Reinforced Concrete Design Module 5

Subject: CE 74B- Reinforced Concrete Design

1. Title of the Module

Axially Loaded Short Columns
2. Introduction
COLUMNS
Columns are vertical compression members in structures, the effective length of
which exceeds three times its lateral dimension. Which are provided to bear the load of
Beam, Slab, etc. since columns support beams and slabs, so the failure of colum results in
the collapse of the structure.

Classification of Columns
According to the type of lateral reinforcement provided
1. Tied Columns in which separate od individual ties are provided surrounding the
longitudinal reinforcement.
2. Spirally reinforced columns in which helical bars are provided surrounding the
longitudinal reinforcement.
WSD (Working Stress Design Method)

Working Stress Design method is define as the method of designing structural

members by considering the allowable Strength of steel and concrete.

3. Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course, the students should be able to:

a. design and investigate short tied and spiral columns

b. be familiar with specifications being used in the design of short columns using WSD
ACI318M- 63 and be able to apply them correctly with speed and accuracy.

4. Learning Content
It contains readings, discussions, questions and sets of activities that students can
work on individually or by group.
Topic A. Tied Columns Topic B. Spiral Columns
AXIALLY LOADED COLUMNS

A. Tied Column;
1963 ACI code
P=0.85 A g (0.25 f c' + fs P g)
P=P c + P s
P=f c A g + f s A s
fc=0.25 fc'
As
Pg =
Ag

A s=( P g )( A g )
FIGURE A
p= A g ( 0.25 f c' + f s P g )

p=0.25 f c ' A g+ f s P g A g

But tied column is assumed to be 85% efficient:

𝑝 = 0.85 A g(0.25𝑓𝑐′ + f s P g)

ACI SPECIFICATIONS

1. Minimum cross sectional area of column A g = 60,000 𝑚𝑚2.

2. Minimum thickness of column (t= 200mm).
3. Minimum covering of tie bars,
(a.) Not less than 40mm.
(b.) Not less than 1.5 times the max. size of coarse aggregate.
4. Minimum diameter of lateral ties = 10mm𝜙
5. Spacing of lateral ties:
(a.) Not more than 16 bar diameter
(b.) Not more than 48 tie diameter
(c.) Not more than the least dimension of column.
6. Clear distance between longitudinal bars must not be less than that 1.5 times the
bar diameter nor less than 1.5 times the max. size of coarse aggregate.
 7. Minimum number of bars 4−16 mm ϕ .
8. 𝑃𝑔 ranges from0.01 ¿ 0.04 .

B. Spiral column;

1963 ACI code

P = Ag (0.25 fc ′ + fs Pg)
ACI Specifications :
1. Minimum diameter=250 mm .
2. Minimum diameter of spiral=10 mm . Ø
3. Spacing of spirals :
(a) Not more than 75 mm .
( b ) Not less than 35 mm .

( c ) Not less than 1.5×the max .¿ course Aggregate .

(d )One sixth of core diameter .

4. Minimum number of bars =6 – 16 mm Ø

5. Clear distance between longitudinal bars :

(a) Not less than 1.5×diameter

¯
(b) Not less than 1.5×max . ¿ coarse aggregate .
6. Pg ranges ¿ 0.01¿ 0.08

Volume ofspiral
ps=
Volumeof concrete core
Ag f c'
ρs=0.45 ( Ac )
−1 ( )
fs'
Dc=D−3(¿.), D−8( cm.) , D−80(mm .)
Dc=diameter of concrete core
D=diameter of spiral column
Ac =area of concrete core
A g= Area of concrete column
 f s '=276.5 MPa for hot rolled bars of intermediate grade
f s '=345.6 MPa for bars of hard grade
f s '=414.7 MPa for cold−drawn wire

Problem 01 (PRELIM EXAM RC2 -2nd Semester A.Y. 2020-2021)

A short tied column is to carry an axial load of 2200 kN, fc’ = 20 MPa, fs = 138 MPa, n = 9.
Use 10 mm lateral ties.

a. If you are to design the square column above using ρg = 0.04 which is the maximum
allowed in WSD and rounding up the dimension to the nearest 10 mm then use 20
mm Ø bars, is it safe to round up the number of pieces of bars? Why?
b. What do you think is the biggest difference in your design output compared to that
in (a) if you will use ρg = 0.01 which is the minimum reinforcement ratio allowed in
WSD. Answer this with supplementary solution.

Given:

P = 2200 kN fc’ = 20 MPa fs = 138 MPa

10 mm lateral ties n=9

Solution:

a. Design of the square column using ρg = 0.04

P=0.85 A g (0.25 f c' + fs P g) use ρg = 0.04

1000 N
2200 kN ( ) = (0.85) ( A g ¿ ((0.25)(20 MPa) + (138 MPa) (0.04))
1 kN
N
2,200,000 N = A g (8.942 )
mm2
A g=246 , 029.9709 mm2

where:

A g=b ( b ) b = 496.0140834 mm; rounding up to 10 mm say b = 500 mm

Use the dimension, 500 mm by 500 mm

A s=( ρ)( A g ) = (0.04)(500 mm) (500 mm) = 10, 000 mm2

As
2
N20 = A ¯¿= 10 , 000mm ¿ = 31.83098862 pcs.; round up say N20 = 32 pcs.
π
¿¿¿
4

Check if it is safe:

As π
ρ g= = ¿ ¿ ¿ = 0.04021238597
Ag 4
ρ g=0.04021 > ρg = 0.04 NOT SAFE
By rounding the dimension up to the nearest 10 mm results to a higher number of
steel bars, while also rounding up the number of pieces of the bars. It resulted to ρ g
be equal to 0.04021; wherein the maximum reinforcement ratio allowed in WSD is
ρ g=0.04 . Therefore, it is not safe.

b. Big difference using ρ g=¿0.01

P=0.85 A g (0.25 f c' + fs P g) use ρg = 0.01

1000 N
2200 kN ( ) = (0.85) ( A g ¿ ((0.25)(20 MPa) + (138 MPa) (0.01))
1 kN
N
2,200,000 N = A g (5.423 )
mm2
A g=405 ,679.5132 mm2

where:

A g=b ( b ) b = 636.9297553 mm; rounding up to 10 mm say b = 640 mm

Use the dimension, 640 mm by 640 mm

A s=( ρ)( A g ) = (0.01)(640 mm) (640 mm) = 4, 096 mm2

 As
2
N20 = A ¯¿= 4 ,096 mm ¿ = 13.03797294 pcs.; round up say N20 = 14 pcs.
π
¿¿¿
4

Check if it is safe:

As π
ρ g= = ¿ ¿ ¿ = 0.01073786552
Ag 4
ρ g=0.01074 > ρg = 0.01 NOT SAFE

Problem 02 :

A reinforced concrete tied column carries an axial dead load of 600 KN and an axial
live lod of 700 KN, f’c= 28 Mpa, fs= 138 Mpa

a) Compute the smallest dimension of the tied column if the steel ratio is 2percent.
b) Compute the number of 20 mm diameter bars.
c) Compute the spacing of 10mm diameter tie wars.

Solutions:
a) Compute the smallest dimension of the tied column if the steel ratio is 2percent.
'
P=0.85 A g (0.25 f c + fs P g)

P=1.2 DL+1.6≪¿

P=1.2(600)+1.6 (700)

P=1840 KN

1840(1000)=0.85 (Ag)¿

Ag=221793.6355 mm2

t 2=221793.6355 mm2

t=470.94972mm
 say 470 mm > Minimum thickness of column NSTP 2015=250 mm . OK

USE 4 70 mm x 4 70 mm

d) Compute the number of 20 mm diameter bars.

As= p A g

2
As=0.02 ( 270 )

As=1458 m m2

As 1458
N 20= =
π 2 π
(∅ ) ( 20 )2
4 4

N 20=4.641 say 5 pcs

a) Compute the spacing of 10mm diameter tie wars.

16 ( db )=16 ( 20 )=320 mm
48 ( db )=48 (10 )=480 mm
Spacing 470 mm
Use 320 mm o.c