FINAL LAB REPORT
Laboratory Activity 6:
Properties of Metals
Group 1 – T1B
Dimayuga, Raphael
Cabinian, Darren
Submitted on:
December 13, 2018
Submitted to:
Ms. Abril
I. Introduction
In science, a metal is a component that promptly shapes
positive particles (cations) and has metallic bonds. Metallic bonding is
regularly alluded to as the ocean of electrons display, in which the valence
electrons of metal molecules are delocalized and move uninhibitedly all
through the strong instead of held by an explicit iota. This model records for a
few watched properties of metal, for example, flexibility, malleability and
conductivity.
Metals share numerous qualities, yet they don't have a similar
reactivity. A few metals don't respond at all with different metals, and can be
found in an unadulterated shape. Different metals are exceedingly receptive and
join effectively with different components, for example, oxygen.
5 Groups of metals
1. Alkali Metals or Group IA elements
2. Alkaline Earth Metals or Group IIA
3. Noble Metals
4. Transition Metals
5. Poor Metals
In this experiment, a portion of the properties and reactivity of
metals will be watched. This conducted experiment enables the students
to rank the metals from most receptive to slightest responsive.
II. Objectives
This laboratory experiment aims to:
1. To identify and understand the properties of different metals.
2. To test and observe the reactivity of different metals and rank them from
most reactive to least reactive.
3. To determine the effect of heat treatment on metals.
III. Materials
Materials Metals
Reagents
Test tubes Aluminum (Al) Lithium chloride (LiCl) Copper (II) nitrate
(Cu(NO ) ), 3 2
Burner Copper (Cu) Sodium chloride(NaCl), Ferric nitrate (Fe(NO ) )3 3
Stirring rod Iron (Fe) Potassium Lead (II)nitrate (Pb(NO ) )3 2
chloride(KCl),
Beaker Magnesium Calcium chloride (CaCl ) Magnesium sulfate(MgSO ),
2 4
(Mg)
Tongs Zinc (Zn) Barium chloride (BaCl )2
Aluminum chloride (AlCl ) 3
Paper Hydrochloric acid
clips Lead (Pb)
Steel wool
IV. Data and Results
A. Flame Tests of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals
Metals solutions Observations
LiCl Red Color
NaCl Orange Color
KCl Light Orange Color
CaCl 2 Red Orange Color
BaCl 2 Yellow Color
B. Physical properties of metals
Luster Electrical Conductivity Malleability Ductility
Al ✔ 10 ✖ ✖
Cu ✔ 7 ✔ ✔
Fe ✔ 10 ✖ ✖
Mg ✔ 10 ✔ ✔
Zn ✔ 10 ✔ ✔
Pb ✖ 10 ✔ ✖
C. Reactivity with Acid
Metals: Observations:
1. Al No reaction
2. Cu No reaction
3. Fe Started to react after 1 second, and become yellowish
4. Mg Started to react after 1 second and dissolved after 4 minutes
5. Zn Started to react after 1 second
6. Pb Started to react after 9 minutes and became greenish
Discussion of Results:
I. In this experiment, we observed that the metal solutions (LiCl, NaCl, KCl,
CaCl2, BaCl2) vary/differ in colors such as red for LiCl, orange for NaCl, light
orange for KCl, red orange for CaCl2, and yellow for BaCl2.
II. In this part, we observed that the metals we used (Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, Zn, Pb)
are luster except Pb while in electrical conductivity, all have the same value
except the Cu. In the malleability of the metals, we saw that the Al and Fe are the
only rigid in the group and for the ductility, we saw that the Al, Fe and Pb are the
only inflexible in the group of metals we tested.
III. For this part of the experiment, our observations for the acid reactivity of
metals (Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, Zn, Pb) are different from each other metal’s acid
reactivity except for the Al and Cu because they had no reaction when they were
under the acid. For the Fe, Mg, they reacted after it was put in the acid but they
differ in the results of reaction as we observed it for about 10 minutes. The Fe
became yellowish in color while the Mg dissolved after 4 minutes. For Zn, it only
reacted after 1 second but nothing happened after a minute of being under the
acid. Lastly, the Pb, it was the slowest to react for it started to react after 9
minutes and became greenish.
IV. In ranking the metals (Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, Pb) of their reactivity from highest to
lowest, we had observed that the most reactive metal was the Mg, secondly is
the Al while the third in the given metals were Fe. The fourth is the Pb and the
last or the fifth was the Cu.
V. In this part of the experiment, we had observed that the effects of the heat
treatment on metals boosts their flexibility and toughness. We used paper clips in
doing this experiment and for the first trial, we bent the clip back and forth without
any heat treatment and we finally broke it after 9 bends. In the second clip, we
heated it until it became red then we wait until it cooled after bending it. Doing the
same as in the first clip, we broke the second clip after 13 bends. And for the
third clip, we also heated it until it became red but this time, after we heated it, we
soaked it in a cool water then started to bend it. After 23 bends, the third clip
broke.
D. Ranking some metals in order of reactivity
AlCl 3 Cu(NO ) 3 2 Fe(NO ) 3 3 MgSO 4 Pb(NO ) 3 2
Al (3)Bubbles (1) Has no (4)Has no (2)
reaction reaction
Cu (1) (3) Changes (4) Solution (2)Has no
in color of is more reaction
iron turbid
Fe Has no Changes in color ✖ Blacken
reaction
Mg (2) Bubbles (1) (3) (4) Has no
reaction
Pb (1) Changes (4) (2) (3) Has no
in color of Bubbles/Blacken reaction
iron
E. Effect of heat treatment on metals
Observations
1st clip 9 back & forth
2nd clip 13 back & forth
3rd clip 23 back & forth
V. Conclusion:
We therefore conclude that not all metals are luster, ductile, malleable and
has electric conductivity. We also found out that metals have different
characteristics that enables them to be more reactive, hard, flexible, etc.
VI. References
College of DuPage (n.d.).Activity series. Retrieved from Ong, Z. (2015, July 26). Why are
metals shiny? Its all about electrons. Retrieved from
https://itsnotwhatitswhy.wordpress.com/2015/07/26/why-are-metals-shiny/
http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/jarman/richenda/1551_hons_materials/Activity series.html
https://chem.libretexts.org/Textbook_Maps/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_Chemistry_-
_The_Central_Science_(Brown_et_al.)/07._Periodic_Properties_of_the_Element
s/7.6%3A_Metals%2C_Nonmetals%2C_and_Metalloids
