REGINA A.

RAZO
BSA-1
STS COMPILATION

MODULE 1

ACTIVITY 1
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. What is the contribution of Copernicus in the Philosophy of Science?
Nicolaus Copernicus was an astronomer who proposed a model of the universe in which
everything moved around a single center at unvarying ratesor that’s called heliocentric system.
That models shows that the planets orbit around the Sun. Then the Earth is a planet which,
besides orbiting the Sun annually. The position of the planets are in logical positioned.
2. Do you think thought experiment is still useful in science in the present time?
Yes, of course. Humans in the present times still doing experimentations. Thought
experiments can be useful in suggesting new hypotheses and in identifying laws in established
theories. Thought experiments become harmful when they are used as intuition pumps to provide
evidence for the acceptance of hypotheses. Just like the problem in the vaccinations,many people
tried to point out many thought experiment in order to produce a safe vaccines. So that everyone
is free to experiment their own and hopefully it can help us in todays time.
3. Do you think church should intervene in scientific activities?
They shouldn't. With this in mind, what if someone’s experiment will help in the future? They
should not interfere. This is a matter of accepting theory and experimentation. If this is not bad,
and the experiment does not violate the church, then there is no need. Science is science, and it is
not good for them, because this is not their field.

ACTIVITY 2
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. What is Darwin’s contribution to the modern Science?
Theory of Evolution by natural selection. Darwin observed and collected specimens from all
over the world, and compared their similarities and differences.
2. How can Darwin’s evolutionary theory influence the following fields in modern times:
a. Economy
The influence of the understanding of evolution has not only led to the economic giants of
agriculture, but also the giants of the medical world. Both of these are significant impacts on the
local and global economy. Trade transactions are carried out around the protection of medical
intellectual property rights and agricultural products.
b. Agriculture
Since ancient times, agriculture has been affected by evolution. The reason why we choose
wheat instead of grass, or why your dessert banana is not green, small, bitter and full of seeds, or
why you should use broccoli and cauliflower instead of wild mustard, is our choice. After
understanding the mechanisms involved in evolution, gene mapping and gene editing,
agricultural scientists can now create entirely new crops, such as golden rice or wheat crops that
can survive in salt marshes.
c. Political Science
Capitalism and racism. They believe that the government should not interfere with the “survival
of the fittest” by helping the poor and advocate the idea that certain races are biologically
superior to others.

ACTIVITY 3
MODULE 2

ACTIVITY 1
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. What are the significant contributions of the Spaniards and Americans to the
development of Science and Technology in the Philippines?
In the Spanish era, the Philippines was already civilized, and one of its purposes was to provide
strict Spanish education standards for the Spanish. The Spanish introduced formal education and
established scientific institutions. In the early days of Philippine rule of Spain. A parish school
was established to teach religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and music. The locals were taught
hygiene conditions and more advanced agricultural methods.
Philippine medical research was given priority in the Spanish era, especially in later years. The
Spaniards also contributed to the field of island engineering by building government buildings,
churches, roads, bridges and fortresses. Biology becomes the focus.
Because the Americans, the early Filipinos also adopted this kind of science, they adopted a new
scientific technology, the reason why Americans are Filipinos. Today, new technologies are used
in the early days of Spain, and Filipinos have already understood the scientific methods of matter
and space before the development of automatic technology. This is the early technology that was
brought to the Philippines.

2. What can you say about the state of Science and Technology during the Spanish and
American period?
Compared with the American period, science and technology are more modern and prioritized
than the Spanish period, because it mainly focuses on tropical diseases, agriculture, food
processing, forestry, medicine and pharmacy. However, due to the free trade agreement reached
between the United States and the Philippines, industrial technology has not attracted much
attention.
3. How does school science help Science and Technology in the country?
Science has developed systematic knowledge that expresses the innate potential of individuals
through observation, experimentation and/or searching for informational information. Every
student is officially called a hardworking person who studies in school to learn and explore
different knowledge. Through science, it shapes students to expand or deepen their knowledge of
national development. It has made a lot of progress in the process of continuous development
and technological improvements that rely on national needs. In addition, technology can also
bring good benefits to others. Therefore, in the current pandemic, science and technology have
provided great help to our country through the observation, analysis, investigation and research
of the so-called vaccine. Nowadays, under normal circumstances, in the new learning system,
students are also required to use small tools summarized in the technical process. In summary,
learning science and technology can shape our country's process of improvement and
development in different ways. The process of the system.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. Identify several Filipino scientists. Contribution and Carrer in Science.
1. Ramon Cabanos Barba
A well-known Filipino scientist, especially the contribution of individuals engaged in
agricultural activities in the Philippines, to promote the development of the mango
industry.
• Since High school he already into science then until college he took up Agriculture
course in UP Los Baños. And he was inspired by his grandfather Juan Cabanas who's the
"Father of Horticulture in the Philippines".
2. Josefino Cacas Comiso
Known in his works on observing the characteristics of Antartica by using satellite
images. The climate change, global sea ice and satellite remote sensing.
• In his childhood, he was interested in mathematics and science, and in his college days,
he took physics courses. Then he studied physics and other different things at the
Philippine Atomic Research Center, which was later recognized by his outstanding work.
3. Jose Bejar Cruz Jr.
Known for his outstanding contributions in the field of research, teaching and service of
automatic control.
•He graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering, and then
spent his life abroad. Because he entered the field of engineering and science, he was
admired by science and engineering, and later he studied different scientific and
technological progress and innovations.
4. Lourdes Jansuy Cruz
Recognized for her contribution to the biochemistry of conotoxin. She used the venom of
the Conus sea snail to study biologically active peptides to promote the development of
contoxins, which are used as biochemical probes for examining brain activity.
•She is engaged in chemistry, and trypsin is involved in digestion. He is also engaged in
biochemical research, which is why she studies Conus geographus as a poisonous game
fish species. At the time, it was famous for its stab wounds, which could cause illness or
even death of fishermen.
5. Fabian Millar Dayrit
Known in his research on Herbal medicine;natural products chemistry and environmental
chemistry.
•He graduated from Ateneo, chemistry course. He was abroad and then returned to the
Philippines. He wanted to continue his research in organometallic chemistry. However, a
lot of equipment and resources are needed to conduct good research in this field. At the
time, the Philippines still lacked them. His father invited him to join a group of scientists
who study medicinal plants, and he found it very interesting.
6. Rafael Dineros Guerrero III
Recognized for his pioneering work in tilapia sex reversal technology, which has made a
significant contribution to world of Aquaculture.
• He was an Student Assistant in UP Department of Zoology for 75 pesos payment a
month then he graduated Bachelor of Science in Zoology. Year 1969 he took Masteral of
Science Degree in Applied Zoology,in UP Los Baños. He continued his journey,then
USAID scholarship (United States Agency for International Development) he studied
about tilapia.
7. Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr.
His major contributions in the field of pediatrics, especially neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,
neonatal drug addiction, and his pioneering work in detecting fetal exposure to drugs,
tobacco smoke, alcohol and environmental toxic substances through meconium analysis
•His parents are teacher/professor in UP he was lucky enough finishing his studies. His
parents want to abide with them but he refuse because he's preferred in studying humans
most especially the kids. So he took up Medicine.
8. Lilian Formalejo Patena
For doing research on plant biotechnology. Filipino scientists discovered a kind of
calamansi and seedless grapefruit, and discovered the micropropagation technology, thus
establishing the banana industry in the Philippines. She is also the inventor of cassava
leaf cut flowers.
• Their family have farm, her mother loves orchids so their garden are full of flowers.
And then she took up course, a combination of Chemistry and Engineering.
9. Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz
For being an outstanding educator and graph theorist.
 •Ruiz grew up in Manila and was educated at the Holy Spirit College in Manila. Ruiz
completed his PhD in Ateneo in 1981. At Ateneo, she has served as dean of mathematics,
dean of management engineering, dean of arts and sciences, and trustee. She retired in
2009 and became an honorary professor.

ACTIVITY 2
1. Identify several issues in the Philippines. What science-and technology-related policies
could be developed and implemented to solve these issues?
Some of the problems we face are: population growth (100 million and still counting), lack of
safe drinking water in rural areas, lack of sanitation facilities in remote communities, lack of
hospital areas in rural areas, lack of roads to farmers’ markets, scarcity of agricultural
production, and large The growth of informal settlers in cities, traffic congestion, continuous
storms and natural disasters, inefficient public transportation systems, air and water pollution
destruction of forests because of illegal timber production, smuggling of forest products and
rare animal species and a lot more issues. But the greatest issue plaguing our nation is the
incompetence and corruption of government officials.
• United Nations (UN), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and other international agencies.
• NCRP policies and DOST Program can also help.
2. What can you say about the implementation of some science and technology policies and
projects in the country?
The current government is embarking on many scientific and technological projects, and I am
very happy to see it, because all of these are for our dear Filipinos to bring a comfortable and
convenient experience.
3. What are the laws related to science and technology in the Philippines from the year
2000?
LAW ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (No. 21/2000/QH10 of June 9, 2000)
4. How are these laws implemented?
Pursuant to the 1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; This Law provides for
scientific and technological organizations as well as activities,
MODULE 3
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. What other government projects and programs are available for science education in the
Philippines?
• ASEAN REGION. NCRP policies;
1. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies and Governance.
2. Physic, Engineering, and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Sciences and Mathematics
3. Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry
• DOST Programs;
1. Providing funds for basic research and patents related to science and technology from
Overseas Development Aid (ODA) from different countries.
2. Providing scholarships for undergraduate and graduate studies of students in the field of
science and technology. Mostly in Engineering.
3. Establishing more branches of the Philippine Science High School System for training young
Filipinos in the field of Science and Technology.
4. Creating and developing science and technology parks to encourage other academy and
industry partnerships.
5. Balik Scientist Program to encourage Filipino Scientist abroad to come home and work in the
Philippines and collaboration.
6. The establishment of the National Science Complex and National Engineering Complex within
the University of the Philippine campus in Diliman. To manpower resources needed by the
country. They also aimed to produce more researches in fields of engineering and technology.
•The Philippine-American Academy of Science and Engineering (PAASE,);
1. Establishment of National centers for excellence.
2. Manpower and institutional development programs, such as the Engineering and Science
Education Program (ESEP) to produce more PhD graduates in Science and Engineering.
3. Establishment of regional centers to support specific industries; research and development
areas.
4. Establishment of science and technology business centers to assist, advise, and incubate
technopreneurship ventures.
5. Strengthen science education at an early stage through the Philippine Science High School
system.
• K to 12 education program included Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
(STEM)

2. Are there private schools with outstanding science education programs? Identify and
compare their science education programs with public science schools.
Yes. Like for example the St. Scholastica's College and Southern Luzon State University
Some schools have different education methods or different teaching methods. But compared
with public schools, private schools have more complete facilities, such as laboratories, and more
facilities.
ACTIVITY 1
1. Discuss science-related issues and problems in the Philippines.
These include: increasing competition brought about by globalization and regional integration;
natural disasters, environmental degradation and climate change; persistent poverty and
increasing inequality.
2. Identify science and technology policies that could or implemented in the Philippines.
 REPUBLIC ACT No. 2067, REPUBLIC ACT No. 10844 and REPUBLIC ACT No.
10055. This policies has been implemnted.