PLANNING PRINCIPLES

1. Retail shops
2. Departmental Stores

3. FOODCOURT,CAFÉ AND RESTAURANT

4. Entertainment Avenues

5. Office

6. Services

7. Parking

8. Requirements for differently abled

Straightplan PathwayplanDiagonalplan

Mixedplan
Curvedplan Geometricplan

•12to15ft.wideby50to60ft.longinlargecities;
•15to18ft.wideby60to80ft.longinsmallercities

•Groundfloorsarepreferablyapproximately12ft.high•Ge
neralsizeoftheshopsare:
•12’-
19’wideminimum•23’-
30’widemaximum
•floorheight:•8’-
9’incaseofthebasement•12’incaseofthegroun
dfloor
•Ifthereisamezzanine,atleast7’-6’’abovefloorlevelisrequired.
2. Departmental Stores
•

Adepartmentstoreisaretailestablishmentofferingawide
rangeofconsumergoodsindifferentproductcategoriesk
nownas"departments“
•

topselfshouldnotbeover1.8mhigh,permittinganangle
ofviewnotmorethan15degreeabovethehorizontal
•

toreachzonestartsatabout0.3mabovethefloor,theminim
umheightofthebottomshelf
•

possibleroomsupto25ftwideshouldbefreeofcolu
mns.

minimumheightsofspaces
•

FOODCOURT,CAFEANDR
ESTAURANT
Foodstorage20%•
preparation14%•c
ooking8%
•baking10%
•warewashing5%•Trafficaisles18%•tras
hstorage5%•employeefacilities15 1.Structuralcolumnsinadiningrooma
%•Miscellaneous2% rebestlocatedatthemiddleofagro
upoftablesoratthecornerofthetab
le.
2.Theceilingheightofthediningarea
shouldrelatetothefloorarea;≤50
m2,2.5m;>50m2,2.75m;>100m
2,≥3.0m.
3.Minimumwidthofserviceaisle0.9-
1.35mifusedbothbytrolleysand
guests
4.Diningareaperseat:1.5-
2.15m2.5.Kitchenareaperseat:0.4-
0.6m2.
6.Ratioofserviceareatototalarea:¼-1/2.
7.Netkitchenarea:15-25%.
8.Kitchenareaisdividedintodryandwash-
upareas.
Lightinginkitchen:215lux(minimum)Th
eminimumwidthofescaperoutes:1.0mf
or150people
EntertainmentAvenues•
Movietheater
•Gameparlor
Projectionroom:
Theusualcoderequirementsare48sq.ftforthefirstprojec
tionmachineand24sqftforeachadditionalprojector.The
projectorshouldbe2mabovethelastseating.

Seatingarrangement
Seatingareasofcinemashouldbewithin0.85-
1.05m2perperson.Seatwidthvariesbetween500and750mm.Thespacin
gbetweentheendofthechairandthefrontoftheothershouldnotbelessthan
45cm.Thedistancefrombacktobackofseatsshouldbeminimum900mm
althoughupto1.2misoftenusedformaximumlegroomandcomfort.Thef
loorgradientisachievedbyaninclinationofupto10%orbytheuseofsteps
withmaximumstepheight16cm.
Lineofsight.
Theviewinganglefromthefirstrowofseattothecenterofthescreens
houldnotexceed30degrees.Theviewinganglefromthelastrowofse
attothecenterofthescreenshouldnot

Ventilation
exceed38degreesminimumof1000cubicfeetfreshairperhourshouldbeprovidedfor
everymemberoftheaudience.Presentdaypracticeis1250-
1300cubicfeet.

Sound
Theloudspeakersshouldbedistributedaroundtheauditoriumsothatthevo
lumedifferencebetweenthefirstandthelastrowdonotexceed4db
 Office
• .Ingeneralofficebuildingtendtofallintothreecategories:closedplan,openpl
anandmodifiedplan.Selectioncriteriainclude
• Theamountofplanningflexibilitiesrequired
• Theamountofvisualandacousticprivacyrequired•
Initialandlifecyclecosts
Floorarearequirement
Officearearequirementsarecalculatedintwoparts:
1.Peoplespaceiscalculatedas(standardindividualspacexnumbersofpeople)
+allowancesforimmediateancillaryneeds+afactor(usually15%)forprimarycircula
tion.
2.Non-
peoplespaceshouldbecalculatedbyestimatesbasedonpractice+anadditionalfacto
rforprimarycirculation.
Arepresentativecalculationofthespacerequirementforaworkstationisasfollows:
Thefollowingfloortoceilingheightsarerecommendedforfloorareasof:

Worksroom,min 8m2floorarea
Freecirculationspace,min 1.5m2perperson,butmin1mwide
Surroundingvolumeofair,min 12m3whenmostworkisdonewhileseated
15m3whenmostworkdonenotseatedUpt
o50m2 2.5
Over50m2

2.75mOver100m2

3mOver250&upto2000m2 3.25m

•The5’x5’officeplanningmoduleiscommonlyused Fig:Planningmoduleforlayoutofgeneraloffic
anditisthebasisforsizingmostpartition.Themodul espaces
e4’x4’and6’x6’alsocanbeused.
Fig:Privateofficewidthsusingamoduleof4ft.to5ft.withco
ntinuouswindows
Parking;
The90°parkingismoreeconomicalinspa
cerequirement(20-
22m²percar),45°parking(23-
26m²percar)canbemoreconvenient.O
pencarparksorbasementcarparksared
esignfortheofficecomplexwhichalsow
orksintown-
centreparking,touristsites,supermarke
tsandmultiplexcinemas.
Services
Theratiooffittingsinmaleandfemaletoiletsshallbe3:5,forexample,1WCand2
Urinalsformale:5WC.sforfemale.
Thereshouldbeatleasta900mmclearanceinfrontoftheurinaltoanywall,fixtureor
door.Urinalsshouldbeseparatedbymodestyboardsofnotlessthan300mm
x1800mm(Height)toactasavisualbarrierbetweenurinals.
WashBasins
Washbasinsshouldbesubstantialinsize.Thebasinsshouldhaveaminimum
sizeof500mminlengthand400mminwidth.

WaterClosets(WCs)
AWCshouldnotbesetcloserthan450mmfr
omitscentertoanysidewall,partition,vani
tyorotherobstruction.Thereshouldbeatle
asta900mmclearanceinfrontoftheWCtoa
nywall,fixtureordoor.Supplyapredetermi
nedquantityofnotmorethan4.5litersofwa
terperflushaftereachuse.
 Designstandardfordifferentlyabled
Ramps
Minimumgradientof1:8[7degrees]forthedifferenceinheightnotm
orethan450mm
Minimumgradientof1:12[5degrees]forthedifferenceinheightmor
ethan450mm
Shallhavelevelplatformsforevery1.5mofverticalrise.Thelevelpla
tformshallnotbelessthan1.2minlengthandthesamewidthastheram
p.
Minimumwidthoframpshallbe1m.Op
enings
Shallhaveflushthresholdoratmaximumthresholdlimitshallnotex
ceed12mm
Minimumclearwidthinopenings:800mm
Minimumclearwidthinmainopenings900mm
Handrailsshallbeprovidediftotalriseexceeds1mandshouldbepos
itionedbetween850mmand1mabovethesurfaceofsuchramp.
EmergencyServices:
•Themaximumnumberofliftsinonerowforaliftbank=4.
•Awallof2hfireratingshallseparateindividualshaftsinabank.
•Collapsiblegatesshallnotbepermittedfortheliftsandshallhavesoliddo
orswithfireresistanceofatleast1h.
•Liftsshaftsshallhaveaventatthetopofareanotlessthan0.2mts.Horizont
alEscapeRoutes:
•18minonedirectionand45minother.Maxi
mumnumberofsteps=15steps
Minimum=3stepsaccessofthetheatreintheupperstoreyshouldhaveatl
easttwoindependentstairsoffire-proofconstruction.