0 ratings0% found this document useful (0 votes) 4K views9 pagesApi 661
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content,
claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Sess
American Petroleum Institute
ee
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Air-cooled heat
exchangers
1 Scope
This International Standard gives requirements and recommendations for the design, materials, fabrication,
inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of air-cooled heat exchangers for use in the petroleum and natural
gas industries.
This International Standard is applicable to air-cooled heat exchangers with horizontal bundles, but the basic
concepts may also be applied to other configurations.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions >f
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of the:
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged ‘0
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards,
180 76, Rolling bearings — Static load ratings.
180 281, Rolling bearings — Dynamic load ratings and rating ite.
1SO 286 (all parts), ISO system of limits and fits.
180 1081, Belt drive — V-belts and V-ribbed belts, and corresponding grooved pulleys — Vocabulary.
ISO 1489, Metallic coatings — Protection against corrosion by hot-dip galvanizing — Guiding principles.
180 1461, Hot-dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and stee! articles — Specifications and test methods.
ISO 2491, Thin parallel keys and their corresponding keyways (dimensions in rnilimetres)
ISO 3744, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure — Engineering
‘method in an essentially free field over @ reflecting plane.
180 4183, Belt drives — Classical and narrow V-belts — Grooved pulleys (system based on datum width).
1S0 4184, Belt drives — Classical and narrow V-belts — Lengths in datum system.
{SO 5287, Narrow V-belt drives for the automotive industry — Fatigue test.
ISO 5280, Belt drives — Grooved pulleys for joined narrow V-belts — Groove sections 9J, 15J, 20) and 25/
(effective system), API Standard 661/ISO 13706:2001 © American Petroleum Institute
1S0 8501-1, Preparation of stee! substrates before application of paints and releted products — Visual assessment
of surface cleanliness — Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated stee! substrates and of stee! @
substrates after overall removal of previous coatings.
ISO 9563, Belt drives — Electrical conductivity of antistatic endless synchronous belts — Characteristics and test
method.
1SO 10436, Petroleum and natural gas industries — General-purpose steam turbines for refinery service.
AGMA 6001, Design and selection of components for enciosed gear drives.
AGMA 6010-E, Practice for enclosed speed reducers or increasers using spur, helical, herringbone and spiral bevel
gears.
ICBO), Uniform Building Code.
3. Terms and defi
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
34
bank
one or more items arranged in a continuous structure
32
bare tube surface
total area of the outside surfaces of the tubes, based on the length measured between the outside faces of the
header tubesheets «@
33
bay
fone or more tube bundles, serviced by two or more fans, including the structure, plenum and other attendant
equipment
NOTE Figure 1 shows typical bay arrangements.
34
finned surface
total area of the outside surface exposed to air
35
forced-draught exchanger
exchanger designed with the tube bundles located on the discharge side of the fan
36
induced-draught exchanger
‘exchanger designed with the tube bundles located on the suction side of the fan
37
item
‘one or more tube bundles for an individual service
1) Anwicn Ger Maeve asst, 50 King Ss, Sue 20, Nexans, VA 7294 SA d
2) emote Bang On, 80 Suh ean Mt on, itr CA 980, USA
2 © American Petroleum Institute API Standard 661/ISO 13706:2001
38
item number
purchaser's identification number for an item
39
pressure design code
recognized pressure vessel standard specified or agreed by the purchaser
EXAMPLE ASME Vill
3.10
structural code
recognized structural standard specified or agreed by the purchaser
EXAMPLES —_AISG M011 and AISC $302.
34
tube bundle
asseinbly of headers, tubes and frames
1
,_ —
NA KS LF
OH) 1
fe |S. os.
SS, Jo
ot
4 |,
a) One-bay b) Two-bay
.
Figure 1 — Typical bay arrangements API Standard 661/ISO 13706:2001 © American Petroleum Institute
4 General
®
@ 4.4. The pressure design code shall be specified or agreed by the purchaser.
Pressure components shall comply with the pressure design code and the supplemental requirements given in this
International Standard.
NOTE Around bullet (@) at the beginning of a subclause indicates a requirement for the purchaser to make decision or
Provide information (see checklist in annex B). A triangular bullet (4) at the beginning of a subclause incicates that this detail i
{cluded on the air-cooled heat exchangor data sheet (see annex B),
42 The air-cooled heat exchanger shall be either a forced-draught exchanger or an induced-draught exchanger
‘dnd shall include the components shown in Figure 2 and any auxiliaries such as ladders, walkways and platforms.
4.3. Aninex A, which may be consulted if required, includes for information some recommended mechanical and
design details. Annex A also includes precautions for consideration when specifying certain design aspects.
including temperature limitations, type of extended surface, tube suppor methods, type of air-cooled heat
exchanger, materials of gasket construction and operational considerations such as walkway access.
© 4.4 The vendor shall comply with the applicable focal regulations specified by the purchaser.
4.5 Inthis International Standard, where practical, U.S. Customary unis are included in brackets for information
a) Forced draught b) Induced draught
Key
1 Tube bundle 6 Fan
2 Header 7 Fan ring
3 Nozzle 8 Fan deck
4. Supporting column © Drive assembly
5 Plonum
Figure 2— Typical components of an air-cooled heat exchanger © American Petroleum Institute API Standard 661/1SO 13706:2001
MWA
16
Key
1 Tubsshest 7 Stiffener 13. Tube keeper
2 Plug sheet 8 Plug 14 Vent
3. Top and bottom plates 9 Nozzle 18 Drain
4 End plate 10 Side frame 16 Instrument connection
5 Tubs 11. Tube spacor
8 Past partition 12. Tube support cross- member
Figure 5 — Typical construction of a tube bundle with plug headers
7.4.7 Plugs for tube access
7.4.7.4 Plugs shall be the shoulder type with straight-threaded shanks
7.4.7.2 Hollowed plugs shall not be used.
7.4.7.3 __ Plugs shall have hexagonal heads. The minimum dimension across the flats shall be at least equal to
the plug shoulder diameter.
7.1.7.4 The pressure seal shall be maintained by means of a gasket between the flange of the plug and the
plug sheet
7.1.7.5 Positive means (such as a self-centring taper) shall be provided to ensure seating of the gasket in the
spotfaced recess.
43 API Standard 661/ISO 13706:2001 © American Petroleum Institute
7.4.9.12 Threaded connections shall be one of the following types and shalt comply with the pressure design code:
'a) forged steel full-coupling threaded one end only, with a suitable rating (2.9. ASME B16.11, class 6 000);
b) forged steel fiting with integral reinforcement;
) tapped holes for vent and drain connections, where header plate thickness permits,
d) equivalent boss connection,
4 7.1.9.13 Ifa thermowell connection is specified, it shall be located in the nozzle unless the nozzle is smaller than
DN 100 (NPS 4), in which case the connection shall be located on the header adjacent to the nozzle.
47.19.14 Ifa pressure gauge connection is specified it shall be located on the nozzle unless the nozzle is smaller
than DN 80 (NPS 3), in which case the connection shail be located on the header adjacent to the nozzle.
7.1.9.15 Pipe threads shall be taper pipe threads (e.g. ASME B1.20.1) and shall comply with the pressure design
code.
4 7.1.9.16 The size, type and location of chemical cleaning connections shall be specified by the purchaser.
7.4.9.17 If specified, instrument connections shall be located in at least one inlet and outlet nozzle per bundle,
except that none are required in intermediate nozzles of stacked bundles.
7.49.18 Allthreaded piping connections shall be closed with a round headed plug,
7.49.19 Flanged auxiliary connections, if any, shall be closed with blind flanges. The gasket and bolting
materials shall be suitable for the specified operating conditions.
7.4.9.20 Vent and drain connections shall be provided at high and low points respectively on each header.
Header nozzles installed at high and tow points may serve as vents and drains. Connections serving as vents and
drains shali not extend into the header beyond the inside surface.
7.49.21 Ifthe header thickness will not permit minimum thread engagement of vent and drain plugs, couplings
or built-up bosses shall be fitted,
7.49.22 Bolts between connecting nozzles of stacked tube bundles shall be removable without moving the
bundles.
7.4.40 Maximum allowable moments and forces for nozzles and headers
7.40.1 Each nozzle, in its design corroded condition, shall be capable of withstanding the simultaneous
application of the moments and forces defined in Figure 6 and Table 4.
7.4.10.2 The design of each fixed or floating header, the design of the connections of fixed headers to side
frames, and the design of other support members shall ensure that the simultaneous application (sum) of all nozzle
loadings on a single header will cause no damage. The components of the nozzle loadings on a single header shall
not exceed the following values:
M, 6 100'N-m (4 500 ft- Ibf)
M, —8130.N-m (6.000 f Ibf)
M, — 4070.N-m(3000 R Ibf)
F, 10010 N (2 250 Ibn}
F, — 20020N [4 500 thf]
F, 16680 N [3 750 Ibf]
NOTE The application of the moments and forces shown in Table 4 will cause movement that will tend to reduce the loads
to the values given here.
16 © American Petroleum Institute
@«
1 Fintubes
API Standard 664/ISO 13706:2001
Figure 6 — Nozzle loads
Table 4 — Maximum allowable nozzle loads.
Nozzle size Moments Fore
DN (NPS) Nem (ft tof) N (bf)
M, M, M, F, ry Fr,
40(H%m) | 10°80) | 150(170) | 110(80) | 670(150) | 1020(230) | _670(150)
50(2) | 150(110) | 240(180) | 150(110) | 120,230) | 1330 (900) | 1020(230)
[ 80(3) | 41000) | 610/450) | 410(300) | 2000(450) | 1690(380) | 2000(450)
| ~400(4) | 10 (600) | 1220(900) | 810 (600) | 3340(750) | 2670(600) | 3340(750)
| 1506) | 2 140 (1 580) | 3 050 (2 250)| 1 630 (1 200)| 4000 (900) | 5030(1 130) | 5030(1 130)
{200 (@) [3.050 (2 250) | 6 100 (4 500) | 2 240 (1 650)| 5690 (1 280) | 13340 (3000) | 8010(1 800)
[ 250 (10) | 4 070 (3 000) | 6 100 (4 500) |2 550 (1 680)| 6 670 (1 500) | 13.340 (3.000) | 10010 (2250)
[ “300 (12) [5 080 (3 750) | 6 100 (4 500) |3 050 (2 250)| 8 360 (1 80) | 13.340 (3.000) | 13.340 (3 000)
e [ 350 (14) [6 100 (4 500)| 7 120 (5 250) |3 570 (2 630)| 10.010 (2 250) | 16 680 (8 750) | 16 680 (3 750)
7 API Standard 661/ISO 13706:2001 © American Petroleum Institute
7.4.0.3 The total of all nozzle loads on one multi-bundle bay shall not exceed “times that allowed for a single
header.
7410.4 — See 7.1.6.1.3 for further details.
7AM Tubes
74.11.41 The outside diameter of cylindrical tubes should be at least 25 mm (1 inch).
7.1.44.2 The maximum tube length shall be as specified by the purchaser.
7.4.11.3 The wall thickness for tubes with an outside diameter of 25 mm (1 inch) to 38 mm (1"/z inch) shall not
be less than that specified in Table 5.
Table 5 — Minimum wall thickness of tubes
Tube material Minimum wall
thickness
Carbon steel or ferrtic low-alloy steel | 2,0 mm (0,053 inch)
(max. 9 % chromium)
High-alloy [austenitic, ferritic and 4,6 mm (0,068 inch)
austeniticHerrtic (duplex)] steel
Non-ferrous material 4,6 mm (0,086 inch)
Titanitsm 4,2 mm (0,049 inch)
For embedded fin tubes, this thickness shall be measured from the battom of the groove to the inner wall,
NOTE Greater wail thickness may be required for severe services or certain tube configurations.
7..44.4 Tubes shall be furnished on either a minimum wall basis or an average walt basis, provided the wall
thickness is nowhere less than that specified in 7.1.11.3.
T.A.A4,8 Tubes may be finned of unfinned.
7.1.41.6 For a finned tube, the total unfinned length between tubesheets after assembly shall not exceed
4,5 times the thickness of one tubesheet.
7.A41.7 Any finned tube construction shall be a matter of agreement between the purchaser and the vendor. The
type of construction furnished shall be demonstrated by the vendor to be suitable for the intended service conditions
(taking into account factors such as metal temperature, cycling, loss of cooling, effect of environment and any specified
abnormal operating conditions). The following are descriptions of several types of commonly used finned tube
construction.
a) Embedded — rectangular cross-section aluminium fin wrapped under tension and mechanically embedded in a
groove 0,25 mm_+ 0,05 mm (0,010 inch + 0,002 inch) deep, spirally cut into the outside surface of a tube. Tube
wall thickness is measured from the bottom of the groove to the inside diameter of the tube. The fin end at each
‘end of the tubs shall be secured to prevent loosening or unravelling of the fins; the vendor ehall indicate the
method used.
b) Integral — an aluminium outer tube from which fins have been formed by extrusion, mechanically bonded to an
inner tube or liner.
©) Overtapped footed — L*shaped aluminium fin wrapped under tension over the outside surface of a tube, with
the tube fully covered by the overlapped feet under and between the fins. The fin end at each end of the tube
shall be secured to prevent loosening or unravelling of the fins: the vendor shail indicate the method used.
18
D © American Petroleum Institute API Standard 661/ISO 13706:2001
3 5 9 12 10
4 / \
} x f
i
2
1 rt
\
a] om "1
a) Removable cover-plate header
Bo 4 1 5 9 2 10 12 1
| Ng
/ | | Re
L NS 6
i. ae ot cH |
SA tse —
g Lt 2? © 7
#4 g )
3 rm
\ 3
ya) aby
aT 4 "1 8
b) Removable bonnet header
Key
1 Tutesheet 6 Pass parton 11 Tube support crass-mernber
2 Reinovable cover plate 7 Gasket 412 Tube keeper
3. Reinovable bonnet 8 Nozzle 49. Vent
4 Toy-and bottom plates 9 Sido frame 44 Drain
5 Tube 10 Tube spacer 45. Instrument connection
Figure 3 — Typical construction of tube bundles with removable cover plate and removable bonnet headers.
