Irwin Jeremy A.
Isip
2014-46560
Lab 10
IIR FILTERS
1.) Analog Filter Design ............................................................................................................................. 1
a.) Butterworth Filter Design .................................................................................................................... 1
b.) Chebyshev Type 1 ................................................................................................................................ 2
c.) Chebyshev Type 2 ................................................................................................................................ 3
d.) Comparison .......................................................................................................................................... 4
2.) Analog Filter Transformation ............................................................................................................... 4
a.) Lowpass to Highpass ............................................................................................................................ 5
b.) Lowpass to Bandpass ........................................................................................................................... 6
c.) Lowpass to Bandstop ........................................................................................................................... 7
3.) Analog to Digital Filter Transformation ............................................................................................... 8
a.) Impulse-Invariance Technique ............................................................................................................. 8
b.) Bilinear Transformation ....................................................................................................................... 9
c.) Digital filter design version of cheby1 ................................................................................................ 10
4. Digital IIR Filter Design ........................................................................................................................ 11
Wp < Ws, Lowpass. ................................................................................................................................. 11
a.) ............................................................................................................................................................ 11
Butterworth ............................................................................................................................................ 11
Chebyshev Type 1 ................................................................................................................................... 11
Chebyshev Type 2 ................................................................................................................................... 11
Elliptic ...................................................................................................................................................... 12
b.) Implementation ................................................................................................................................. 12
1.) Analog Filter Design
a.) Butterworth Filter Design
R_p = 20*log(0.99);
R_s = 20*log(0.01);
w_p = 1500*2*pi;
w_s = 2000*2*pi;
N_1a = 23;
w_c = 1633.939331*2*pi;
[z_1a,p_1a,k_1a] = butter(N_1a,w_c,'s');
[b_1a,a_1a] = zp2tf(z_1a,p_1a,k_1a);
[h_1a,w_1a] = freqs(b_1a,a_1a);
plot(w_1a,20*log10(abs(h_1a)))
hold on
b.) Chebyshev Type 1
N_1b = 10;
[z_1b,p_1b,k_1b] = cheby1(N_1b,-1*R_p,w_p,'s');
[b_1b,a_1b] = zp2tf(z_1b,p_1b,k_1b);
[h_1b,w_1b] = freqs(b_1b,a_1b);
plot(w_1b,20*log10(abs(h_1b)))
hold on
c.) Chebyshev Type 2
N_1c = 10;
[z_1c,p_1c,k_1c] = cheby2(N_1c,-1*R_s,w_s,'s');
[b_1c,a_1c] = zp2tf(z_1c,p_1c,k_1c);
[h_1c,w_1c] = freqs(b_1c,a_1c);
plot(w_1c,20*log10(abs(h_1c)))
title('Analog Filter Design Magnitude Response')
xlabel('Not Normalized Frequency, w, rad/s')
ylabel('H(w), dB')
legend('Butterworth','Chebyshev Type 1','Chebyshev Type 2')
hold off
d.) Comparison
% 1. Order
% Butterworth filter has greatest filter order. The two types of Chebyshev filter has the same
order.
% 2. Width of transition region
% Chebyshev type 1 and Chebyshev type 2 filters has shorter transition
% regions than in butterworth.
% 3. Passband Ripple
% The butterworth filter has maximally flat passband hence minimal ripples. The Chebyshev type 2
has small-width passband hence ripple is also minimal. The Chebyshev type 1 has observable ripple
when zoomed in.
% 4. Stopband Ripple
% The butterworth and chebyshev type 1 filter has no noticeable ripples in the stopband. The
Chebyshev type 2 has noticeable ripples in the stopband.
2.) Analog Filter Transformation
[z_2,p_2,k_2] = cheb1ap(20,0.0873);
[num_2,den_2] = zp2tf(z_2,p_2,k_2);
[h_2,w_2] = freqs(num_2,den_2);
plot(w_2,20*log10(abs(h_2)))
xlabel('Not Normalized Frequency (rad/s)')
ylabel('dB')
title('Cheb1ap')
a.) Lowpass to Highpass
[num_2a,den_2a] = lp2hp(num_2,den_2,500*2*pi);
[h_2a,w_2a] = freqs(num_2a,den_2a);
plot(w_2a,20*log10(abs(h_2a)))
title('Lowpass to Highpass')
xlabel('Not Normalized Frequency (rad/s)')
ylabel('dB')
b.) Lowpass to Bandpass
w1 = 1000*2*pi;
w2 = 2000*2*pi;
BW = w2 - w1;
w0 = sqrt(w1*w2);
[num_2b,den_2b] = lp2bp(num_2,den_2,w0,BW);
[h_2b,w_2b] = freqs(num_2b,den_2b);
plot(w_2b,20*log10(abs(h_2b)))
title('Lowpass to Bandpass')
xlabel('Not Normalized Frequency (rad/s)')
ylabel('dB')
c.) Lowpass to Bandstop
[num_2c, den_2c] = lp2bs(num_2,den_2,w0,BW);
[h_2c,w_2c] = freqs(num_2c,den_2c);
plot(w_2c,20*log10(abs(h_2c)))
title('Lowpass to bandstop')
xlabel('Not Normalized Frequency (rad/s)')
ylabel('dB')
3.) Analog to Digital Filter Transformation
a.) Impulse-Invariance Technique
fs = 8000;
[b_3a0,a_3a0] = cheby1(N_1b,-1*R_p,w_p,'s');
%[h_3a0,w_3a0] = freqs(b_3a0,a_3a0);
[b_3a,a_3a] = impinvar(b_3a0,a_3a0,8000);
freqz(b_3a,a_3a,200);
title('Impulse-Invariance Technique')
%plot(w_3a,20*log10(abs(h_3a)))
%title('Impulse-Invariance Technique')
b.) Bilinear Transformation
[b_3b,a_3b] = bilinear(b_3a0,a_3a0,fs);
freqz(b_3b,a_3b)
title('Bilinear Transformation')
c.) Digital filter design version of cheby1
lpfilt = designfilt('lowpassiir', 'PassbandFrequency', 0.1875, 'StopbandFrequency', 0.25,
'PassbandRipple', -1*R_p, 'StopbandAttenuation', -1*R_s);
freqz(lpfilt)
%
% The bilinear and designfilt outputs are similar while the impulse invariance
% output is different.
%
% The designfilt function outputs a similar magnitude and phase response
% with the bilinear transformation. Hence, the bilinear transformation is
% the default.
%
4. Digital IIR Filter Design
Wp < Ws, Lowpass.
a.)
Butterworth
Wp_4 = 8000/40000;
Ws_4 = 16000/40000;
Rp_4 = 0.2;
Rs_4 = 60;
[N_b,Wn_b] = buttord(Wp_4,Ws_4,Rp_4,Rs_4);
disp(N_b)
11
Chebyshev Type 1
[N_c1, Wn_c1] = cheb1ord(Wp_4,Ws_4,Rp_4,Rs_4);
disp('N= ')
disp(N_c1)
N=
7
Chebyshev Type 2
[N_c2, Wn_c2] = cheb2ord(Wp_4,Ws_4,Rp_4,Rs_4);
disp('N= ')
disp(N_c2)
N=
7
Elliptic
[N_e, Wn_e] = ellipord(Wp_4,Ws_4,Rp_4,Rs_4);
disp('N= ')
disp(N_e)
% The butterworth has the greatest magnitude followed by the chebyshev type 1 and 2 and then the
elliptic.
%
%
%
%
N=
5
b.) Implementation
[z_4b1,p_4b1,k_4b1] = butter(N_b,Wn_b);
sos1 = zp2sos(z_4b1,p_4b1,k_4b1);
fvtool(sos1)
title('Butterworth')
[z_4b2,p_4b2,k_4b2] = cheby1(N_c1,Rp_4,Wp_4);
sos2 = zp2sos(z_4b2,p_4b2,k_4b2);
fvtool(sos2)
title('Chebyshev 1')
[z_4b3,p_4b3,k_4b3] = cheby2(N_c2,Rs_4,Ws_4);
sos3 = zp2sos(z_4b3,p_4b3,k_4b3);
fvtool(sos3)
title('Chebyshev 2')
[z_4b4,p_4b4,k_4b4] = ellip(N_e,Rp_4,Rs_4,Wp_4);
sos4 = zp2sos(z_4b4,p_4b4,k_4b4);
fvtool(sos4)
title('Elliptic')
% The elliptic and chebyshev type 2 approximation's frequency responses meet the specifications.
%
% The butterworth and chebyshev type 1 approximation's frequency responses deviate a little from
the specifications.
%
%
Published with MATLAB® R2020b
