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Packaging
z The physical container or
Introduction to
wrapping for a product.
Food Packaging
Assoc. Prof. Pham Van Hung
Department of Food Technology
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Why does food need packaging? Why does food need packaging?
• Customers always demand high quality of food products: tasty,
Food comes in all nutritious, and healthy.
types of shapes • If the packaging is not adequate => these qualities of the
and sizes. food reduce
• Adequate packaging can provide barriers for:
When it is – oxygen and carbon dioxide (MAP gas):
bought in • inhibiting growth of unwanted microorganisms:
shops it needs – moulds (quality + possible health hazard)
transporting – aerobic spoilage bacteria
home! – light (+ oxygen)
• inhibiting breakdown of pigments, antioxidants and vitamins
• inhibiting rancidity of fats (sensory changes + health
effects?)
– contaminants: water, dust, bad odor, temperature, ...
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Factors affecting product quality Factors affecting product quality
z Intrinsic factors z Extrinsic factors are result of environment
z Water activity
z PH/total acidity z Time-temperature profile during processing
z Natural microflora and surviving microbiological z Temperature control during storage and distribution
counts
z Availability of oxygen z Relative humidity during storage and distribution
z Redox potential
z Natural biochemistry/chemistry of the product z Composition of gas atmosphere within packaging
z Added preservatives
z Consumer handling
z Product formulation
z Packaging interactions Product packaging can have significant effects on many of these extrinsic factors
Selection of raw materials is important for controlling intrinsic factors 5
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What does packaging do? Functions of Packaging
z Containment: Form and nature of product
Purpose of traditionally packaging:
z Protection: hazard of distribution
- to contain some foods such as
liquids. z Preservation: Chemical, Biochemical changes and
- to transport food microbiological spoilage
- to store it z Information about the product
Today, due to the way we shop, z Convenience
packaging purpose also: z Presentation: material type, shape, color,…
- prevents tampering z Environmental responsibility
- provides information z Brand communication
- attracts customers. z Promotion: free extra product, new product,…
z Economy
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How does packaging attract customers? How does packaging attract customers?
Packaging is used as a way of attracting customers to the product in
place of the shopkeeper. This is done by using: z Provides Information –
UPC symbols, contents,
describe guarantees, nutritional
colourful
the value, potential hazards
packaging
product
such as
moist,
sweet and a photo of
creamy the
product
Benefits of food packaging What information does packaging provide?
z A key to competitive advantage in the food
industry
z Catering to the needs and wants of the end user
z Opening up new distribution channels Food manufacturers must
z Providing a better quality of presentation provide nine pieces of
z Enabling low costs
z Increasing margins
information by law
z Enhancing brand differentiation
z Improving the logistics service to customers
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What information does packaging provide? What information does packaging provide?
1. name of the food 2. description of the food
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What information does packaging provide? What information does packaging provide?
3. name and address of the manufacturer or seller 4. Nutritional value and ingredients
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What information does packaging provide? What information does packaging provide?
5. weight or volume 5. storage instructions
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What information does packaging provide? What information does packaging provide?
6. cooking or preparation instructions 8. use-by date
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What information does packaging provide? What information does packaging provide?
9. any special claims such as low-fat.
They might also choose to add four or five pieces
of extra information:
Bar or smart codes that identify the price and are
used by shops and manufacturers for stock control
Additionally nutritional information
Serving suggestions
Further storage information such as not suitable for
freezing
Price.
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What type of material should be used? Different types of packaging material
Food is either packaged in a single material such as glass
or plastic or in a combination of materials. The choice of
packaging will depend on:
the kind of food (dry, wet,
light, heavy or fragile)
the length of time the food
is to be kept in the
packaging
whether the food is to be
cooked in the packaging
whether the food is to be
eaten or drunk all at once.
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Which is best?
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Contemporary Packaging Issues Learning objectives
z Environmental
To understand about the function of food packaging.
Packaging –
To learn about the different types of packaging used.
reusable,
To learn about what information must be p
provided on
recyclable less
recyclable,
packaging.
wasteful, and
To understand about the impact of food packaging on the
safer for the environment.
environment
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Lecture 2 Lecture 3
z Metal cans z Glass packaging
z Metal packaging z Material composition
z Material composition z Package manufacture
z P k
Package manufacture
f t z Processing of food in the package
z Processing of food in the package z Advantages and disadvantages
z Advantages and disadvantages z Environmental effects
z Environmental effects
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Lecture 4 Lecture 5
z Plastic packaging z Paper and paperboard packaging
z Material composition z Material composition
z Package manufacture z Package manufacture
z Processing of food in the package z Processing of food in the package
z Advantages and disadvantages z Advantages and disadvantages
z Environmental effects z Environmental effects
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Lecture 6 Lecture 7
z Edible and bio-based food packaging z Packaging techniques
materials z Active packaging
z Material composition z Modified atmosphere packaging
z Package manufacture
z Processing of food in the package
z Advantages and disadvantages
z Environmental effects
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Lecture 8: Food biodeterioration Key points
Packaging has many uses.
Understanding the types of enzymes and Labelling provides important information about the food
microorganisms that are responsible for product.
biodeterioration of foods: bacteria, fungi and There is a wide variety of packaging material that can
be used.
used
yeast.
The material must suit the food product.
Understanding the principle methods of Packaging methods can be used as a way of extending
preserving packaged foods: curing, salting, the shelf life of food.
sugaring, refrigeration, freezing. Consumers and manufacturers must consider the
environmental impact of the food packaging they use.
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Packaging that preserves food
Aseptic packaging is used with tetrapaks. Sterilized food is put
z The end! into a sterilized tetrapak in sterilized conditions so that no bacteria
is present. Food can be stored in these tetrapaks for up to six
months.
Vacuum packaging is used with plastic packaging and has been
around for many years.
years All the air is removed from the package
and the food is kept in anaerobic conditions (without oxygen).
Examples of foods packaged in this way are bacon, smoked fish
and coffee.
Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is also used with plastic
packaging. Air is flushed out of the package and replaced with
another gas before it is quickly sealed.
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Combined material packaging How would you describe each packaging?
Ovenable paperboard has a coating of PET (polyester),
withstands temperatures of -40°C to 230°C and can be
used in an oven or microwave.
Gualapack is flexible and made from aluminium and four
different
diff t plastics (PET, PE
l ti (PET PE, PP and OPA). It
d OPA) Its bi
big
disadvantage is that it is difficult to recycle.
Tetrapak is rigid and is made of 24% LDPE, 6%
aluminium and 70% paperboard.
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