Operating Statement (Absorption Costing)
Budgeted Profit Budgeted Units * Standard Profit / Unit
Sales Variances F A
Sales Price Variance AS (ASP - SSP) XXXX XXXX
Sales Volume Profit Margin Variance SPM (AS - BS) XXXX XXXX
Cost Variances
Material Price Variance AQ (AP- SP) XXXX XXXX
Material Usage Variance SP ( AQ - SQ) XXXX XXXX
Labor Rate Variance AH (AR - SR) XXXX XXXX
Labor Efficiency Variance SR (AH - SH) XXXX XXXX
Idle Time Variance Idle hours * SR XXXX XXXX
Variable O/H expenditure variance AH (AR - SR) XXXX XXXX
Variable O/H efficiency variance SR (AH - SH) XXXX XXXX
Fixed O/H expenditure variance AHAR - BHSR XXXX XXXX
Fixed O/H Capacity Variance BHSR - AHSR XXXX XXXX
Fixed O/H efficiency Variance AHSR - SHSR XXXX XXXX
Actual Profit Actual Units * Actual Profit / Unit
Material Mix Variance (AQAM - AQSM) * SP
Material Yield Variance (AGSM - SQSM) * SP
Labor Mix Variance (AHAM - AHSM) * SR
Labor Yield Variance (AHSM - SHSM) * SR
Sales Mix Profit Margin Variance (ASAM - ASSM) * SPM
Sales Quantity Profit Margin Variance (ASSM - BSSM) * SPM
Notes:
Material Variances
For price variance use quantity purchased and for quantity variance use quanity used
Labor Variances
For rate variance use labor hours paid and for efficiency variance use labor hours worked.
Variable Overhead Variances
As VOH is based on labor so use same hours as of labor and then multiply with overhead rate
Fixed Overhead Variances
capaicty variance is the difference between actual and budget hours/units
efficiency variance is the difference between actual and standard hours/units
actual hours/units more than budgeted is favorable
actual hours/units more than standard is unfavorable
General Points
for SQ and SH multiply Actual Units with SQ/SH?unit
for BH multiply budgeted Units with SQ/Unit
for Budgeted Profit multiply Budgeted Units with Standard Profit / Unit
In case marginal costing system is used, then calculate only one variance for FOH (expenditure variance)
and use Standard CM instead of Standard PM
Ovearhead Absorption Rate = Budgeted Overheads / Budgeted Hours
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