CE 401 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
LECTURE 10: ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF A PORTAL
FRAME BUILDING
Yaip K Telue
BEng, BEng(Hons2A), PhD(QUT)
MIE(Aust), MIE(PNG)
Professor and Head Department of Civil Engineering
PNG Unitech
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF A PORTAL FRAME BUILDING
1.1.1 Derivation of Loads, Modelling and Non-Linear Structural Analysis of Portal
Frame
The details of the loadings, the structural modelling and non-linear structural analysis using Microstran for the
building shown in Figure 7-1 located at Unitech are given in the following:
(1) Dead Load for this building;
DL on ROOF
0.42 mm BMT custom orb sheeting = 4.3 kg/m2 x 9.81 x 7 m = 0.30 kN/m
Z15015 Purlins = 3.59 kg/m x 9.81 x 7 m = 0.25 kN/m
Beam 310 UB 46.2 = 46.2 kg/m x 9.81/1 x103 = 0.45 kN/m
Total dead load on rafters (members 3 to 8) = 1.00 kN/m downwards
Dead load 1st Floor Beam
Concrete Deck = 0.2 x 25 kN/m2 x 7 m = 35 kN/m
610 UB 113 Beam = 113 kg/m x 9.81/1 x103 = 1.11 kN/m
st
Total dead load on 1 Floor Beam (members 9 to 12) = 36.11 kN/m down wards
LC1: Dead Load
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF A PORTAL FRAME BUILDING
(2) Live Loads
Roof LL= 0.25 x 7 =1.75kN/m downwards
1st FLOOR BEAM
Building will be used as a Class or Lecture room
LL = 3kPa x 7 m = 21 kN/m downwards
LC2: Live Load
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF A PORTAL FRAME BUILDING
3) Wind Loads
Class II Building.
V = 22m/s. MRP = 25 yrs
Height = 7.875m and Terrain Category 3 Mz = 0.68
Vz = 0.68 x 22 = 15 m/s < Vz = 22mls = Vz = 22m/s
qz = 0.6 x 222 x 10-3 = 0.29 kPa
CROSS WIND
For Walls
From Table B1.1 in PNGS 1001 Part 3.
For h <15m & h/b<5 for building opf rectangular plan and Θ = 0o
Windward wall (area A of Wall). Cp = +0.8
Leeward Wall (Area B of Wall) Cp = -0.5 to -0.2 (varies based on d/b)
Side External walls (Area C of Wall) Cp = -0.6
For h >15m & h/b<5 Θ = 0o see Table B1.2
For Roofs
With reference to Table B2.1 of PNGS 1001 Part 3 and roof pitch <100
Cpe on areas D & E of roof
Θ = 00 or 900 0 to 1h -0.9
1h to 2h -0.5
2h to 3h -0.4
>3h -0.3
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF A PORTAL FRAME BUILDING
For α > 100 see Table B2.2 of PNGS 1001 Part 3 for Θ = 0o & Θ = 90o
Internal Pressures
Refer to Table B4.
Four walls equally permende Cpi = – 0.3 or + 0.0.
LC3: Cross Wind.
LC 4: Longitudinal Wind.
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF A PORTAL FRAME BUILDING
D3 = Column + 0.45 x 1.75 = 0.79 kN
Column 610 UB 125 = 125 x 9.81 x 1.75 = 2.15
4. Earthquake Load
V= CIKWt = Total horizontal Seismic base shear. Beam & Concrete = 36.11 x 10m = 361.10
= 364.04 kN
Lae is in Seismic Zone 2.
C= ? T=? T=0.085H3/4 for steel frame C1.3.4.5of PNGS 1001 Part 4. Total LL on half the floor = 21 kN/m x 10m = 210 kN
70
Basic Seismic Coefficient, C. for H = 7.875 m , T= 0.085 H3/4 for steel structure
T= 0.40 seconds - W3 = 364.04 + 210 = 434 kN
3
From PNGS 1001 Part 4, Figure 3.3 where Lae is in Zone 2, soft ground C = 0.2
E3 = 0.2 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 434 = 86.80 kN Applied at Node 2 & 13 simultaneously
I = 1.0 (Lecture Room, housing < 1000 people)
K=Structural type factor
= 1.0 = Ductile moment resisting frame in this direction C1.3.4.4. Check distribution as per formula in cl.3.4.6.
Wt = ? Seismic base shear (V)
Roof when LL = 0.25 kPa <1.5kPa
- Wt = DL CL.3.4.1 (a) V = 0.2 x 1.0 x 1.0 9.9 5.88 364 70x2 2.15x2
1st Floor LL = 3kPa C1.3.4.1 (b) = 0.2 x (899.06 + 4.3)
< 5kPa = 178.79 kN
-Wt = D + LL/3
F1 = Wihi x V = (9.9x) x 7.875 (178.79)
Area 1.
Wihi
Beam (Rafter) = 0.45kN/m x 10m = 4.5kN = 1.98 kN
Purlins = 0.24 x 5kN/m x 10m = 2.4kN
Sheeting = 0.30 kN/m x 10m = 3.0kN
W=9.9kN F2 (Eaves) = 82.32 (178.79)
(9.9x7.875) + (11.76x7) + 434x2x3.5)
- E, = CIKW, = 0.2 x 1 x 1.0 x 9.9 = 1.98 kN at Node (+Fx)
column = 0.45 kN/m 3.5/2 = 0.79 2.3 kN on each Node 3.202 7 =3198.2 + 4.3x1.95/2
Area (2), Beam (Rafter) = 0.45 x 5 = 2.25
Purlins = 0.24 x 5 =1.2 kN
Sheeting = 0.30 x 5m = 1.5kN F3= 3038 x 178.79 = 169.6
RHS overhang = 0.139 kN/m x 1m = 0.139 kN
W2 = 5.88 kN
E2 = 0.2 x 1 x 1. x5.09 = 1.18 kN – (at Node 4 and 8.) F3 on each node = 84.8 kN
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF A PORTAL FRAME BUILDING
LC 5: Earthquake Load.
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF A PORTAL FRAME BUILDING
Load Combinations
The following are the load combinations
Load case 11 1.4DL + 1.7LL
Load case 12 1.0DL + 1.3LLR + 1.3CW
Load Case 13 0.9DL + 1.3CW
Load Case 14 1.0DL + 1.3LLR + 1.3LW
Load case 15 0.9DL + 1.3LW
Load Case 16 1.0DL + 1.3LLR + E
Load Case 17 0.9DL + E
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF A PORTAL FRAME BUILDING
Frame Analysis
A sample input data from MICROSTRAN is shown below:
Job: CE 401 Assignment #3_Portal Frame Building
Title: CE 401 Portal Frame Building Analysis & Design
By Dr. Yaip K Telue, BEng Hons, PhD(QUT)
Type: Plane frame
Date: 29 May 2007
Time: 4:51 PM
Nodes ............................. 15
Members ........................... 15
Spring supports ................... 0
Sections .......................... 5
Materials ......................... 1
Primary load cases ................ 5
Combination load cases ............ 7
Analysis: Non-linear elastic
Update node coordinates ........... Y
Small displacement theory ......... Y
Include axial force effects ....... Y
Include flexural shortening ....... N
Convergence criterion: Residual
Convergence tolerance ......... 5.000E-04
== L O A D C A S E S ==
Case Type Analysis Title
1 P N Dead Loads
2 P N Live Loads
3 P N Cross Wind
4 P N Longitudinal Wind
5 P N Earthquake Loads
11 C N 1.4DL + 1.7LL
12 C N 1.0DL + 1.3LLR + 1.3CW
13 C N 0.9DL + 1.3CW
14 C N 1.0DL + 1.3LLR + 1.3LW
15 C N 0.9DL + 1.3LW
16 C N 1.0DL + 1.3LLR + E
17 C N 0.9DL + E
Analysis Types:
S - Skipped (not analysed)
L - Linear
N - Non-linear
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF A PORTAL FRAME BUILDING
== N O D E C O O R D I N A T E S ==
Node X Y Z Restraint
m m m
1 1.000 0.000 0.000 111000
2 1.000 3.500 0.000 000000
3 0.000 6.913 0.000 000000
4 1.000 7.000 0.000 000000
5 6.000 7.438 0.000 000000
6 11.000 7.875 0.000 000000
7 16.000 7.438 0.000 000000
8 21.000 7.000 0.000 000000
9 22.000 6.913 0.000 000000
10 6.000 3.500 0.000 000000
11 11.000 3.500 0.000 000000
12 16.000 3.500 0.000 000000
13 21.000 3.500 0.000 000000
14 21.000 0.000 0.000 111000
15 11.000 0.000 0.000 111000
== M E M B E R D E F I N I T I O N ==
Member A B C Prop Matl Rel-A Rel-B Length
m
1 1 2 -X 5 1 000000 000000 3.500
2 2 4 -X 4 1 000000 000000 3.500
3 3 4 Y 1 1 000000 000000 1.004
4 4 5 Y 2 1 000000 000000 5.019
5 5 6 Y 2 1 000000 000000 5.019
6 6 7 Y 2 1 000000 000000 5.019
7 7 8 Y 2 1 000000 000000 5.019
8 8 9 Y 1 1 000000 000000 1.004
9 2 10 Y 3 1 000000 000000 5.000
10 10 11 Y 3 1 000000 000000 5.000
11 11 12 Y 3 1 000000 000000 5.000
12 12 13 Y 3 1 000000 000000 5.000
13 8 13 X 4 1 000000 000000 3.500
14 13 14 X 5 1 000000 000000 3.500
15 11 15 X 5 1 000000 000000 3.500
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF A PORTAL FRAME BUILDING
== L I B R A R Y S E C T I O N S ==
Section Library Name Axis Comment
1 asw 125X75X5.0RHS Y comment
2 asw 310UB46.2 Y comment
3 asw 610UB113 Y comment
4 asw 310UB46.2 Y comment
5 asw 610UB125 Y comment
== S E C T I O N P R O P E R T I E S ==
Section Ax Ay Az J Iy Iz fact
m2 m2 m2 m4 m4 m4
1 1.810E-03 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 3.830E-06 1.650E-06 3.640E-06
2 5.930E-03 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 2.330E-07 9.010E-06 1.000E-04
3 1.450E-02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.140E-06 3.430E-05 8.750E-04
4 5.930E-03 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 2.330E-07 9.010E-06 1.000E-04
5 1.600E-02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.560E-06 3.930E-05 9.860E-04
== M A T E R I A L P R O P E R T I E S ==
Material E u Density Alpha
kN/m2 t/m3 /deg C
1 2.000E+08 0.2500 7.850E+00 1.170E-05
== T A B L E O F Q U A N T I T I E S ==
MATERIAL 1
Section Name Length Mass Comment
m tonne
1 125X75X5.0RHS 2.008 0.029 comment
2 310UB46.2 20.076 0.935 comment
3 610UB113 20.000 2.276 comment
4 310UB46.2 7.000 0.326 comment
5 610UB125 10.500 1.319 comment
---------- ----------
59.584 4.884
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF A PORTAL FRAME BUILDING
Geometry (MICROSTRAN)
== A P P L I E D L O A D I N G ==
CASE 1: Dead Loads
-- Member Loads --
Member Form T A S F1 X1 F2 X2
3 UNIF FY GL -1.000
4 UNIF FY GL -1.000
5 UNIF FY GL -1.000
6 UNIF FY GL -1.000
7 UNIF FY GL -1.000
8 UNIF FY GL -1.000
9 UNIF FY GL -36.110
10 UNIF FY GL -36.110
11 UNIF FY GL -36.110
12 UNIF FY GL -36.110
LC1: Dead Loads
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF A PORTAL FRAME BUILDING
CASE 2: Live Loads
-- Member Loads --
Member Form T A S F1 X1 F2 X2
3 UNIF FY GL -1.750
4 UNIF FY GL -1.750
5 UNIF FY GL -1.750
6 UNIF FY GL -1.750
7 UNIF FY GL -1.750
8 UNIF FY GL -1.750
9 UNIF FY GL -21.000
10 UNIF FY GL -21.000
11 UNIF FY GL -21.000
12 UNIF FY GL -21.000
LC 2: Live Loads
LECTURE 10: CROSS WIND
CASE 3: Cross Wind
-- Member Loads --
Member Form T A S F1 X1 F2 X2
1 UNIF FX GL 1.620
2 UNIF FX GL 1.620
3 UNIF FY LO 1.830
4 UNIF FY LO 1.830
5 TRAP FY LO LE 1.020 2.000 1.020 5.000
5 TRAP FY LO LE 1.830 0.000 1.830 2.000
6 TRAP FY LO LE 0.810 4.000 0.810 5.000
6 TRAP FY LO LE 1.020 0.000 1.020 4.000
7 UNIF FY LO 0.810
8 UNIF FY LO 0.810
13 UNIF FX GL 1.020
14 UNIF FX GL 1.020
LECTURE 10: LONG WIND
CASE 4: Longitudinal Wind
-- Member Loads --
Member Form T A S F1 X1 F2 X2
1 UNIF FX GL -1.218
2 UNIF FX GL -1.218
3 UNIF FY LO 1.830
4 UNIF FY LO 1.830
5 TRAP FY LO LE 1.830 0.000 1.830 2.000
5 TRAP FY LO LE 1.020 2.000 1.020 5.000
6 TRAP FY LO LE 1.020 0.000 1.020 4.000
6 TRAP FY LO LE 0.810 4.000 0.810 5.000
7 UNIF FY LO 0.810
8 UNIF FY LO 0.810
13 UNIF FX GL 1.218
14 UNIF FX GL 1.218
LECTURE 10: EARTHQUAKE LOAD
CASE 5: Earthquake Loads
-- Node Loads --
Node X Force Y Force Z Force X Moment Y Moment Z Moment
kN kN kN kNm kNm kNm
2 86.800 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4 1.180 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
6 2.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
8 1.180 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
13 86.800 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
LECTURE 10: LOAD COMBINATIONS
-- Load Combinations --
CASE 15: 0.9DL + 1.3LW
CASE 11: 1.4DL + 1.7LL
-- Load Combinations --
-- Load Combinations --
Case Factor
Case Factor
1 0.900 Dead Loads
1 1.400 Dead Loads
4 1.300 Longitudinal Wind
2 1.700 Live Loads
CASE 12: 1.0DL + 1.3LLR
+ 1.3CW
CASE 16: 1.0DL + 1.3LLR + E
-- Load Combinations --
-- Load Combinations --
Case Factor
Case Factor
1 1.000 Dead Loads
1 1.000 Dead Loads
2 1.300 Live Loads
2 1.300 Live Loads
3 1.300 Cross Wind
5 1.000 Earthquake Loads
CASE 13: 0.9DL + 1.3CW
CASE 17: 0.9DL + E
-- Load Combinations --
-- Load Combinations --
Case Factor
1 0.900 Dead Loads Case Factor
3 1.300 Cross Wind 1 0.900 Dead Loads
5 1.000 Earthquake Loads
LECTURE 10: BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAMS-(BM ENVELOPE)
LECTURE 10: AXIAL FORCE DIAGRAM
LECTURE 10: SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
