CS 2100

User Guide
Notice
Congratulations on your purchase of the CS 2100. Thank you for your confidence in our products and we will do all in our
power to ensure your complete satisfaction.

The User Guide for the CS 2100 includes information on the usage of the equipment. We recommend that you thoroughly
familiarize yourself with this Guide in order to make the most effective use of your system.

WARNING: We recommend that you consult the “Safety,

Regulatory and Technical Specification User Guide” before
using the CS 2100.

No part of this Guide may be reproduced without the express permission of Carestream Health, Inc.

U.S. Federal law restricts this equipment to sale by or on the order of a dentist or physician.

This document is originally written in English.

Manual Name: CS 2100 User Guide

Part Number: SM759
Revision Number: 02
Print Date: 2014-01

CS 2100 complies with Directive 93/42/EEC relating to medical equipment.

0086
Contents
1—About This Guide
Conventions in this Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–1

2—CS 2100 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

General Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–1
CS 2100 Unit Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–4
Control Timer Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–9

3—CS 2100 RADIOLOGY PROCESS

Positioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–1
Positioning the Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–1
Positioning the X-Ray Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–1
Paralleling technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–1
Bisecting technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–2
Positioning the Imaging Receptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–2
Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–2
Exposure Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–2
Exposure Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–3
Exposure Times for Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–3
Exposure Times for Phosphor Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–3
Exposure Times for Digital Sensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–4
Emitted Doses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–5
Film Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–6

4—ACQUIRING AN IMAGE
Preparing for Image Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–1
Launching the X-Ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–2

5—USER MODE
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–1
Entering the User Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–1
Modifying Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–1
Exiting the User Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–2
Performing a Tube Seasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–2
Automatic Tube Seasoning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–2
Manual Tube Seasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–3

6—TROUBLESHOOTING
Quick Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–1
Information Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–3
Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–4

7—MAINTENANCE
Quarterly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–1

CS 2100 User Guide (SM759)_Ed02 1

Contents

Generator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7–1
Mechanical support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7–1
Control timer unit and electrical installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7–1
Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7–1
Control timer unit self-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7–1
Annually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7–2
Cleaning and Disinfecting the CS 2100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7–2

8—CONTACT INFORMATION
Manufacturer’s Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8–1
Authorized Representatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8–1

2
Chapter 1
About This Guide
Conventions in this Guide
The following special messages emphasize information or indicate potential risk to personnel or
equipment:

WARNING
Warns you to avoid injury to yourself or others by following the
safety instructions precisely.

CAUTION
Alerts you to a condition that might cause serious damage.

IMPORTANT
Alerts you to a condition that might cause problems.

NOTE
Emphasizes important information.

TIP
Provides extra information and hints.

WARNING
Exposure to ionizing radiation

CS 2100 User Guide (SM759)_Ed02 1–1

Conventions in this Guide

1–2 About This Guide

Chapter 2
CS 2100 SYSTEM OVERVIEW
The CS 2100 is compliant with the requirements of the EEC and international medical standards.

The CS 2100 unit has been designed to produce high-quality intraoral radiographies that:

 Reveal maximum details with the minimum dose to the patient.

 Show teeth and anatomic structures accurately with a minimum of distortion or
magnification.
 Have optimal density and contrast to maximize their use for the detection of dental
diseases.

The CS 2100 uses a high-frequency technology that allows:

 Reduced X-ray doses for patients because the CS 2100 unit emits fewer soft rays
absorbed by patients which are not used during image creation.
 Shorter exposure times which reduce the risk of motion blur during exposure.

The CS 2100 is equipped with a thermal safety system that prevents the generator from
overheating in case of intensive use. This prohibits any exposure as long as the generator has not
cooled down. The I01 error message appears on the display and an audible beep is heard during
the unit cooling period. The beep stops when the cooling period is over.

To obtain high-quality intraoral radiography with maximum details, you must be very careful when
performing the three steps of the radiography process:

 Positioning the patient, the X-ray generator, and the imaging system
 Setting the exposure parameters according to the imaging receptor used (films,
phosphor plates or sensors)
 Processing the film (if a conventional film is used)

General Overview
The CS 2100 unit is composed of the following functional components

 A high-frequency X-ray generator which includes:

 A transformer and associated electronics, and an oil-bathed X-ray tube
 A beam-limiting device with the following characteristics:
- A radiation diameter of 6 cm (2.36 in.)

- A distance from the X-ray tube focal spot to skin of 20 cm (8 in.).

 An angle scale and a handle to facilitate positioning.

CS 2100 User Guide (SM759)_Ed02 2–1

General Overview

 A wall framework which contains the:

 Main powerboard
 ON/OFF switch which contains a built-in LED.
 A control timer unit which:
 Performs exposure time selection and displays parameters (exposure time and
emitted dose).
 Performs a microprocessor self-test at every unit activation.
 Displays alarms in case of incorrect operation.
 Includes two exposure time modes. The digital mode corresponds to the range of
shortest exposure times that fit those needed for digital sensors.
 An extension arm and a scissor arm which is equipped with springs that ensure arm
stability.
The following figure illustrates the extension arm and the scissor arm.

Figure 2–1 CS 2100 - Side View

Table 2–1 Extension arm types

Extension R Span A

Short 47.0 cm 170.0 cm

(18.5 in.) (67 in.)

Standard 64.8 cm 188.0 cm

(25.5 in.) (74 in.)

Long 82.5 cm 205.0 cm

(32.5 in.) (80.69 in.)

 A rectangular collimator. Its various sizes adapt to films, phosphor plates and RVG
sensors. It is recommended to use such a collimator if possible, in order to limit the
radiation absorbed by patients.

2–2 CS 2100 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

 General Overview

The CS 2100 unit is also composed of a remote exposure switch which is an optional accessory.

The following CS 2100 unit configurations are provided:

 Standard wall-mounted unit

 Ceiling-mounted unit.

The following mounting options are provided:

 Floor column base

 Mobile base
NOTE
These options must be used with a standard wall-mounted unit.

CS 2100 User Guide (SM759)_Ed02 2–3

CS 2100 Unit Configurations

CS 2100 Unit Configurations

Figure 2–2 Standard Wall-Mounted Unit

7
5 8

1 2

3
6 4

1 High frequency X-ray generator

2 Wall framework
3 Separate control timer unit
4 X-ray exposure button
5 Scissor arm
6 Rectangular collimator
7 ON/OFF switch with built-in LED
8 Extension arm

2–4 CS 2100 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

 CS 2100 Unit Configurations

Figure 2–3 CS 2100 Unit with Separate Exposure Switch

7
5 8

1 2

NOTE
This configuration is an optional configuration

1 High frequency X-ray generator

2 Wall framework
3 Control timer unit
4 X-ray exposure switch with X-ray exposure button
5 Scissor arm
6 Rectangular collimator
7 ON/OFF switch with built-in LED
8 Extension arm

CS 2100 User Guide (SM759)_Ed02 2–5

CS 2100 Unit Configurations

Figure 2–4 Ceiling-Mounted Unit

5
8

1
4

1 High frequency X-ray generator

2 Ceiling mounted unit containing the main powerboard
3 Control timer unit
4 X-ray exposure switch
5 Scissor arm
6 Rectangular collimator
7 ON/OFF switch with built-in LED
8 Extension arm

2–6 CS 2100 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

 CS 2100 Unit Configurations

Figure 2–5 Unit Mounted on Floor Column

1
3

6 7
9

1 High frequency X-ray generator

2 Floor column containing the main powerboard
3 Control timer unit
4 X-ray exposure switch with X-ray exposure button
5 Scissor arm
6 Rectangular collimator
7 ON/OFF switch with built-in LED
8 Extension arm
9 Raiser

CS 2100 User Guide (SM759)_Ed02 2–7

CS 2100 Unit Configurations

Figure 2–6 Unit Mounted on Mobile Base

1 7

4
8
6 2

1 High frequency X-ray generator

2 Mobile stand containing the main powerboard
3 Control timer unit
4 X-ray exposure switch with X-ray exposure button
5 Scissor arm
6 Rectangular collimator
7 ON/OFF switch with LED
8 Handle
9 Foot brake

2–8 CS 2100 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

 CS 2100 Unit Configurations

Control Timer Unit

3
2

6
9
5

1 Warning: Ionizing radiation

2 Exposure time - emitted dose indicator
3 Display
4 X-ray exposure button
5 X-ray emission control light
6 Ready state
7 Exposure time selector:
- Lit: shortest exposure times for digital sensors
- OFF: longest exposure times for films and phosphor
plates
8 Warning
9 Selection knob:
- Press and hold the knob to activate the exposure time
selector.
- Rotate the knob to select the exposure time.

CS 2100 User Guide (SM759)_Ed02 2–9

CS 2100 Unit Configurations

2–10 CS 2100 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

Chapter 3
CS 2100 RADIOLOGY PROCESS
Positioning
Positioning the Patient
To position the patient, you must have:

 The patient sit with the vertical sagittal plane.

 The patient’s head positioned as follows:
 For upper maxillary radiography, the Frankfort plane (nose-ear plane) must be
horizontal.
 For lower maxillary radiography, the occlusal plane must be horizontal.

90°

Positioning the X-Ray Generator

The scissor arm allows you to accurately position the generator for any type of exposure. The
beam-limiting device maintains a distance of at least 20 cm (8 in.) between the focal spot and the
skin, which allows you to use either the paralleling or the bisecting technique.

Paralleling technique
The positioning tool used in the paralleling technique allows you to align the beam and the imaging
receptor. An appropriate collimator reduces the dosage by limiting the surface exposure.

CS 2100 User Guide (SM759)_Ed02 3–1

Exposure

Bisecting technique
When using the bisecting technique, do not use a rectangular collimator. This limits the risk of
X-ray beam and image receptor misalignment.

90°

Positioning the Imaging Receptor

Using the CS 2100, you may create an X-ray image on one of the following imaging receptors:

 Conventional silver halide films, such as KODAK dental films.

 Digital sensors such as RVG sensors.
 Phosphor plate such as CS Imaging plates.
Placing the receptor correctly is critical. Check your own dental radiography manual for
information on how to place the imaging receptor correctly.

If you do not position the film or the sensor correctly, this results in errors on the radiography, such
as distorted teeth and roots, elongation, magnification, and/or overlapping contacts. The
paralleling technique generally reduces the risk of such errors. However, if you do not position the
system correctly, angulation errors can occur (angulation of the receptor to the tooth itself).

If the beam exit pattern is not aligned with the imaging receptor, then part of the radiography will
not be exposed to radiation and the final radiography will have some clear (unexposed) areas. This
defect is called “cone cuts".

The imaging receptor is marked to indicate the tube side. If the orientation is not correct, the
resulting radiography is lighter and may show artifacts, such as foil pattern or sensor cable.

Exposure
Exposure Parameters
Since each receptor (film, phosphor plate or digital sensor) has its own sensitivity to X-ray
radiation. the sensor choice impacts the exposure parameters. For instance, the sensitivity class
for conventional dental films is characterized with the letter D, E, or F where F is more sensitive
than E, and E more sensitive than D. Consequently, the required dose for the correct exposure
goes down as sensitivity increases.

Due to the different sensitivity of the digital sensors, you also need to adjust the exposure
parameters to the used sensor type (film or digital equipment).

The CS 2100 allows you to select the exposure times. The exposure times indicated in Tables 3-1
to 3-4 meet the manufacturer’s recommendations. Depending on the used sensor type, you can
change the mode by pressing and holding the selection knob for at least three seconds. To set the
exposure times, see the Preparing for Image Acquisition section.

3–2 CS 2100 RADIOLOGY PROCESS

 Exposure

Exposure Times
Exposure Times for Film
The indicated exposure times are given as a guideline.

Table 3–1 Exposure Times for Film

60 kV - 7 mA - Cone 20 cm (8 in.)
Maxillary Mandibular Bitewing Occlusal
Anterior Premolar Molar Anterior Premolar Molar Anterior Posterior
ULTRA- Child 0.250 0.320 0.400 0.200 0.250 0.250 0.200 0.250 0.500
SPEED
(D) Adult 0.400 0.500 0.630 0.320 0.400 0.400 0.320 0.400 0.630

INSIGHT Child 0.100 0.125 0.160 0.080 0.100 0.100 0.080 0.100 0.200
(F) Adult 0.160 0.200 0.250 0.125 0.160 0.160 0.125 0.160 0.250
Child 0.250 0.320 0.400 0.200 0.250 0.250 0.200 0.250 0.500
D-SPEED
Adult 0.400 0.500 0.630 0.320 0.400 0.400 0.320 0.400 0.630
Child 0.125 0.160 0.200 0.100 0.100 0.125 0.100 0.125 0.200
E-SPEED
Adult 0.200 0.250 0.250 0.160 0.160 0.200 0.160 0.200 0.320

Exposure Times for Phosphor Plates

The indicated exposure times are given as a guideline.

Table 3–2 Exposure Times for Phosphor Plates

60 kV - 7 mA - Cone 20 cm (8 in.)
Maxillary Mandibular Bitewing Occlusal
Anterior Premolar Molar Anterior Premolar Molar Anterior Posterior
Child 0.250 0.320 0.400 0.200 0.250 0.250 0.200 0.250 0.500
CR7400
Adult 0.400 0.500 0.630 0.320 0.400 0.400 0.320 0.400 0.630
Child 0.160 0.200 0.250 0.125 0.160 0.160 0.125 0.160 0.320
CS7600
Adult 0.250 0.320 0.400 0.200 0.250 0.250 0.200 0.250 0.500

CS 2100 User Guide (SM759)_Ed02 3–3

Exposure

Exposure Times for Digital Sensors

The indicated exposure times are given as a guideline.

Table 3–3 Exposure Times for Digital Sensors

60 kV - 7 mA - Cone 20 cm (8 in.)
Maxillary Mandibular Bitewing Occlusal
Anterior Premolar Molar Anterior Premolar Molar Anterior Posterior
Child 0.100 0.125 0.160 0.080 0.080 0.100 0.080 0.100 0.160
RVG 5100
Adult 0.160 0.160 0.200 0.125 0.125 0.160 0.125 0.160 0.250

RVG 5200 Child 0.100 0.125 0.160 0.080 0.080 0.100 0.080 0.100 0.160
(size 1& 2) Adult 0.160 0.160 0.200 0.125 0.125 0.160 0.125 0.160 0.250

RVG Child 0.100 0.125 0.160 0.080 0.080 0.100 0.080 0.100 0.160
Element
(size 1& 2) Adult 0.160 0.160 0.200 0.125 0.125 0.160 0.125 0.160 0.250

Child 0.100 0.125 0.160 0.080 0.080 0.100 0.080 0.100 0.160
RVG 5000
Adult 0.160 0.160 0.200 0.125 0.125 0.160 0.125 0.160 0.250

Child 0.100 0.125 0.160 0.080 0.080 0.100 0.080 0.100 0.160
RVG
Access
Adult 0.160 0.200 0.200 0.125 0.125 0.160 0.125 0.160 0.250

Child 0.080 0.100 0.125 0.063 0.080 0.080 0.063 0.080 0.125
RVG 6500
Adult 0.125 0.160 0.200 0.125 0.160 0.160 0.100 0.125 0.200

RVG 6100 Child 0.080 0.100 0.125 0.063 0.080 0.080 0.063 0.080 0.125
(size 1& 2) Adult 0.125 0.160 0.200 0.125 0.160 0.160 0.100 0.125 0.200

RVG 6200 Child 0.080 0.100 0.125 0.063 0.080 0.080 0.063 0.080 0.125
(size 1& 2) Adult 0.125 0.160 0.200 0.125 0.160 0.160 0.100 0.125 0.200

RVG Child 0.080 0.100 0.125 0.063 0.080 0.080 0.063 0.080 0.125
Exclusive
(size 1& 2) Adult 0.125 0.160 0.200 0.125 0.160 0.160 0.100 0.125 0.200

Child 0.080 0.100 0.125 0.063 0.080 0.080 0.063 0.080 0.125
RVG 6000
Adult 0.125 0.160 0.200 0.125 0.160 0.160 0.100 0.125 0.200

TROPHY Child 0.080 0.100 0.125 0.063 0.080 0.080 0.063 0.080 0.125
RVG
Ultimate Adult 0.125 0.160 0.200 0.100 0.100 0.125 0.100 0.125 0.200

TROPHY Child 0.080 0.100 0.125 0.063 0.063 0.080 0.063 0.080 0.125
RVG
Reference
High
Resolution Adult 0.125 0.160 0.160 0.100 0.100 0.125 0.100 0.125 0.200
mode

TROPHY Child 0.080 0.100 0.125 0.063 0.063 0.080 0.063 0.080 0.125
RVGui High
Resolution
mode Adult 0.125 0.160 0.160 0.100 0.100 0.125 0.100 0.125 0.200

3–4 CS 2100 RADIOLOGY PROCESS

 Exposure

TROPHY Child 0.020 0.025 0.032 0.016 0.020 0.020 0.016 0.020 0.040
RVG
Reference
High
Sensitive Adult 0.032 0.040 0.050 0.025 0.032 0.032 0.025 0.032 0.050
mode

TROPHY
RVGui High Child 0.020 0.025 0.032 0.016 0.020 0.020 0.016 0.020 0.040
Sensitive
mode

Adult 0.032 0.040 0.050 0.025 0.032 0.032 0.025 0.032 0.050

Child 0.040 0.050 0.063 0.032 0.040 0.040 0.032 0.040 0.080
TROPHY
RVG THD
Adult 0.063 0.080 0.100 0.050 0.063 0.063 0.050 0.063 0.100

RVG 6100 Child 0.040 0.050 0.063 0.032 0.040 0.040 0.032 0.040 0.080
size 0 Adult 0.063 0.080 0.100 0.050 0.063 0.063 0.050 0.063 0.100

The following table is a template that you may fill in according to your specific conditions.

Table 3–4 Customized Table for Exposure Times

60 kV - 7 mA - Cone 20 cm (8 in.)
Maxillary Mandibular Bitewing Occlusal
Anterior Premolar Molar Anterior Premolar Molar Anterior Posterior
Child
Adult
Child
Adult

Emitted Doses
To obtain the dose in mGy.cm2, multiply the values listed in Table 3-5 by the exposure surface. The
exposure surface depends on the used collimator type as indicated in Table 3-6.

Table 3–5 Measured Dose at the End of the 20 cm (8 in.) Cone

60 kV - 7 mA

t (s) D (mGy) t (s) D (mGy)

0.010 0.06 0.200 1.22
0.013 0.08 0.250 1.52
0.016 0.10 0.320 1.95
0.020 0.12 0.400 2.44
0.025 0.15 0.500 3.05
0.032 0.19 0.630 3.84

CS 2100 User Guide (SM759)_Ed02 3–5

Exposure

60 kV - 7 mA

t (s) D (mGy) t (s) D (mGy)

0.040 0.24 0.800 4.87
0.050 0.30 1.000 6.09
0.063 0.38 1.250 7.61
0.080 0.49 1.600 9.74
0.100 0.61 2.000 12.18
0.125 0.76 2.500 15.23
0.160 0.97

NOTE
Dose accuracy: +/- 30% (mGy)

Table 3–6 Exposure Surface versus Collimator Type

Collimator Format Used with films Exposure surface

type (cm) (cm) (cm2)
A 1.9 x 2.4 - 4.6
B 2.3 x 3.5 Size 0: 2.2 x 3.5 8.3
Size 1: 2.4 x 4.0
C 3.1 x 3.9 12.1
Size 2: 3.1 x 4.1

Standard Size 3: 2.7 x 5.4

cone 6.0 cm diameter 28.3
Size 4: 5.7 x 7.6

Film Processing
When using films, you must process the film according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Process
the film under safelight conditions manually or using an automatic processor.

If you use an automatic processor, see the processor’s manual. Check that the processor
maintenance is performed regularly.

If you process the film manually, follow precisely the manufacturer’s recommendations for solution
preparation, processing time, and solution temperature for both the developer and the fixer baths.
Any deviation from the manufacturer’s recommendations (such as a solution that would be too
concentrated or diluted, too hot or cold, or if the film processing duration is incorrect) will impact
the final radiography quality.

Before archiving, do not forget to wash the film correctly and to dry it in a clean place.

3–6 CS 2100 RADIOLOGY PROCESS

Chapter 4
ACQUIRING AN IMAGE
This chapter describes the various tasks that you must perform for image acquisition. To acquire an
image, you can use conventional films or digital receptors.

If necessary, for example after a long inactivity period of the CS 2100 system, we recommend to
start with the tube seasoning procedure. For more information, see the Tube Seasoning
Procedure.

Preparing for Image Acquisition

To prepare for image acquisition, follow these steps:

1. Switch ON the unit.

The green ON/OFF button indicator lights up.

When you switch ON the unit, a self-test starts automatically. It checks the display. When the test
is completed, a short beep sounds. If an error occurs, an error code appears. For error messages,
see the Troubleshooting section.

2. Select the exposure mode (film or digital) by pressing and holding for at least three
seconds until the correct mode is displayed. The indicator lights up if you use a digital sensor
whereas it is OFF if you use a film.

NOTE
Depending on your local regulations, you may disable this function. See the User
Mode section.

3. Turn to select the exposure time.

For more information on exposure times, see Tables 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, and 3-4.

NOTE
- Exposure time ranging from 0.05 to 1.25 s (exposure selector off): if you use a
film or a storage phosphor plate.

- Exposure time ranging from 0.010 to 0.063 s (exposure selector lit): if you use a
digital sensor.

The unit is now ready for acquisition.

IMPORTANT
The operator must instruct the patient to refrain from moving during the
entire exposure.

CS 2100 User Guide (SM759)_Ed02 4–1

Launching the X-Ray

Launching the X-Ray

To launch the X-ray, follow these steps:

WARNING

Be careful not to be exposed to ionizing radiation

1. Press from the control timer unit or from the X-ray exposure switch.

The X-ray emission indicator lights up and a beep is heard.

2. Keep pressing until the X-ray emission indicator is OFF and the beep stops.

During the X-ray emission, the exposure time counts off on the display.

CAUTION
If you release the button before the end of the X-ray, a manipulator alarm
(E01) is enabled.

This indicates that the X-ray emission was aborted prematurely. There is an
underexposure risk. Depending on the remaining time, you can decide to
process the image or start a new image acquisition.

To stop the alarm, press on from the control timer unit.

When the acquisition is completed, the emitted dose is displayed in mGy. The “mGy” indicator
lights up. For information on the emitted doses based on the exposure times, see Table 3-5.
The latest parameter settings are kept until a new image acquisition is performed.

3. Press on shortly to change from mGy to exposure time display.

4–2 ACQUIRING AN IMAGE

Chapter 5
USER MODE
This chapter describes the various settings that you can select for the different pre-set modes. The
user mode also allows you to validate specific local requirements for some countries.

Parameters
Table 5–1 Parameters Available through the User Mode

Number Parameters Choice

P 01 Digital receptor ON/OFF (needed for correct emitted dose display)
P 05 Tube seasoning procedure Switches from OFF to ON
ON: Disables the X-ray emission
P 06 Show mode
OFF (default value): Enables the X-ray emission

Entering the User Mode

To enter the user mode, follow these steps:

1. Switch ON the unit.

The self-test is enabled. While the self-test is in progress, the software information (for
example, F718 x.x) is displayed.

2. Once F718 x.x is displayed, press shortly on from the control timer unit.

You access the menu, when "USER" is displayed. The display intermittently shows the first
parameter (P 01) and its setting (for example, "ON").

3. To switch from one parameter to the other, turn in any direction.

Modifying Parameters
To modify parameters, follow these steps:

1. Turn to select the parameter to modify.

2. Press on until "EDIT" is displayed and a beep is heard.

The parameter value starts blinking.

CS 2100 User Guide (SM759)_Ed02 5–1

Exiting the User Mode

3. Turn to change the parameter value.

4. To validate, press and hold for at least 3 seconds until "COPY" is displayed and a
beep is heard.

5. To keep the initial value, press on shortly. "ABOR" is displayed. The system returns to
the parameter/program mode.

Exiting the User Mode

To exit the user mode, press on shortly. “QUIT” is displayed until the system returns to the
operational mode. The self-test continues until it is completed.

Performing a Tube Seasoning

Automatic Tube Seasoning
This procedure allows for a progressive warm-up of the X-ray tube. It must be performed at unit
installation and when replacing the tube head. It must also be performed, for instance, after 3
weeks of equipment inactivity. It lasts around three minutes.

To perform an automatic tube seasoning, follow these steps:

1 Go to the User Mode menu and change parameter P 05 from OFF to ON.
The self-test continues. After the self-test is completed, I 02 is displayed. This message means
that the seasoning process must be started.

2 Press on .

The display blinks. The sequence step number and the required exposure settings (kV, time)
are displayed alternatively.

3 Stand behind the generator.

4. Launch an X-ray.

WARNING

Be careful not to be exposed to ionizing radiation

When the exposure is completed, the display blinks. The cooling error code (I 01) and the
remaining time required before the next step are displayed alternatively.

5–2 USER MODE

 Performing a Tube Seasoning

When the cooling cycle is completed, the display blinks. The next step number and its
exposure settings are displayed alternatively.

5 Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the end of the sequence.

Your system is ready.

Manual Tube Seasoning

To perform a manual tube seasoning, follow these steps:

1 Select the following series of parameter settings: 60 kV - 7 mA - 0.1 s. Launch an X-ray.

2. Select the following series of parameter settings: 60 kV - 7 mA - 0.5 s. Launch an X-ray.

3. Select the following series of parameter settings: 60 kV - 7 mA - 1 s. Launch an X-ray.

4. Select the following series of parameter settings: 60 kV - 7 mA - 1 s. Launch an X-ray.

IMPORTANT
If you receive error messages while you carry out the procedures, switch
OFF and ON the unit and do all the procedures again.

If the error messages persists, contact your representative.

CS 2100 User Guide (SM759)_Ed02 5–3

Performing a Tube Seasoning

5–4 USER MODE

Chapter 6
TROUBLESHOOTING
Occasionally, malfunctions can occur during use in the event of an incorrect action or failure. The
quick troubleshooting, the Information “Ixx” and Error message “Exx” guide you through the actions
you need to take to correct the malfunction.

IMPORTANT
If the malfunction persists or more serious conditions occur, switch OFF the
unit power supply and contact your representative.

When you call your representative, you must have the following information ready:

 Model Number: CS 2100

 Serial Number (on the labels)
 Error Code Number: Exx.

Quick Troubleshooting
Quick troubleshooting guides you through the actions you need to take to correct the
malfunctions.

The following table lists the malfunctions and the actions to take.

Malfunction Possible Cause Action

The unit power switch is
Switch ON the unit.
OFF.
Nothing lights up
The unit is disconnected. Connect the unit power supply cable.
The circuit breaker is OFF. Turn ON the circuit breaker.
The control unit is defective or Call your representative.
Control unit doesn't light up.
disconnected.
Wait until the I01message is no longer
The generator is cooling
displayed.
No X-ray emission
The X-ray exposure button is
Call your representative.
defective.

CS 2100 User Guide (SM759)_Ed02 6–1

Quick Troubleshooting

Malfunction Possible Cause Action

The generator is not
Adjust the generator position
positioned correctly.
The exposure time is too short. Increase the exposure time.
The development time is too Increase the development time (See
short. the manufacturer’s instructions).
The developer is too cold. Heat the developer
The X-ray emission works, but
the exposure is too light or The developer is too old or
Replace with a new developer
completely white. diluted.
The exposure time mode is not Check your exposure settings (See the
correctly selected exposure procedure).
The receptor is not correctly
Reposition the receptor.
positioned.
The unit is not correctly
Call your representative.
installed.
The exposure time is too long. Reduce the exposure time.
The development time is too Reduce the development time (See the
long. manufacturer’s instructions).
The X-ray emission works but The developer is too hot. Cool the developer
exposure is too dark.
The developer is too Adjust the concentration or change
concentrated. developer.
The exposure time mode is not Check your exposure settings (See the
correctly selected. exposure procedure).

6–2 TROUBLESHOOTING
 Information Messages

Information Messages
An information “I” error code with a message appears on the display.

The following table lists the information messages and the actions to take.

Table 1 Information Messages

Possible Cause Action

Information Code

Cooling cycle: this message can appear Do not switch OFF the equipment.
I 01 during intensive use period.
The information message disappears
as soon as the system reaches a
satisfactory temperature.

I 02 Request for X-ray tube seasoning. See the User Mode section.

IMPORTANT
If you switch OFF the system, the microprocessor does not calculate
the cooling time.
For safety reasons, it considers that the system has not gone through
the cooling cycle.

CS 2100 User Guide (SM759)_Ed02 6–3

Error Messages

Error Messages
The following table lists the error messages and the actions to take.

Table 2 Error Messages

Error Possible Cause Action

Message
E01 + audible The radiography control button was released Quickly press on the selection knob
alarm before the exposure end. The display indicates to stop the alarm.
the remaining exposure time. Based on this time,
you must decide whether to develop the film or
make another exposure.

E02 to E54 A component of your device may be faulty Switch OFF, then restart the system.
If the problem persists, contact your
representative.

6–4 TROUBLESHOOTING
Chapter 7
MAINTENANCE
This chapter describes the maintenance tasks you must perform for your CS 2100.

Quarterly
Generator
Check that:

 The certification label is legible.

 No oil leaks.

Mechanical support
Check that:

 The wall framework is securely attached to the wall.

 All labels are legible.
 The scissor arm is not worn out or damaged and is stable in all positions.
 The scissor arm plastic covers are firmly in place.

Control timer unit and electrical installation

Check that:

 The symbols are legible.

 The control timer unit and the power supply cables are in good condition.
 The X-ray exposure button returns to its initial position after use.

Operation
WARNING

Be careful not to be exposed to ionizing radiation

Check that:

 The audible signal is heard and the X-ray emission indicator is visible when you launch an
X-ray (exposure time: 0.1 sec).

 The “E01” message is displayed when you launch an X-ray (exposure time:1.0 sec) and
you release the control button before the exposure end.

Control timer unit self-test

To enable the self-test, you must switch ON the CS 2100 system.

 The self-test starts with a simultaneous display and alarm light test.

CS 2100 User Guide (SM759)_Ed02 7–1

Annually

 Then, the system test starts. After the test is completed (indicated by a short beep), the
firmware version and the total number of exposures (divided by 10) performed by the unit
since first installation are displayed.

 If the test fails, an error message is displayed.

IMPORTANT
If a check result is not satisfactory, stop using the equipment and
contact your representative.

Annually
We recommend that an electrical, mechanical and dosimetric inspection of the unit be carried out
by an authorized service technician provided by your representative.

Cleaning and Disinfecting the CS 2100

IMPORTANT
You must first clean the system before disinfection.

To clean the system, follow these steps:

1 Clean the outside of the equipment with a damp paper towel or a soft cloth using an
alcohol-based, non-corrosive cleaner.
2 Wipe off surfaces with either an intermediate disinfectant or a low-level disinfectant.

CAUTION
Liquids must not drip into the equipment.
Do not spray cleaner or disinfectant directly on the equipment.
Follow the manufacturer’s safety recommendations when using a
cleaner or a disinfectant.

7–2 MAINTENANCE
Chapter 8
CONTACT INFORMATION
Manufacturer’s Address

Carestream Health, Inc.

150 Verona Street
Rochester, NY 14608, USA

Authorized Representatives
Authorized Representative in the European Community
EC REP

TROPHY
4, Rue F. Pelloutier, Croissy-Beaubourg
77435 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France

Representante no Brasil Carestream do Brasil Comércio e Serviços de Produtos

MédicosLtda.
Rua Pequetita, 215 cjs.
31 E 32 Edifício Atrium VII - Vila Olímpia
São Paulo - Brazil
CEP (Zip code): 04552-060

CS 2200 User Guide (SM761)_Ed02 8–1

Authorized Representatives

8–2 CONTACT INFORMATION