Aa, See = | A YOWeR - | | Miebigduddn to data _stouckour : abstract cata jtypes, Linea Lit-singly Unrked Lit finplemeitation Grsorion, deletion anc stasichtng opryalitns On | Uneass uit, staeks — epee ,os6uy and Vfnked | |Seeprctendia ion eb stacks, Slack appitakions, Que | ‘gpestabions , COO ard Vinked Suepsueteiations: | ‘ YN Ipidlonasuies’ Hines Lah supraentabion, skip Lat sepeasertahion jpetodiibru- frycedi9n, deletion andl | reostehing. et \ NI To Btn ‘Gash Taweh: Bary Noach truss, defirtion, | fmplomasadion, ppaghioas —deasichiny, frucdtion ond duletion , AVL Tous, definition, height 4 an AVL Itocuc epotalioas ~ rursdion,cleletion and Susichfng , Sud- block, splay Tous | | | A | Gsope + Graph Fenplerwantalion wurthods ,peaph drawal sruthods ing + aap s8uh, evfornal nitling — model 46 bine ‘Sconmed with CamSeanneree ssting » Mmesigt AdUt | xf Nir: oNIT- “Vi- Pati ealdhing and “Tries + palléen “rat abgatthrs- raute fée fhe Boyor-madie algétthm, the Kruthmdts pod algstithon, andasid Toda, Compsictsedl “touks Gifts Chics - own 1 k. # ella | Vath table whentabion — hash fundions, tallaien— | >) Hoh a sat shasiing , cat nos | poo , Quodewatne robin, loule | oychailin , Uflendibte hathingiw NET | Speed aera padladsd | Sypaise. the dala and stBte he | hes}, 30 thal ft Gan be und | shay es Sapp | | pak ekornets ode t8teck fn makin te ben slovuthus ade rou | proyeasarng languages Wee ¢,.c+t, JAVA, tat: ic la uns doyeloped Denna titsie rhe your 1AH2- ot edd JabbbSuies Types eh clarta stousclSeog , - | | | do Saute cos broly dail Wo ¥P | bata Staudistes - | fo 1s bol - Sk " , Ste | | ree Ep difine) Cefn) | Lane pete (ie FRR i statty - che ee PQUtaes 20h vo r Stacks neaphs Und lish | ‘ “ Sr aa totes ‘Seem sed with CamScannerSn rust dotamoudios the LE e} clomeals ote ” abanged th rua See (rorequeriliol SUH) Sue Natays, Stacks, Queue, Wnked. Lt. Snobs oka Howelasies + a tones we mentagay abs. Ulouclosw the Uk Chl mee ate asangeo hy nentinag aude] byverih Bday. i 6yt—Tata, Graphs. Bras” fats Stoveln- ARRAS Ofrstay * “An osay a dotastouduote ukith 2 | iron’ dae taudbe e dal slenentsl => An 94 2yq Senin 9{ cleme oS 7 =" 2 a colletliin Of, arthios elemenls (hemogensus one amah (on be RANduaLly acciveed ¥Y wing Sridex Gyn A3004 &b fnbeger (Anta B), ! Ant aig] ~ £273 4 54. wala = TST] 0a TS SATETDT Ta] mos bg : 3} As) ay ales] | i" Gn have mBt on 8 fa hows Bae, a fae dino |. ew dimes onal * rudtdbeaniougl | 2 Tao dimnvionalPrato *elemeils clermends ase “ptied Ove anéhes Cir) th he monBy- ou athe | Fat omer ih axsoy Sloss ‘uftho'as thdex +s ehSle dumnsils ph Sane dota laps. tt % ud S mrefrlgani sole vastoble names oh wingle fe Fak oll, ella, rells, v0", ell —z nt wll 5]: “ae eons onrcuscd 48 a aStling eleowhls can. pedstm malatix sen Codd, Sub, matty) 2 S — aaa linea dota Seacise that follows ont | Stock iS @ Fp Ygut oul (HFS) & sot tn lasC out (FILO) eLiFo wuans thal alemtt frretted last wil be epsgaions of Stack 1 pwh Q- pop. - , ‘ 7 tah atin Wale aliments fatp he tack —y pop epson Stemews 27 demant {rem “tre , Stack. pm aepui and pop oration vil be a te ho. wock- * ne ee re xseple push operation one condition | be, Ato 25 full & nat Hy 3 nat possible)“Bdge po bien oe ryt check, One st Oe tack is eonplt & nol i mips aa 2 Tp 2 . z 1 a Sy: Inyedion A 1/2/3,4 Delebibn tf 43 3h an aemedl © ouempued from the stick thy the top potrcked 2) Aetsreared - 374 an dlemeat 2 Srycid Tito thy tlack the, ae | bop poner 2 tnowad | “Th gh souk 2 ful then push opeldbén nol portble. : > A th phack s empl then pop opcvabien B nat potable - Mack opplicelionp- @ Expuession ewalualiin © weno vranagen at : © Reossion (back teatking) — jaaBtal taltn|ain ® evpuxion Cemiens? 60 : 1) Ins bo poi, i) nix te pesthix Fi) poste bo Snkix pet te pix. ced with CamScznner'® QUEVvES: > \ OM ent ag queue ba thos dato. epwdse ‘thal let piook tn feoat ouk Atealegd —y opesettion.» — an hs Rout chemant 25 trusted vem one enc: Cll aS gua (tail) and -the el oh j eaisting elemesl Jaks ple from the oth, end? Called os {wert (head) - FIFO. mans thal element ‘et, “faa will be Somoned frowt . Hn slock one end ends ul be open. ) Enquene 8) Dequeue i) The poouss to add One “glement tnbo queue Called ull be closed. bull fin Qi both aw, po sm ene pon at a a sesuting sequels ena Fc tak Mhudablng “faa a! af Succ bee St, xX In vu le Serato (all cedin i A ems \ i wellony Hes ey colts with ComSeznnerShed fh sual Hips “sett wa dan Yo tnt Bt hLNgER LST 5 fh thed He) i a Square of data ‘teams which on conned ogathes vio. links. Node Inaita fr] PPE ey “types Mota Ht nyt dota Hams navigalion 2 © grate thea tS iy " Knked bat. Th (an be nani ronal Oona hams on be rai Pos Les Cee H)pBreaand only. . GiFSuaed and > ‘ backward also. ® ciqeutay Wud fats | Lost team ceria nx. Bf the [Aout element as not ond the foot clement has o - rk fo. 5 the ook clement ° peevious * xt: we “TT +PRR . ety 8 Dyes ) Twcttion — addy an demont or 8) Deletion — dada an demeit 3) Seasich — seaades an clement. ubleg she Koy. 4) at — diaploys the compli he Applitakio —> inked “Wat tan be used ‘to fnplenant Abu, - Quads 1 Jeephs —y Vso 11 polynorigal supe |_» Used a durant mony atlociton. ADT : anf ADT 30 type fat objets whole behawtousy i deffned ey reduc anda 3a of opoations. the edeilials ad | i the vali | ry Ltn “he es —y Strack eh (Max Stack Sige)? 2 | . “sual. in era i kee aS Atack. | eoolean ‘Isfull (stock, mon dock wige) if (ro eh danands ae ssaman SBe | ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerae slusin ROE else stdusin FALSE 5 Stack push (Ctouc,Tte) 5: . 4 ( asf (stared) Soaek ful ake insoit item ‘nto Vex and slusin * a —¥ Boelean is empl (Stour) + ip lite cto, ws) sutusin TRUE , ele suclusin FALSE —yalement pep Lsback) Ie (as empty (stack) 9ulbistn else .sueneye element at ths top of, tack. * ADT Queue :- Queue Ceol (sna Sige)** Cocks am j Queue wlth mix uize Boolean ISPULL (ovens pmonsted) 2: “ik (no &} clemulsn qptute a rak 4 Seb8in TRUE sree ae Kel Queue Add ( queue, tan) “tn Che thwent “tem of Siena eh queue and dtétusin qweue an ! Bodleen -“ISEMPTY Tauen) 4", -Nelun TRVE ely sthom PALSE, Elemed Delelr (Queue) 2, ‘hk CISEMPY (Quewss) oils, ele Semove and sietiom theftem at fjront of queue. Srepsusion eWaluabion. . Wis prOtedssle we osu ultra f8t complex aialgnment Meallernents yr ath ¥ C Vp O=t, boa, 6=3 \t2 ge 9 He -4V —y tute Wo preadine hieiachy tha ddlesmines Ue fr hich we aahaite peste: > poecedanu column i$ taxin from faaiton carol sicel | Oo eo Touen ——_ preubete | —pocab | a. co;TI 1 | Lept to wighE | RX --5 44 le no» | H-j4az hae} ae Bight te left Me “ype ty | R tL | | p *, /% | i | LR: ls + | | bb R he Mi LE.> 5 ON | LR Bo, 4, 10 Lto R be £e0 ile ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerqQ <:,)5 7 & (loqive! ND) A (exclusive OR) \a 1 a COTW ry \5e 9s q L bP of at LweR Lo P Loe&R Lhe LtR LR vr wo Loe 4° L toe Try to po fix Conmesufen- ) Prabols \ Oipsusren: Orb ¥ ¢ TOKEN, eC Kk erie Atouk + + 4% +H hs following nix expreition fabs gat fix o)p a a ob ob abt Bcc xs. ‘Sconmed with CamSeanner| | | a) B43¥4 Kn > Staek a - + + 3 + * +k 4 +x 3) aK (brid ea oxen Star a. - x x _ +( b «( + a4 C- + (+ »: ¥ (a x ¥K a of yor i a Olp Q 2 23 a3 234 234 K+ olp a a a ab ab ab = (peace) Obc+ ab Same C+¥ ee va abe+*a Ob¢ + xa * | Same pretadinn oprah. at nat aloud fr stack, ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerToken Stak olp ( ( t ( 1 + (+ ! 9 (+ 12 ) (Aro da. n+ * “hi lat + op tay Be at ble ae Token Hock op x a + + a b * ae _ 40 bop ab Ch rey ‘ ab i c i /> Pop ened 6: (PA- R)y-S+ Tapeey” ( ox ; Pp C > f (/ P 8 Cd Pg ~ ‘(/- POtk Par ) i Cie) top —- PAR par-/ * * raR- / $ al paR-/s + ‘py Par] s 7 ¥ POR-/S7 + (P/ea-m) #$+7) PAR STH. ( P ' ‘¢ p / / P C ce P a Cie = Pa Tk Ofer Pe Rees. Ofte - par dy C/C5}pop. par- ‘. pare mea C# + paR./ 2% S “nt (+ - PQR-/S —* C#+ Pop Pals oa AN Par-/S* iG POR-/ sae T ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerPaR-/¢ *7° yO ee PAR-/ sayy ge (a+ Ge 8 Oe2)-f) ( RG A ( ’ “ (+ 6 DMAG 5 (+ AB / (+/ AB c C+) us x (+/% Pop ABC ABc/ ¢ (+ ¥¢ ABC) D . (+«¢ AB c/D + ( TECH ABC/D E CECE ABe/pe ) CCD pec foe + - "| (EF™ pop ABC/DE+ 14 ns ABC/DE tr ON ) ©) pop ABC DE + ap _ —_ ABC/DE+ 44 F_q | —arb-ctd. roe ts | | a5 e+ A f + 3 g LYS dapix © sy mef 1. nyt post fix hy a poepix a43 FA token wD Fewest Q-b abt aAb+e a-bt+t— a-b+ cmd an-btl-d+ Stack 23 Ss 23K, + +k + +* + #234 ‘Sconmed with CamSeannere Jo epvalov -4n y . | give peecedenee Ip aoe 3 " i ake peacedumce ’ Qe ax b/c foe token Stack or F a o x. a * b ab / *K / ab KS abe #/ &/cha —rRemusibe Expression —7 do post —Y Revo “the urpeertion. , 8 a ble rs — c/b Ka t8Ken, Stack op c me é / / ¢ b Z ch #: /sIe ABA plore yA Loken Stack op D Dd! / / DP C 7 be 4 Jpop be be g . 4 be/B + + eK pe/B., 5 44 d¢/en 5 (A ¥ cab) Pen ah + RB/cb CD40) ¥ CB+A) ¢ ¢ b ¢ > + Ct b c (+ PC ' (+Srop cH 4 Ba Dce+ C + ¢ DCH | + ( be+B 6 ¥(+ pC+B 8 (‘Spe PCHBAT DCHB ASK of + ABs CD ‘Sconmed with CamSeanner“6. (AKB+C c+ (64®) Loken \ afi) BK Pa + 0 a]p ~trdve-a a . / 7A b Ie - — Pr . —9: + + pl a oe Stak olp a + +( 0 c +( ce , +(¥ cB ONG. L +(9) POP cen ée “ + ¥* ABC a Ob ot | ab] Cc. ab | C—NT & Declignastics the dala shuduse a dict om ehot jase ef key element ond * x eps sue ud to lctatz the clement fn Mit exer Tibseey catalogs Wicberacy 4 ‘ca duyraticc Agk PDT cerilafiy pats Of chave! Valux ts associated with cStcueperdn Valu > © key. r _ 2. ined tht Crastable length) @ 8 Mb e

NO MUGLKEY —% slusined by an kay Betray me eee je void frsesrt Item (ky) — lo+ easieh Uk, v) a. int find Thm (2) 3 Ink pind ters (4) L, yeid deleb atm (k) 5. Boolean Wo. SuaKCYC ) G- vo%d dolote teens CK) 4. Int i3eC) & Boolean is empty) 9. Boolean 1S Foc ) ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerThe Aickienasy tan be epsurerted asa Lneay bit, te Kneast WBE B3'a celleition of pues Tmt (3, 30) Th Chead—skey > new—y Key) heod= Gvei—new New —> next (99 5 OTel > ps3; prepay betine ~ Lilrey4— BIS >ERTt ae z YA; we want to deleli idle node Pow—y not= cusses rag oteleke 4< w unnt b dalek head node | Head cuss sprentt | o delat A teed Lil) Jats) 4a +--+ Tako] i) 3h we wank to daldbr fort niode PleV—> nogt = coy nwt {Oo} > Jays Seoathing opailitn ?- wid seaside Stout node -Feusur, pte; cupsi=head » int Ks pithy (Wenn the Key to be bash») 5 Sean (“fd 'd Bs while Cour | =nuLs) Sh Couser—skey =k) - t plinth ("Key fours) 5 else . WuSUl= Cusesr—snenl 5 hy Couy= NULL)we. y Skip fiste- I Fak lk 2,0 dala Noweluse that alloys Keosith with on Stdeswd sequen of clement. ye Fast sooth is made poliible by matic than Wiestachy #ipping swt elements’ wo can fru ard mtosch earthy edy using ip It cue Ake daaubark Of Snead) fist Wo ate ‘9 a Bt ey yh Ghee Stag tarn Shows a Wk fat & vole MY ole eto Stl pi the cendiion that has Lo followed 4h ship Hatt } Hh node of Mist Aheulel be Sn leuck O. | Uy vols of ME sou be jaw | 4 Ye ode of [ist should he sh leel.2 > Node ef \emel O pani bo noit “node eh level 0 ant Afnibly lod pdind to nat nee 6h Fame Jenel. ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerae suction s- —y)';} Ls F —y\ul 0 node pens to nel wie |—zlewel} node abo pain tb she level 1 & hight L-] head ) wert C1) j—rkeal2 node alo psink to the lev 2 & Fighsy Gpeeleat— 54Jo Le yjie head 9) Inge (5) Bepoh | Dannced CY) 1 oC bh EDK EO /) truwtt(2) utse pairtes we (an jemp cue the §BE ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerPr teu 4° dy mebsel of Jeued 0.4 Lewelo f hubs eh dowel 4 rgottion ard Seastch iaach, paling? —y key © Soy Of wut node “key to bufrcted 5 then keep -nving {award on Same level 7 Key Of next node 7 key fo pe Snaeated , the Reap moving backtssd on Same level <4 net mene “bo clown Jeucl and Conbinus with vand > akeps. —5At ‘kwelo” we will fad the element . HHastihen random lewel( )- Jewd =o while Sardar may. lel do Th lenelsleyal+ geilusiy jew) ale tuvel=tewsl1 oileain levelwh ay syoahing goa type 4 dala sbyuclugte jin thin tty an clerunt % a LOMA « ay he on bay ‘imme cempleriy B oeduced., using a ¥ in augaiys thy Hive Takin to “cen” oy well ar jn black it bed tn lind an desta i Vinterd Vint % find a0 element’ i . 42 ees Harr, time ap inns token equal Yo “oC tear): Sti. ex: Stoucl Student: t ~ da fri -x0llno 5 Rol No Name figs | chos, name ; ol | a ; i“ age 5 ‘| 2 b > h ups 2? 3 c 3 wid madincy zy d g 4 y 5 e 5 student SP5]5 0 toe teh Dynan’, fT, prance hashing | Hash tale Hash ovo . thon -AB wu,en, & iC hoo, Har Hox pest trusted ey. 4! evaluabi ‘en hathing Table funilion hardlivg Oweshloco dieras) echrdque we. hala i | thn open gecbuing — ted wiry” | Mid Gquctie dichiondbrie [»Folding petit peal : [digit nalyss * chafing eta Se ns aie barking: . « —S-Hash Table - Tn stalic hotking the dictionary parts "cbt fred (4tSted) fr a table HL Called hah lable, | —>Harh table d pastliened fnto “b” Ceuckebs):(0- con), Sets toch bucket “capable oh holding dictFonagy pelts: —véoch slot % laste enough to hold ene ded? ae titovoy te wey 1 lecaben bho pots whose key % KE Bs dikestrfiined by hosh Junction “yoy? vis $B ong key hw) & an from ob (ne4 ee ° egos y Finaly the didtowsy polos ode Atsled th thy home | bukebs- €x2" aves, chai, detine, enp, float , acti&n , Cel, flooy led? loading act = «= 2 ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerN=no e par Bucket ize 2 0- OI 0-25 = Q6 elles. Hashing 2— vain Bo. protes Of dota “tem ee Small table wot the apo ra duncan h(KD which means we tan place ae ad amore ew Nabue > fn table using hash Sleto Slet) 1 < Atos aditn > 1 2 ceil chai % dubine yeep 5 Fleak Hove as Zoo by 2 (enh > ied seh ted” Se : Ihe fixed prow to Cenmenh a Ke to hath key 45 ie Xneun a3 fy junetion. >t B wid to put the dake fh hash table abo tnd _seiotle the dolla from | fo tebleBy Gem “wvthodelegs ase ued fo Conyedi te * tome bucket by pesgintng astithentic petition A Key { 20 —yiein hah drnckiens ase 1 i) Bitdion Methed ¥) id Guage method wi) Polls Ww) Bgit anabys a vy) conwecting Keys fro Fileqy, ‘usin el meee Kis mdhed 2s applicable |i Sinteger fas then joo. ) Keys = 36,18,42,03,6 hab) = 3674S =4. hud= Bt v= 2 hep) = RL Re D> Buckel ze. » Keys ~ 536, 195° = DAB LF IAG, 4, BQ He Buckel GZe = (0-9) =10 hUD=12 floz2 HCAS) = 737, lo =3 hy) = HY joe hese) = &6% lo= 6 her) = GIP lo =! Alan) = ah lo = 4 nlgS) = Belo =% Nao) = a0% lo =0 es as Burke Size. (o—= & B42 Se} ZW Mid ugnte Methods) om chs. mid Sqya3ie hark fundien difestenes tho hems rae by pasting tho Koy and an aati NO Of beats {sem snfiddle ‘the 2 Pin tho buckel addsus. ihe Sas addowrs = widdle digs of Chey AUS *N5 = BA Sho 3dY/ = 3403 = Bucket gddouers. —y Rony. oH buckr @ O-b 29, 7D we get te Collen & Fp the se of the k 3B teo lasge wie we ony to posilon Key! and then art at Squotie method . orn (3453) rv = DAG 3T4 =fbsepen = Tu3Gly/ p © 36. by 436 G)3g L Peery 9 L36u (gy364. &) £ dae} the no oh bib tobe used to obtain the bucket addgws deprds on sige of habh table, Hn ‘Koy BAGu5), (UGH, 3 TVBUS, 16025 2, oNSi2g HAASE BITT= HSE Hd = 344. 71° Leu| ee hC12196%) = 12) KI) = ble = es 36, era (342d) —3434e = My aagy — 29g 358 SET N(160252) = I6oXle0 = aséo0 = sco (or 5[28) = 5% HS = 00R0RH = 202} ‘Sconmed with CamSeanner; Conde slau, Whste stack % allocated net ls. STACK = A,CUD,Fiky-,-5-5 “ony Dedvdte — foleuwing sack opetaon. . &- POP ( Stack, ‘iktm) 2+ pus (Stack, 1) S- Pop (Stank, Im) be postr (Shack,Q) C+ Pop (Stack, tem) t Post (Stack pr be Pus H( Stak, R) he Po PLstack, *em) = PUB L2k 9) ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerBey xed © - in this Key (RK) Gs positioned fal romcstal past, bub patty te lat being ef ths Same erat, hase posts ast added — together to ebtaIn thy addsuss JR le Key (ik): thle adie ™ 1 Shift folding she &. Beundasy [elbing yin this the diffsent prods adv addid together ty gat hek) thiy Known a3 bhi Joldlng. bx htk)= pti) Betao3 | ever Size [ov0-424) | Rebs & B= 384 | | | hid= & py fz) = P+R7B => AUk)= 268- &eQs- Ke 73203 2h 230 wt d= 53 = i ‘Gen Bra +) = RRB Hy he he Po = 20 = 694 64 ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerBoundary a sty boundary — gelding we hawe to a, by at ths bourdasdes The Key ied at te ati boundaxied and the diggs asle Seemed foo, py ts ¢g- Ke [23 203 QI M2 20 ' oldfng al “tu. beundasis wie fiat emery, \ mente ‘1 302, 20 then apply jelly f= 2 3 Rh = 302<— = au) . frali probe OB =Y ety | @ © GyeeB K is eee eA athe’ penply h(atoi)+! (tsa con z) h( float) - \ fe0 B5+t0= i) 3h (chas)= 2 jel Stl 6 fill uw) h(defind= a fen S424 empl 5) h Cexpy= 4 D h(cel)= a gin” PAlato)=0 Hd, | - FO O-+0sp Kil Foh(el)+ o iL Dal elpilh | 24022 fil ie 2 042 =2 BI ce | Veis n¢eeil)s1 : 153 O33 | HP . arle.3 hi me 1: . . jer hCceldet2. jeg Orb 4 Empty = i) Ty Nee) a3. oh(eil+3 f Q43e5 emply wie lo enfy i) h( loos) a we os | F388 ay Bria py) | Fe Stee Ps ie> 0 Sey Hi with ComSeznneroo al An |Sneast probre collayers aSO Mes Mel en ally snd the hash table until a empl cell 38 found. : a When thuesting A new fadioy uo Ke ak! poouds as follows — }; Compaye tk) . R Gyartine: she hash buckels fr the Blote Che, wshese i= O-n unti] we found empty. Cell hho. Sable we can jnesemie “1 value. oo 3 the deult aision” ef AUK). 3. auton mith’ In Vneasy prebiy wu- tome atnoss stow igh cluablesdng walle - bile Seastehing Ha” wl ade emphy a hill : ~ ghustleting.— y FG it vs AS beng oS table Me “8 big enough’ the fiue ell fn a be Jeund but ahr time “tS -perf8im fe Stepastes a Tacge Ble” amo : : Wee, eaten ‘ ‘Hho rtable Size Is stelatvely omply | Blocks ths effet 25 Called psthrasy *eeablening.ads. bneo— Quagtagic PgEng® nt» = (never) 4b Ket 16, 25,26, Ua, oy, 2) B= \o phod= tH loz (hca)2) Lio Ce = G44) 110 OC = 3 ; hee i: 4) Wal) - ehhioy wide ¢ . Créer} Z to 5) has= 5 (141) #.'0 &) Wev=4 =27\oo 2 KGS) = Creger} Lilo > (6+!) Fo = 441-4 A) hia)= 9 (hi) ] %¢ [0 = (4) 7 fo = \o%lo= 0 ®) h(oh) = & (h(6u)+7)4 Io, e(let)x lo ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerEG 1 Ob? OH? 192, 42M , Gay B4,92,4F 43, I+, R> ~ Ss “Ke 192,92, 1hb, 6H6 , 1, a Belo A)hUa) = ob |e fo 7 wet" hear) jaaZlo =| Hide <2 “ 4 tae G2} to. 9 nead= “st °. Pe (h waar] 210 {hes} 7 le = BAD te (avyfle clei tone . = im Pp ahtad sanz lo <3 7? {htor) <1") 7 to + DAUD= Hb Lt0 EO I0 -6 , 2° Sto -8 LD bl6ub)= SUr67/10 os eh ° 3 te (neeub4 17) 7 10 2 GW} to h 2 3 ¢ Alo t -4 3 ® hug2) = & eu > | oe 9 |b \o=d aety joie) lox / a4) tle oe o. we fo Bieety Bee with oo nets and dipth “k k ‘ paving SET veces then he teue 86 Bald ote be fell bin] bee. M 5) QR & & ne hoo © - rsetembatien 2— trey Repaertaes A - - B a | z 8 c Cc 1 - dp . — eE. 1 D F oe 4 _ . Ho : _ Tt i : | ‘Sconmed with CamSeanneri im D ay en BINARY SEARCH TREtS Cast) | “RST fy a binaty feu 7h Mey DE Cmply FAL tet nel Lpty then HE Salty” ana Lellewing prperbo *) Each nrc has txactly Ow key cand the Kea hy ake deuce ater At tinge , i) AW Key By he MAP fab sbeee acts Saltesy than the yoo ‘Sconmed with CamSeanner‘ fi c 4 +) athe YY tr Abe stig bub fey. a pedley div gic 36TE why Lik and sug he hub tury ah also Ga oy ESS Kops 30,20, HO SC Qo 4 Q @ not iN BST Se Oo cata a est whq following Ky 22,,elb 16, 521 My) OO, 83, 2, 5 BO, FE, A 4 3 3, FH (84,60 5 ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerS Q ) Keyps 50, 16,21, 4+ ,32, 64, » " 15, 52, (4,100, 83, 2,3) Ao, &}, $0 4 — \eud opewter opestat an i BST adele tpsration initially wes Seasich fe “es Jat comede ech Centeth item 7s pagent qake tse © net. iS deleted from the dee olepend ds ef Ure oe de. ine a “ole wong yee i fds an the dsee a chil ( case-4 = CC HILDE ‘Ih Nede has ne childsyen then nede is deleted from the teuee by sep lacing “dhe lcectiey eh Yede th the yresent eat by null peviter yh. {pret 3) © J & @ é 9) O®ooO ®& Th node hos eyactly one child then meds is cults fom the tee by plac cthe lncadten eh nece th preseat nede by he teceten ef node Galu ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerCASE -3 = qo CHILDREN Br) Se aele ‘hos a0 destin thn viede 4s sts been toute by guplocin “the fel leusiing. cerelibs eng, YF ind foetder Poedecrese' cele ( largest viede. fy jhe Apt Aub tea) . +) Cind the ineteel Sacesset node CAmalteat node, fh sfghh bub tw): tee Aes 3 1 Se os wa = & ) 7 516, Elo 13s t9, 30,43,49 p beeaiens oF BST. Oleg n) “a 4 4 anusibeo Cutdatey 2) delebien — Cink dala.) 9 Trees] Seasth (int dats) ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerCxealt a teu , &stuct node ht dala 5 Gout. node « Left dub Bue ; Sout ned. + sight Sub (ees 4 sot 3 Kops 2, 84, 146, 34, 22,1614, G12", 5, 40,64 eyBST gd seat Cint dab) buick rele ob tC atouudt ode +4) mate (sia Lisi siguict nods ¥ OFS Stack node 4 ps £ dala = dato 5 festa] mz £ ~> beftehild= NULLS —— -— ba sifghk dbl = nue 5 hy JH toeee iS empl )} (voot= = NoLt) t och | yool=t ; 4 % elye e\se has Wol- cas =c OS PAULL + i Ceseunk=sioy) 2 § p : oy) Ps stiahtchila = t, Pe Cusely 5 // Ge te lef te ee hin th (data eshile Cusurs data t. data) 76 Ceusil=wuce) t put (4a? a late) 6 ( au > doled Eatn) 19zac i rate = KOU] —» te brcite ; ee” . Kgvl= GIs vighhchila 5 YY . ae Unmet hind . Lee ih (cece NULL) t suhahn NULL ; Jretery Sutugin wert Le ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerAaj ‘PN ~ Tete Ta 62 Addn - relakiiard “ hele Frog a birasu tote atolore E> Med + l, high ob the such Peles, ws le © —ocime tomplesity &b AYL Sue seastch 48) clin Oltogn) Seasth- O(legn) Traattion- Oltege) pelebion — 0 Ctogn) fh the tame ime a new Key can be evitewud of Aukiled sem co teue then the setting Semadns Aatomted - jeg RN che me tee " suce (uith TW Lee dal wm eoaphy with TL ry) ght balant # df tue is nen -enapt with and 0 16 Left ond Might sub sores Puipedvely ee we ib haght “balored by follastng condo st wd Te ase htght tolanted 1 BRL HR) cy ushast ean ott Land p. S ALand tig ante, helght 6 Height Lebt Sub biee)~ Laight aght sub 3) ealance fost = > ee) Exh calulalb whey it 3 balanced! bee ol nt 7 ‘Sconmed with CamSeannero'r ° Mey 7 Y\ thes | | AR He ~He) <1 . | HH . _ |e -(e)= 2 AVL propettea. Bub it is be sastdn Toes Ha) ae or “yo Hee 2 R » Yetta) 6 @ l-aJe y VL Retahien Notes ob BST-AvE-tee) © Left suildion-gingle sight: LL” wal theo, Yo y ., eet Oe Ny ta Bie vv w > ® or va eet : ANE Seen H=) Head ys) Ints0 AVL. bee ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerkeh Sp thle Ole) ®© Reght Crouble 6 : o Ne oO \ we yh PY aX OQ de® Jour S. — “6 RIG x é& seeid © v PVL~ Wee oie we zen wo Sey BORE yy Oe LEFT. A ( “o Y. ome QO: @ OQ | Rotations pf bree, Atesily bron needy inpeitid mode. 5 outa, ATES - | Kup = 21, 26,30,9, YM, 2b, ig, 5, ang | 0 @" ®: Qe A © Hp=Q Ab tig lo “4 Vv va ea with ComSeznner: 6 E)l-re és ” os 7 | | ae a OE © BE als\ Benn > 6% sh Do e y r= JR R-~wtation © oyKo.Py Teed s- Quick ACLESS of MEMORY ws To ve wos ll bil rotate BOMB up aber th. avter> path. “Ls luk X be a Cnmn—voot) node en the ACY pay at wiih we oo ‘tating “VU the pont of % IS she ropot ©} the Aer, marcy -sotads ard the yest te FS tho lat “Staci on oltong the path : —svbuise, % fab both a posunt CP) onda grand Poort C61) ard HhaSe oe ~bw0 cars, plu Aapramabiig to congidiest —y The ft Qe Ts the Zig 79 qe YX Fo odghe trild od Pp isa left Wid Co Vice pera) . 5 a4 shes Bs the cose, we podfdim @ dauble rotation exactly Wik on AVL double votacteh othuite, wie howe zig Ziq Css % ond p ods both leper Uden CB fhe Apoametiic cane, bath wight Fuebuen) -9tn Ahab ye, we tanrdim the bree en the lee tho the yee On tho. Vighk On — | A ced with CamScznnerpail eh feledlion SS . ha potinetple ob Jelechon S80. 1 fo Selec Ainalleat coment fpr the uassited fist ard plats dhemn of thei salt yoution. geterbiin, SBUE IS One 8 he iMate oe iin She Baa elmank om Hho” qv UAC od eng Me ott te fe clement: This podlews ys dione on the wosSed patton ofthe Vist and wil BL Seepeated wat! al! “the abenedls’ the WE atte ABLE vTnibially Ihe. complete. We as be unsStred. the Juecteck Amailent “lemedt 1s Sanppad sth “aha Wt, lords Noo) Be ire i ia to beaded oad. ate. emeing elemedls ode, uniBlbed. | Powis it be supuiTad on the, vnaised (BGO wail Vict ate, ABuect OW the elemer Tr theho UNCP A } GRAPHS vsaphic A qxaph & an abiteoct dake tsuduoy, aie collin of wesilices also Called ety 4 ard sdaes that connect thu vosites-a qouph Pe ston “Vid os a qrwralization ey the tee veheje fuitend of tuvlng a pestely parent Zo child suionhip pauisoy ‘et ocad me Kind of omploy srdlationip (an fist A asaph" &’ & duofined as an Sidsuct> set &i(v,8) "whee y(o—> sepereris Act of weston me erik thal Connect - e@) +> a aa these # _@ €) a gho oboe eyample thaws a qxeph with VG) wy) = {A,8,cd.\ ror £6 = 18,8, € 60, 9,85. | NOE aE ree chuse aM fe Wotlins nats and beoh 1 - dnd: b Regul | CI-R Gphy _ | Tsolated Tph. dslom a node "py dp. V ) ; ind ay a C afi epee 8 , ve nia Us Nb and VAN, Yin B adyaunt t ‘ Yo te Lesey y » CYCLES tink | BREA . D podh in’ which dhe faut ard the last wasttites ate: * Some-f Brnpls Cade hos no Stepeaitsd edges & weil JS sttpad ecg) coh 0 : A. it Said. “fo As conneél ib ang too mA qhe theje iS a path prem Uby stad we Yt© egal. Grp at | A geoph “G’ (5 Acad to be compli ifpits oct oo fully conned FE, there. 7s @ path fxm One godt be cuny nade fa Ihe graph. fomplcti oni nCA~) hole A compl opeph has ny adge} whole NAS the noe} Medes tr 4 oa need MD wight _o 2) waited, Gyephr | A opragh 5 ta to be wdited & labeled Vb emery edge fi?ths qr % altigned some califalue ana udibd geph che edges ef wth. people a aligned Jom wig nok OT Length . the wteightt of cin ie YS denoted by tle) Io “Ne” Vale uDhich Trclades ay cot ob Prauesting thr edge. LOOP ‘ ae An 2dge hak has “iderltal end ponks 75 calle! loop ve, (es uU) “ SIZE oF GRAPH oo ; hy Aye of qrapbe Za -the total no oh edgar in iE | no of sdgu 6 ( | ige- & , ‘ |Diggdtid Graph + A dineited qnerh “G) atys Know os doronh, qt $4 a graph fo uohich — axaeu edge has a discclion awiand to ‘it. fin. ed JQ Ob Ai decled qeerh is ot en as on Bde peta) (ow) ob mols fr @ . FA an edge (uv) ' | ache ade beans al U andl -Lewnfndles at Vv 4 UV % known ad -the atigin filial potnt: eh ee, Va KNOW ar the duslindlon SB Avital pot of ¥ Uv & she phedeccenss) of Vy v3 the: Suctexs3) a v , + Node vad V as adjacenk “Yo each othe, 4 =Tewtaclogy A dite qreph 2 | —y ol -Asgfss ef a nodet ahs. oot digse of a nods. v, wotfllen ay aubdegouee(u) ts the vuumbesy Oh eddies thal | Biginale atu “a ly Indigo oh nodu $- the frdegoce Of @ node wsitln, an frag Cu), 23 the number 0 edger that Aemimrale al u- 2 ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerstrongly Conrudted digedlad Guoph 2~ pj dioudtid qaoph 4 Adid to be Alsrongty connected! i and only Gh) there enaty a. path elute evesty foun’ of nodes fh Ghat th ahete Boo path from node vu Ye V, then thoje rw bea path from node Vv. to v Weck) Connwstd dined axagh e- A Aloectid graph, 3s Aid to be weorly conneilid Gp tt ts connackd “by ignding tho divedion fu eh edges Fegany impMAnwTEN METHODS ¢ MejsGly thete able cermnmmen ways of Atsting . quarts ty dhe compilers meray - they one — AUo} aupsurerttaibion usfing aN adjacency edie “ “a od Go ® Lined Ropruxentation b an edjacn Wak that att the wail oho rode witha a Mink Jot: ae = Mjatoty Medel Replay t= K An adjacency miloix 2 ud “fo sepiusent which nods —asie adjacent fo OMe anotey, ¥ by dufrftion, eo nates ade Adid To be ~ J ‘Sconmed with CamSeanner- 7 e odjatent th shee (Son edge comnetling them ¥ no Ase geoph 1 8h node vis adjaces fo node U, then athete % defivitely an dye knem .U to NV: , thal 15, V 18 “adjacent to U, we Gan get sem uto V by Baverufing One edge. $ FE ony qraph G hosting “n! nody,; the adjacency maletx Wil “ama -the dimunsien Oh nen. i HK In an adyaceney mabsix, the vows and colemny ca labdled by raph vestiis - ge An dg Oy fh tho adjadney “malady us] + , tern 4) gy wasilices and Wy aye f nt to h othey. | tthe rode ase not adjacent aj ull be het bo , / : : Adjarceney maloiy erty . A CARN 1S adjacent tm yj that is. 04 < eee = hasje 7S an edge Cv) _ © Cethwis) ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerLy Since 98 adjacney malsiy contains end, os and 1G AE i old @ BL amabtx gf Roolean mallstiye ae cdr fh the wally dipends on the | ? sn of “the viodss fr Gy . | ay These je fn the Std eh nodes us | goult dr a Ai feorend adjacency malsti x - Greths and thet cdurebording ealadees- (a) Diowedted Gysaph he ¢ DE : ‘JO 1o to Bs} © oO oO | O ce] O10 0 0 Soe pb e000 )} i EL o ot O° Cs) digeated rr wih Loop ABC D — Alo, o1 | By/O } 14 . 1x cli oOo 4 > O1(> Undiseetd Graph AB ¢ DE 7 O10 1074 ®O—) 1 Oo | to leg | 7 O11 ©0141 Je @ ‘ ' looo 4 IS Oo 1, ole . (dd Weighted Groph. A 2 ec DE - ALO LO &®o 8}O 0 oF oO “}8® 5 0 oO o Sloo Gok ELO 0 1:0 o Fem the abou Cfample » ure Can €endludle + N Rl a Srgle qoaph the adjacency, Malay hay 0% On the Hagenale- : al te adjacency * malady ©, an -undioetted — Terh Semuctsic a) the macmsly wie af an adjacsney mater? y 1S oO (Cm) dude, nf the Rumbo gf nodes h the qeph K] No eh VS tn an adjacunuy meatsix % equal to “the number eh ges hy qeph.ri Ww vhs alten roa {sta weighted | aph cer ry the weights Oh the edges | connecting she nods. i 1 oy Adjascy sit Peas - n adyacerey Jak fo. angihe) wou th which | x - be vega fh the compiles. Teph cq Mowcboie cons obo. Lit of all code i G,| ed pode 23 ints Vinkesl fo i own Uist | thot teniodre The ames of all othe! nocs that | oe adjacent do “Wt aeothke Kou ‘advantages gus ho follow and duosky show the adjacent nodes oh a pasitiadasy node. i © ae » Mhum S 6a wing 6h 83 | gA subsGting g (ie 5] b $ ig the Hating psegrmend petiacen indents jan J p péedix of & fea aubibing Sfe.-i) fr tft a) 6 16% aubitatra fi...) and j el b ang Grdey bebdeen © and m-) . woe S : y Subsbing s [1-3] = ade : lap [oF Ey] . 5S y fill petlible prefines fs 2 “andviw" f landed 5 arde’s nd 5 ar ja" yay feWible Aufiiges Of Se “ : any hyo es woe andres! 4 Adien" 5 Aten" vewy ew? “w" ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerBraue alte flggtithm x deck rath position fn dhe text T to seegy the patleein Pp stasyts fr that pesition pl ox | Ja fr e]w ee seo Ts Lalald | vtefoo 2 Ps Bie} iS oy Prout Btu pattern ral uns fo Hime ' O(n) fr the wort Coie ; | f= put meat how el SBtinasty. text Joke . | Cm) shih ® v8y guide | > We bake Jae Stith 6. when sh alpha 2 I ? of the bes ae. best *, 2 a, 2,2, Joke _ ewer i? BS sloyey when the olphobele f Snel e3(0-Voor the elucnb fr an astending Suley is yd Sik: \. Bubble Sole ae fas 8 ERA oe Fu 8 co Ls 6 39 2 $ Qa 8 ws $°Au 6 37 REED 23 ub 569 674Sate {ote aalgetithm 2 | ews oi Trample eh a wel (ase: -T. ' AA AAA AAAAACAQAAAABARA k —P*% aaah" > Harley oh a mle average case : Ts “a stat scarrching example Fg Standand" . 2 Site" al LEE eT a co 3 4 ul 1_lof) Paee) pubes mill Fd sop \ }! wai sm ‘iy ¥ 4 Boyer Moslel algstithm réeprocertes the pull P and -the alphabet A to build Q last ecutents. furebon LO K = Lomap! oll the letlou fr rr to fnteyow K(X) 48 defined ay + Iy aldara _ the largest ext such that pteJ> x a \ - ch Th no auch firey egittr. a ‘Sconmed with CamSeannerLt) evample pzlarbodd , "ae alelaryy P: abocat Dr23ae h Qa - 7 : uty)| 4 fe LO StBles tndexes fnte - PLY. yy IN Poyert-Modle cede , Lt) 36 Gleulatleal when the | fallin P is stead" mo 1 ¥ Vwally LO 4s gt8ted os an , ' , Citide) | Mike tthe table & the pruvious Wek, Kouth Mavis psaibt abgatithm [ME] ¥ the Kw algSGthn Looks bg the fatlern sh the fixt fa left-ta aight Soler (ke the brute” (Ble agatithe) . % Bak AKER the ollean vB tateligenty » than the brute foie agstithen. : Kotha aigmath yrasd bebusen the text orl fallen pak Pegg, what 15 the erost we can Mop the allern be autid wmtehil comparisons | Po analnh ¢ last IM st ’ Pus The ek poutine Of Po J that te Oo ebb oh pli... Ji. CK i Ps lalblalelb lo] Gog : ‘i Shrew = 2 told di fale] a) rh | ned ; Reweme " thot Compacting ' compressors hoje WHY . Bird langest profs (MELE) Oh . “obaa 6 (Plo i) ukich Sedgf (ord) of , | “baapl Crete. j-) | AWA- “ab” es joo vom eleIe every node is than 909 a tow. Q. che sset fs bla | a ery pea (mI) is bade | le, Tha node is gust then beth 76 childven ots, | black 5. PS zach node jal! paths fem ne fs dastondank leas cento#n the Jame nuerby ef blak nades- 1 third erode fos two chéldbuneen pg/h Wl Suomen asa ne sod Sheu . ‘Sconmed with CamSeanner