesthetics may be an irrelevant measure of
“beautiful” art.

Who Is an Artist?

An artist is a person who is involved in the wide range of activities that

are related to creating art.

An artist is a person who is involved in the wide range of activities that

are related to creating art. The word has transformed over time and context,
but the modern understanding of the term denotes that, ultimately, an artist is
anyone who calls him/herself an artist.

In ancient Greece and Rome, there was no word for “artist.” The
Greek word “techne” is the closest that exists to “art” and means “mastery of
any art or craft.” From the Latin “tecnicus” derives the English words
“technique,” “technology,” and “technical.” From these words we can denote
the ancient standard of equating art with manual labor or craft.

Each of the nine muses of ancient Greece oversaw a different field of

human creation. The creation of poetry and music was considered to be
divinely inspired and was therefore held in high esteem. However, there was
no muse identified with the painting and sculpture; ancient Greek culture held
these art forms in low social regard, considering work of this sort to be more
along the lines of manual labor.
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During the Middle Ages, the word “artista” referred to something

resembling “craftsman,” or student of the arts. The first division into “major”
and “minor” arts dates back to the 1400s with the work of Leon Battista
Alberti, which focused on the importance of the intellectual skills of the artist
rather than the manual skills of a craftsman. The European academies of the
16th century formally solidified the gap between the fine and the applied arts,
which exists in varying degrees to this day. Generally speaking, the applied
arts apply design and aesthetics to objects of everyday use, while the fine
arts serve as intellectual stimulation.

Currently, the term “artist” typically refers to anyone who is engaged in

an activity that is deemed to be an art form. However, the questions of what is
art and who is an artist are not easily answered. The idea of defining art today
is far more difficult than it has ever been. After the exhibition during the Pop
Art movement of Andy Warhol’s Brillo Box and Campbell’s Soup Cans, the
questions of “what is art?” and “who is an artist?” entered a more conceptual
realm. Anything can, in fact, be art, and the term remains constantly evolving.

Andy Warhol, Campbell’s Soup Cans, 1962: Andy Warhol’s Campbell’s Soup Cans have come
to be representative of the Pop Art movement.

Activity 1. Put your output in a yellow paper.

A. What is ART TO YOU?

B. Research at least 5 artists and name their works.
 Cut-out an image of the art.
 Explain each art base on your understanding.
 Explanation is 2-3 sentences only.
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Module 2

ELEMENTS OF ART

Elements of Art

- Stylistic features that are included within an art piece to help the artist
communicate. The elements of art are the building blocks used by artists to
create a work of art.

The seven most common elements include:

Line - is a mark with greater length than width. Lines can be horizontal, vertical,
or diagonal; straight or curved; thick or thin. Shape is a closed line.

There are 5 main types of lines in art: vertical lines, horizontal lines, diagonal
lines, zigzag lines, and curved lines. Other types of lines are simply variations of the
five main ones.

5 Types of Lines in Art: Meaning and Examples

- Vertical lines are straight up and down lines that are moving in space
without any slant and are perpendicular to horizontal lines. They suggest
height and strength because they extend towards the sky and seem
unshakeable.
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- Horizontal lines are straight lines parallel to the horizon that move from left
to right. They suggest width, distance, calmness, and stability.

- Diagonal lines are straight lines that slant in any direction except horizontal
or vertical. When in use, they suggest movement or lack of stability.

- Zigzag lines are a series of diagonal lines joined at ends. They can convey
action and excitement, as well as restlessness and anxiety.

- Curved lines are lines that bend and change direction gradually. They can
be simply wavy or spiral. Such lines convey the feelings of comfort and ease,
as well as sensual quality as they remind us of the human body.
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How to Get Variations of Lines in Art

The 5 main types of lines are the beginning of all sorts of amazing and unique
lines! To get more line variations, refer to tools such as length, width, weight, texture,
style, direction, the degree of curve or all of the above combined.

 Length in lines can be long (tall, strong, far) or short (small, cute, close).

 Width in lines goes from thin (delicate, slim, lightweight) to thick (strength,

weight, power).

 Weight in lines means the continuous change of width. By varying the

weight, one can capture energy, movement and even suggest when one
object is in front of the other.

 Texture in lines defines how smooth or rough it is. Varying it can simply
mean changing your working medium (for example, going from marker to
charcoal or changing your digital brush).

 Style of lines refers to continuous, dotted, dashed or implied lines.

Continuous or implied lines are great for leading the eye of the viewer in the
direction you want them to go. Dashed or dotted lines are great for patterns,
energy and calling for attention.
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If we combine all of these variations into one, we get a unique looking line
that serves a purpose.

Types of Lines in Art Defined by Their Use

Another way to combine different lines into types is by the way they are being
used in an artwork. The types of lines are contour lines, continuous line, parallel
or cross-hatching lines, decoration lines, implied lines and gesture lines.

 Contour lines are a continuous line that defines the outline of a shape. They
can exist outside and inside a shape, or a figure and are often referred to as
line art.
Some artists create contour lines by using the same width line, while others change
the width to give more energy and volume suggestions.

Egon Schiele, Sitting Child, 1916. (source)

 The continuous line is when a drawing is done at one go without ever lifting

it from the page.

This type of art ends up being very expressive and energetic if done right, if done
not-so-well it can simply end up looking messy.

Source: my 30-second doodle! It’s so much fun, try it!

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 Parallel or cross-hatching lines are used to create texture, volume, shading

or patterns.

They are often used as one at a time and are very effective during sketching. The
more lines there are close together, the darker the area seems, creating a shadow.

John C. Calhoun, Savinien Edme Dubourjal, 1846 (source)

 Gesture lines are quick continuous lines often used to represent human form
and movement, thus gesture drawing.

Gesture drawing (link to gesture drawing tips you don’t want to miss!) is often a
warm-up session of 30 seconds – 5 minutes, which supports the energetic, quick and
in-motion lines type.

 Implied lines are lines that aren’t physically present, but generated by our
minds based on other subjects.

They are a very powerful tool in art and design, as they guide the viewer’s eyes right
where artist wants them to go.
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[modified] The unequal marriage, Vasily Vladimirovich Pukirev, 1862. (source)

The 5 most common functions of lines in art are: identification, three-dimensional

space, organization, movement, texture.

The identification function of a line refers to its most basic function of

capturing the essence of the subject. Meaning, our brain is able to identify a few
varying lines put together in a certain way as a human or an object.

The three-dimensional function of line is to provide a sense of space.

Variation of a line in tonality, width, weight, focus and intensity is what allows for the
effect to occur.
For example, if an object is far, the tone of the line will be lighter and thinner, than for
the object that is close (darker and thicker).

The organization function of a line refers to the basic under drawing (or

sketch) for artwork in painting/drawing, as well as separating or grouping elements
on a page in design.
It’s often the stage when one defines the composition of art, where the foreground,
middle ground and background lie, as well as the objects within it.

The movement function of a line refers to guiding the viewer’s eyes in the

desired direction, as well as showing the movement of a subject.
It’s often done through varying line’s width, direction, or using implied lines.

The texture function of a line is using different variations of a line to imply

textures. For example, smooth texture is created with straight or curved unbroken
lines, messy texture can be created by using a different tool, and fur textures are
created with a specific pattern.

ACTIVITY #2.

 Draw an art that involves a line in a short/long bond paper.

 You can put a color to make it colorful.
 See sample below
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S hapes can be geometric, like squares and circles; or organic, like free-form
or natural shapes. Shapes are flat and can express length and width.

- is one of the visual elements which refers to an enclosed two-dimensional

area. You create a shape whenever you draw a line that connects at both
ends.
- Shapes can be used in art to control your feelings about the mood and
composition of an artwork.

The Visual Element of Shape can be natural or man-made, regular or irregular,

flat (2-dimensional) or solid (3-dimensional), representational or abstract, geometric
or organic, transparent or opaque, positive or negative, decorative or symbolic,
colored, patterned or textured.

The Perspective of Shapes: The angles and curves of shapes appear to

change depending on our viewpoint. The technique we use to describe this change
is called perspective drawing (https://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/visual-
elements/shape.html).

The Behaviour of Shapes: Shapes can be used to control your feelings in the
composition of an artwork:
 Squares and Rectangles can portray strength and stability
 Circles and Ellipses can represent continuous movement
 Triangles can lead the eye in an upward movement
 Inverted Triangles can create a sense of imbalance and tension
Our selection of artworks illustrated below have been chosen because they all use
shape in an inspirational manner. We have analyzed each of these to demonstrate
how great artists use this visual element as a creative force in their work.

1.Two-Dimensional Shapes

Two-dimensional shapes: Most of the art we see is two-dimensional: a drawing,

a painting, a print or a photograph which is usually viewed as a flat surface. Most
two-dimensional art tries to create the illusion of three dimensions by combining the
visual elements to a greater or lesser degree.

In Escher's lithograph, the artist is playing with the illusion of two and three-
dimensions in the same image. From an interlocking pattern drawn on a page of his
sketchbook, the flat outlined shapes of the reptiles are brought to life by the addition
of tone. They step out of their two-dimensional world into a three dimensional
landscape of solidly rendered objects that have been selected for their variety of
shapes and textures. After a short journey exploring this new environment they
return to their original format by losing their tone and adopting their former position
within the design - a return trip between two and three dimensions.

M. C. ESCHER (1898-1972)
Reptiles, 1943 (lithograph)
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2.Three-Dimensional Shapes

Three-dimensional shapes: Anthony Caro uses industrial beams, bars, pipes,

sections and steel plate which he cuts, bends, welds, bolts and occasionally paints to
form the shapes for his constructed metal sculptures. You can walk around and
between these three dimensional abstract forms to interact with the changing
relationships of their delicately balanced structures.

Although this sculpture is constructed from heavy gauge steel and probably
weighs about the same as an average family car, it seems to defy gravity. The open
arrangement of its composition and the delicate balance of its component parts
collaborate to lift this sculpture from the deadweight of its materials to its elevated
status as an artwork.

ANTHONY CARO (1924-2013)

Paul's Turn, 1971 (cor-ten steel)

3.Representational Shapes

Representational shapes attempt to reproduce what we see to a greater or lesser

degree.

Representational art is the blanket term we use to describe any artwork whose
shapes are drawn with some degree of visual accuracy. Realism, however, is not the
sole objective of representational art. It can be stylized with various levels of detail,
from a simple monochrome outline to a fully rendered form with color, tone, pattern
and texture. For example, compare the exquisite detail of 'Still Life: An Allegory of
the Vanities of Human Life' by Harmen Steenwyck to 'The Blue Fan' by Francis
Cadell at the top of the page. Both are still life paintings that use accurate
representational shapes but the former evolves as an outstanding study of tone and
texture while the latter abstracts and develops color as a major theme of the work.
'Still Life: An Allegory of the Vanities of Human Life' is the pinnacle of
representational art. It is painted with a remarkably realistic technique but it is more
than just an example of skilled craftsmanship. Each object has a unique symbolic
meaning and works together to create a moral narrative within the group. To discover
more about the hidden secrets of this artwork please explore our page on Harmen
Steenwyck - Vanitas Still Life Painting.

'The Blue Fan' also uses accurate representational shapes which play a
major role in the composition of the work but the balance of the other visual elements
is altered for creative effect: tone and texture are suppressed to allow the expressive
qualities of shape, color and pattern to flourish.
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4.Abstract Shapes

Abstract shapes, modified by the other visual elements, are the subject matter
of Abstract Art.

When Paul Cézanne began to distort the perspective of representational shapes

in his paintings, art took its first steps on a journey that led it through the partial
abstraction of Cubism and Futurism to a range of pure abstract styles
including Suprematism, Constructivism, De Stijl, Abstract Expressionism, Op
Art and Minimalism.

In 'Still Life with a Peach and Two Green Pears' Cézanne tilts the perspective of
the plate towards the picture plane. This has the effect of flattening the composition
and emphasizing the abstract outline of its shapes. The flatness of the painting is
further enhanced by the diamond shaped moulding and the circular handle of the
cupboard in the background. Cézanne believed that the two dimensional qualities of
a painting should not be denied and consequently much of his work involves:
 creating a balanced arrangement of shapes, some of which may be distorted
for the benefit of the composition.
 defining depth and form with the natural properties of color, where warm
colors appear to advance while cool colors recede.
 adapting his painting technique by using regulated brushstrokes to
emphasize the unity of surface in his work.
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Abstract artists attempt to stimulate an emotional response by arranging the

visual elements in a harmonic or dynamic configuration, much in the same way that a
musician uses sound, pitch, tempo and silence to compose a piece of music.

5.Positive and Negative Shapes

Positive Shape: This is the actual physical form of any shape.

Negative Shape: The space between and around the physical form of any shape.

In 'Colonial Cubism', Stuart Davis plays with our interpretation of space by

using color to subvert our reading of positive and negative shapes. He wrote, "I think
of color as an interval of space - not as red or blue. People used to think of color and
form as two things. I think of them as the same thing, so far as the language of
painting is concerned. Color in a painting represents different positions in space.”
When we look at certain shapes in this work, their form appears to either advance or
recede depending on their adjacent shapes and colors. Despite the fact that they are
flat and on the same plane, they alternate between a positive or negative reading of
their space.

There were two things that Davis loved which had a profound effect on his
painting: New York and jazz. The title of this painting is a humorous reference to the
ambience of New York as the inspiration for the shapes and colors of the work while
acknowledging the European origins of its style. His love of jazz is reflected in the
syncopated rhythm of his shapes as they oscillate between a positive and negative
reading across the composition.
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6.Geometric Shapes

Geometric shapes were originally formed mechanically using a ruler or compass.

However today, even the most complex geometric forms can be easily created using
digital imaging software. In art they tend to be used to convey the idea of rigidity,
structure, pattern, perspective and 3 dimensional forms.

ACTIVITY #3.

 Draw an art that involves SHAPES in a short/long bond paper.

 CHOOSE ONE IN THE TYPE OF SHAPES AND EXPLAIN BREIFLY YOUR
CREATION.
(If I will choose geometric shape I will draw an art involving geometric shapes
and I will explain what my art is all about.)
 You can put a color to make it colorful.
 You can search in the internet for inspiration.
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Forms are three-dimensional shapes expressing length, width, and depth.

Balls, cylinders, boxes, and pyramids are forms.

Sculpture and 3D design are about creating forms.

In 2D artworks, tone and perspective can be used to create an illusion
of form.
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Shape and form define objects in space. Shapes have two

dimensions–height and width–and are usually defined by lines. Forms exist in
three dimensions, with height, width, and depth.

Space is the area between and around objects. The space around objects
is often called negative space; negative space has shape. Space can also
refer to the feeling of depth. Real space is three-dimensional; in visual art,
when we create the feeling or illusion of depth, we call it space. Color is light
reflected off of objects.

There are two types of space that exist within art — positive space and
negative space. Positive space is the actual objects or shapes within an artwork and
negative space is the space around and between those objects. A good way to
demonstrate positive and negative space is by utilizing Rubin’s vase. (Refer to
illustration.) As you can see the vase occupies what would be referred to as positive
space and the space surrounding the vase is negative space. Notice how the
negative space is forming silhouettes of two faces in profile.

Positive Space
Positive space is the area or part of the composition that an object or subject
occupies. It is usually the main focus of the painting, such as a vase of flowers, fruit,
or candle in a still life, a person’s face in a portrait, or an animal in a wild life
painting, or a building, trees and hills in a landscape. When used skillfully, positive
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space will add interest by enhancing and balancing the negative space in

a composition.

Negative Space
Negative space is that empty or open space that surrounds an object. It helps
to define the object, gives it some breathing room to prevent the painting from being
too crowded and has a huge impact on how the art piece is perceived.

An interesting thing about negative space is it can be used to prompt viewers

to seek out subtle hidden images within the negative space causing your design to
get more attention and to be remembered while other less interesting works aren’t.

Why is negative space so important?

1. It can add interest and is an excellent way to draw attention to your works of

art. A good balance between great negative space and intrigue will cause the viewer
to desire more time looking at your work of art.
2. It can draw the viewer in giving them a sense of inclusion because they
discovered a subtle hidden message or image in the composition. Even though it
may be a simple composition, great negative space reveals there is more to the
piece than first meets the eye making it a more rewarding experience for the viewer.
3. It gives the eye a “place to rest,” thereby adding to the subtle appeal of the
composition. The equal amounts of both negative and positive is considered by
many to be good design.

Color is the element of art that involves light. It is produced when light waves
strike an object and are reflected into our eyes. It consists of three properties:
hue, intensity, and value.

Three main characteristics:

 Hue — this is simply the name that is given to a color, such as red, yellow,
blue, purple, green, orange, etc.
 Intensity (or saturation) — this refers to the purity or dullness of a color.
Purity is determined by whether or not a color has been mixed with another color and
if so, to what degree. Colors straight from the tube are considered the most intense.
Those mixed with other colors are considered less intense.  There are two methods
that can be used to dull the intensity of a color:
1) Mix the color with gray
2) Mix the color with its complement
 Value — this is the lightness or darkness of a color. A color’s value changes
when white or black is added. Adding white creates a “tint” of that color and adding
black creates a “shade”.

Using color effectively in the creation of art involves understanding three basic areas:
the color wheel, color value, and color schemes or as it is also referred to, color
harmony.
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The Color Wheel

The color wheel (sometimes called a color circle) is a handy
tool often used by artists and interior decorators as a visual
aid in understanding the relationship between colors. It was
developed in 1666 by Sir Isaac Newton when he took the
color spectrum and bent it into a circle. The color wheel is a
circular chart divided into 12 sections with each sector
showing a different color. It is made up of three different
types of colors – primary, secondary, and tertiary. The term
“tertiary” means third, by the way.

Primary colors are red, yellow, and blue. These colors are equally

distanced apart on the color wheel. There only three
primary colors and they are the most basic colors on the
wheel. They cannot be created by mixing any other colors
together and can only be derived through natural pigments.
All other colors found on the color wheel can be mixed from
these three basic colors.

Secondary colors are orange, green and purple (or violet). These

colors are created from mixing equal parts of any two
primary colors together.
 Red + yellow = orange
 Yellow + blue = green
 Blue + red = violet (purple)

 Tertiary colors are red-purple, red-orange, blue-green, blue-purple, yellow-

green, and yellow-orange. There are six tertiary colors and they are the result
from mixing equal parts of a primary color with a secondary color. The proper
way to refer to tertiary colors is by listing the primary color first and then the
secondary color. That’s why tertiary colors are referred to by a two word
name.

 Red + violet (purple) = red-violet (red-purple)

 Red + orange = red-orange
 Blue + green = blue-green
 Blue + violet (purple) = blue-violet (blue-purple)
 Yellow + orange = yellow-orange
 Yellow + green = yellow-green

Act. 4. Put this on a Bond Paper; you can use Crayon or Water Color for this activity.

1. Create a color wheel:

 Primary Colors  Tertiary Colors

 Secondary Colors
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Texture is the surface quality that can be seen and felt. Textures can be
rough or smooth, soft or hard. Textures do not always feel the way they look; for
example, a drawing of a porcupine may look prickly, but if you touch the drawing, the
paper is still smooth.

The Two Types of Texture — Tactile and Visual

 Tactile texture is the real thing. It is the actual way a surface feels when it is
felt or touched, such as rough, smooth, soft, hard, silky, slimy, sticky, etc. 3-D
art such as sculpture and architectural structures are tactile in nature
because they can be felt. An example of real texture would be wood,
sandpaper, canvas, rocks, glass, granite, metal, etc.

Even the brush strokes used in a painting can create a textured surface that can be
felt and seen. The building up of paint on the surface of a canvas or board, so that it
creates actual texture, is called impasto. Painters may choose to apply their paints
thickly or thinly depending on overall effect that is wished to be achieved.

 Visual texture is not real texture. All textures you observe in photographs are

visual textures. No matter how rough objects may seem to appear in a
photograph, the surface of the photograph is always going to be smooth and
flat to the touch.

Artists can create the illusion of texture in their paintings by simulation or implying it

through the use of various art elements such as line, shading and color. It is
created by repeating lines, dot or other shapes to create a pattern. Varying the size,
density, and orientation of these marks will produce other desired effects as well.
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Common Textures
Although there are hundreds, perhaps thousands of different types of texture,
nonetheless, all texture will fall under two broad categories — rough and smooth. For
example:

Rough Smooth

Course Fine

Bumpy Slick

Dry Wet

Flat Wrinkled

Scaly Silky

Glossy Matte

Sandy Slimy

Hairy Bald

Hard Soft

Prickly Velvety

Sharp Dull

Sticky Slippery