Let A = {a, b, c, d} , B={1, 2, 3} and c={ x, y, z } (10 pts.

a. A ×B = {(a,1), (a,2), (a,3), (b,1), (b,2), (b,3), (c,1), (c,2), (c,3), (d,1), (d,2), (d,3)}

b. C×C = {(x, x), (x, y), (x, z), (y, x), (y, y), (y, z), (z, x), (z, y), (z, z)}

c. ( A∪B)×C = {(a,x), (a,y), (a,z),(b,x), (b,y), (b,z), (c,x), (c,y), (c,z), (d,x), (d,y), (d,z), (1,x),
(1,y), (1,z), (2,x), (2,y), (2,z), (3,x), (3,y), (3,z)}

d. ( A×B)∪(A×C) = {(a, 1) (a, 2), (a, 3), (b, 1), (b, 2), (b, 3), (c, 1), (c, 2), (c,3), (d, 1), (d, 2),

(d, 3), (a,x), (a,y), (a,z), (b,x), (b,y), (b,z), (c,x), (c,y), (c,z), (d,x), (d,y), (d,z)}

e. ( A∪B)×(B∪C) = {(a,1), (a,2), (a,3), (a,x), (a,y), (a,z), (b,1), (b,2), (b,3), (b,x), (b,y), (b,z),
(c,1), (c,2), (c,3), (c,x), (c,y), (c,z), (d,1), (d,2), (d,3), (d,x), (d,y), (d,z), (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,x), (1,y),
(1,z), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,x), (2,y), (2,z), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,x), (3,y), (3,z)}

6. Determine whether the set of REAL NUMBERS is binary operation under addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division and exponential. Justify your answer. (5 pts.)

set of real numbers

Addition Subtraction Division Multiplication Exponential
YES YES NO YES YES
5 7 29 −3 −5 21 3÷0= −2×−5=10 1
+ =
6 9 18 8
+
7
=
56 undefined 3 2 = 1.7320…

1. The square of an odd number.

INDUCTIVE DEDUCTIVE

32 = 9
52 = 25 Let 2x be any odd integer
72 = 49 x² = odd number
92 = 81 Given these equations, the square of an odd number is an odd
The square of an odd number is number. Therefore, the square of an even number will always
always odd result in an odd positive integer.

2. The sum of two consecutive numbers.

INDUCTIVE DEDUCTIVE

1+2=3 Given these equations, the sum of two consecutive numbers is

3+4=7 equals to odd number. Therefore, the sum of two consecutive
5+6=11 numbers is always result in an odd number.
 Or
Let n be an integer , n ∈ Z
6+7=13 Let n + 1 be an integer, m ∈ Z
7+8=15 n+n+1
-9 + (-10) = -19 = 2n +1 is an odd integer

11. Consider the number A = 1234567891011121314…..99 where the integers 1, 2, 3 until 99 are
concatenated to form the big number. Find the sum of the digits of A. (10 pts.)
n+1
sn = n ( )
2
sn = sum of series

n = total term

d = common difference

99+1
so, sn = 99 ( )
2
99 x 100
=
2
= 4,950

12. Consider the operation (#) for all real numbers which is defined as follows: for real numbers a
and b , a ¿b=a2−ab+b2 . For example, we have 2 ¿3=22−2(3)+32=7 . Find all real values
x that satisfy the following equality: (10 pts.)

ADDITION SUBTRACTION MULTIPLICATION DIVISION

Let x be any odd number = (5 + 5) + 1 = 5 + (5 + = (5 - 5 ) - 1 = 5 - (5 - 1) = (5 * 5) * 1 = 5 * 5 5
X= 5
1)
= 10 + 1 = 6 + 5
= -1 = -1 (5 * 1)
= 25 * 1 = 5 * 5
5
÷ 1=5 ÷()1
= 11 = 11 = 25 = 25 = 1÷ 1 =5÷5
=1=1
Let x be any even number = (2 + 2) + 1 = 2 + (2 + = (2 - 2 ) - 1 = 2 - (2 - 1) = (2 * 2) * 1 = 2 * 2 2
X= 2 1)
=4+1=2+3
= -1 = -1 (2 * 1)
=4*1=2*2
2
÷ 1=2 ÷()
1
=5=5 =4=4 = 1÷ 1 =2÷2
=1=1
Let x be any negative = (-3 + -3) + 1 = -3 + (- = (-3 – (- 3) ) - 1 = -3 – = (-3 * -3) * 1 = -3 * −3 −3
number
X= -3
3 + 1)
= -5 = -5
(- 3 - 1)
= -1 = 1 (not)
(-3 * 1)
= 9 * 1 = -3 * -3
−3
÷ 1=−3 ÷ ( )
1
=9=9 = 1 ÷ 1 = −3 ÷−3
=1=1
Let x be any positive = (6 + 6) + 1 = 6 + (6+ = (6 - 6 ) - 1 = 6 - (6 - 1) = (6 * 6) * 1 = 6 * 6 6
number
X= 6
1)
= 12 + 1 = 6 + 7
= -1 = -1 (6 * 1)
= 36 * 1 = 6 * 6
6
÷ 1=6 ÷()
1
= 1÷ 1 =6÷6
 = 13 = 13 = 36 = 36 =1=1

( 12 + 12 )+1 = 12 +¿ = ( 12 − 12 )−1 = 12 −¿ ( 12 ÷ 12 )÷ 1 =
Let x be any positive 1
fraction
X= 1/2
=
+ 1)
=2=2
- 1)
= -1 = 1 (not)
( )
= 2

1 1
∗1
2
1
= ∗¿ * 1)
∗1 2
=
1
2
÷ ¿ ÷ 1)
= = =1=1
4 4
Let x be 0 = (0 + 0) + 1 = 0 + (0 + = (0 - 0 ) - 1 = 0 - (0 - 1) = (0 * 0) * 1 = 0 * = undefined
X= 0 1) = -1 = -1 (0 * 1)
=0+1=0+1 =0*1=0*1
=1=1 =0=0