A SWITCHED-CAPACITOR BIDIRECTIONAL DC-DC
CONVERTER WITH WIDE VOLTAGE GAIN RANGE
FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES WITH HYBRID ENERGY
SOURCES
INTRODUCTION:
To address the challenges of fossil fuels as the primary
energy source for transport (including reducing stockpiles and
polluting emissions) , electric vehicles (EVs) powered by battery
systems with low or zero polluting emissions, are increasing in
popularity. Although the developed advancement of batteries
can provide higher population performance for EVs, the
unlimited charging or discharging current (i.e. inrush current)
from batteries will result in shorter battery cycle life, as well as
reducing the efficiency . The combination of a battery and
super-capacitors as a hybrid energy source system (HESS) for
electric vehicles is considered as a good way to improve overall
vehicle efficiency and battery life. Super-capacitors have
advantages of high power density, high cycle life, and very good
charge/discharge efficiency. They can also provide a large
transient power virtually instantaneously and are therefore
suitable for meeting sudden EV power changes such as
acceleration or meeting an incline. The HESS can make full use
of the performance of batteries and super-capacitors: the super-
capacitors supply power for acceleration and regenerative
braking with the battery meeting the requirement of high energy
storage density for long range operation.
EXISTING SYSTEM:
There are two broad classifications for bidirectional DC-
DC converters, namely isolated converters and non-isolated
converters. Isolated converters, such as half-bridge and full-
bridge topologies are implemented using a transformer . In
addition, the half-bridge converter in needs a center-tapped
transformer which results in a complex structure, and the full-
bridge converters require a higher number of semiconductor
devices. High-frequency transformers and coupled inductors can
be used in isolated converters to obtain high step-up and step-
down ratios. However, the realization of bidirectional power
flow requires ten power semiconductors and two inductors.
DRAWBACKS:
The structure of these converters is complex, the cost is
high, and it is difficult to standardize the design.
When the turns ratio of the high frequency transformer
increases, the number of winding turns increase
correspondingly and the leakage inductance of the
transformer may result in high voltage spikes across the
main semiconductors during switching transitions.
When the input and output voltages do not match the turns
ratio of the transformer, the power switch losses will
increase dramatically , which reduces the efficiency of the
converter.
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
Fig. shows the proposed switched-capacitor
bidirectional DC-DC converter which is composed of four
power semiconductors Q1-Q4, four capacitors and one
inductor L. Clow, and Chigh are the energy storage/filter
capacitors of the low-voltage and high-voltage sides, and C1,
C2 are the switched capacitors. L is an energy storage/filter
inductor. In addition, power semiconductors Q2-Q4, and C1,
C2, Chigh form the switched-capacitor network, including
switched-capacitor units C1-Q2, C2-Q3 and Chigh-Q4. ilow,
ihigh are the currents through the low-voltage and high-
voltage sides, Ulow, UC1, UC2, Uhigh are the voltages
across Clow, C1, C2 and Chigh, respectively.
ADVANTAGES:
The main contribution of the proposed converter lies in the
integrated advantage of having a wide voltage-gain range,
in the case of requiring less number of components with the
reduced voltage stress.
In addition, the synchronous rectifiers allow ZVS turn-on
and turn-off without requiring any extra hardware. The
efficiency of the power conversion is therefore improved,
as well as the utilization of the power switches.
Although the proposed converter has a high voltage gain, it
is built without the magnetic coupling, and it can simplify
the converter design due to eliminating the need for
coupled-inductor
APPLICATIONS:
Electric vehicle
Hybrid energy stogare system
