International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072
IoT based Water Monitoring and Alert System
Janhavi Patil1, Atrey Grampurohit2, Vipul Yadav3, Anjana Nair4, Prof. Sangeetha Selvan5
1,2,3,4B.E. Computer Engineering Student, Pillai College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
5Professor, Dept. of Computer Engineering, Pillai College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - Water is an integral part of life. 70% of the world is covered with water and about 2.5 is fresh, hence
conservation of water becomes important. This paper presents a smart water management and alert system using the
Arduino uno as IoT solution, for water distribution support and consumption. The proposed system presents a design of a low
cost system for real time monitoring of quantity and quality of water using IOT. The system has sensors that measure the
quantity and quality of the water. The measured values from the sensors can be processed by the arduino uno controller. A
cloud platform was configured for data saving and analysis. The graph will be generated based on the analysis of usage of
water. And then it will send an alert to the user about the usage of the water. This system gives accurate knowledge about
how much water is being consumed in houses over a period of time. Hence consumption of water in the houses can be
controlled. If impure water is detected in the system then an alert will be sent to the user on the mobile phone mentioning the
pH value and usage of water . This will help to solve water shortage problems in cities. Thus, this feature is going to be very
common in future buildings.
Key Words: Internet Of Technology, Arduino uno, Threshold, Water flow sensor, pH sensor, Cloud technology, etc
1. INTRODUCTION
This paper introduces a kind of water monitoring system which is constructed based on cloud technology. The main
objective of this project is to build water monitoring and controlling, i.e constantly monitor and control water conditions in
society. It focuses on saving water, increasing efficiency and reducing the environmental impacts on usage of water. The
user can see conditions of the water on an android app and control the usage from faraway places. It is to increase the
production of water supply and to save water, power etc. Principle rule of the system is to control the present conditions of
the water using a water flow sensor, pH sensor and chips. For an IOT based system, the sensors and the chips will be
controlled by Arduino Uno. The chip for controlling sensors will be ESP8266 which provides a robust and complete cloud
solution. The entire system will be managed manually using Android application ThingSpeak. There are various
applications of water monitoring systems based on the Internet of Things (IoT).The project is inclined towards a number of
social applications. Various applications include waste water management, water quality testing and analysis, water
conservation, smart irrigation.
2. LiteratureSurvey
Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring System using Internet of Things: The paper was developed by Brinda Das and P.C.
Jain. The purpose of this System is to check the quality of water in real time through various sensors (pH, conductivity,
temperature) and to measure the quality of water. Zigbee & GSM data transmission modules have been used to Send SMS to
phone. Microcontroller is used to send data from sensors to web page via wifi module. This system also has proximity sensors
to alert the officials by sending a message to them via the GSM module in case someone tries to pollute the water body[1].
Cloud based data analysis and monitoring of smart multi-level irrigation system using IoT: The paper was
developed by Sanket Salvi and Pramod Jain S.A. The purpose of this system is to give efficient and suitable solution to
inefficient water consumption, absence of remote farm health monitoring, lack of useful inference. It uses Cloud for data
aggregation, Thinkspeak to analyse, visualise, update and interact with web service & devices [2].
IOT Water Consumption Monitoring and Alert System: The paper was developed by Naram Mhaisen, Omran Abazeed
and Osama Halabi. The purpose of this system is to present a smart self-powered water monitoring system that leverages
IoT and cloud computing. It has a Water Consumption Monitor, and it consists of a hardware device and mobile app. The
system consists of an IoT device that can be installed at any water source, a cloud application to receive the data from the
devices, and a mobile app to know the water consumption at every monitored source. The system gives the user the
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 CertifiedJournal | Page 3396
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072
ability to identify the location and time of the excessive usage and leaks on the mobile phone [3].
Self-Powered IoT-Enabled Water Monitoring System: The paper was developed by Zainal Hisham Che Soh1 and
Muhammad S. Shafie1 Here system uses microcontroller ZR16S08 to avoid losses of water. It operates through the smart
monitoring of water flow across the network aiming for good quality of water supply. As pipe holes may be open doors to
water contaminants we have to create a network of sensors capable of monitoring water pipes in real time [4].
Smart Water Management System using the Microcontroller ZR16S08 as IoT Solution: The paper was developed by
Michel R. Machado and Tiago Ribas Júnior. Here system uses microcontroller ZR16S08 to avoid losses of water. It operates
through the smart monitoring of water flow across the network aiming for good quality of water supply. As pipe holes may
be open doors to water contaminants we have to create a network of sensors capable of monitoring water pipes in real
time. Adopting criteria such as low consumption and low cost, the use the ZR16S08 microcontroller in the design of
wireless sensor nodes that will be coupled in the water pipes was adopted. As a result a central processing unit, composed
of a Raspberry Pi microcomputer, manages the traffic of the information collected by the sensor nodes and routes it to a
web server. The data addressed by the central unit are available on-line by means of a supervisory platform [5].
2.3 Summary of Related Work
The summary of methods used in literature is given in
Literature Observations
Brinda Das proximity sensors to alert the
et al. 2017 [1] officials by sending a message to them via the GSM module
Sanket Salvi ThinkSpeak to analyse, visualise, update & interact with web
service & devices..
et al. 2017 [2]
NaramMhaisen This system gives the user the ability to identify the location
and time of the excessive usage and leaks on the mobile app
et al. 2018 [3]
Zainal Real-time data collection
Hisham et al. Allowed consumer to control the water consumed in order to
2018 [4] prevent water wastage
Michel low power consumption and low cost 8 bit microcontroller
ZR16S08.
R.Machadoi
et al. 2019
[5]
Table -1: Summary of Literature Survey
3. PROPOSEDWORK
The major components are Arduino uno, wifi module ESP8266, a block consisting of factors such as Ph sensor, water flow
sensor and cloud technology. system development is based on IOT to monitor water consumption level and pH value detected
by water flow sensor and pH sensor respectively, and send to IOT cloud, the data can be read back from ThingSpeak dashboard
and to give early notification to the owner about the excessive usage or any water leakage. the development system consists of a
water flow sensor, Wi-Fi router that
interconnected the sensor node to IOT cloud platform that consist of secured IOT devices organization, ThingSpeak Dashboard
to display and visualize the water consumption level data using real time graph and Event to notify homeowner via mail/sms on
smartphone via an alert on excessive water consumption that were over the specified water usage threshold limit. The sensor
will sense the parameters such as water flow sensor, pH sensor present inside the water. If the parameters deviates from the
threshold value, the user will get a notification in his cell phone via Android
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 CertifiedJournal | Page 3397
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072
application ThingSpeak.
Figure -3: Principle of the system[1]
3.1 System Architecture
The system is made up of front-end data acquisition, data processing, data transmission and data reception. The water flow
is processed in real time by the water flow sensor and simultaneously pH of water is also measured. Processed data is sent
to the Arduino uno via wifi module. The intermediate node aggregates all data and sends it to the PC, at the same time, staff
may view, analyse or store data by the PC that provides real-time data for water. Connect ESP8266 chip to Arduino uno.
Sensor senses the parameters inside the water. parameters exceed the threshold value, control the parameters using
Android App via installed actuators. Else, continue sensing. Similarly, if parameters falls behind the threshold value,
control the parameters using Android app via installed actuators. Else, continue sensing. The system architecture is given in
Figure 1. Each block is described in this Section.
Fig -3.1: Proposed system architecture
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 CertifiedJournal | Page 3398
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072
Figure -3.2: Flowchart
Water Flow Sensor: Water Flow sensor is used to take a note of how much water has been transferred from one area to
the other. Water flow sensor consists of a plastic body, a water rotor and a hall-effect sensor. When water flows through
the rotor, the rotor starts rolling after feeling the pressure. Water flow sensor is used for checking quantity of water.
pH sensor: The pH of a solution, i.e. how acidic or basic it is, is a major indicator of water quality. pH sensors are used to
determine pH of any liquid. They are usually a single electrode, typically made of glass and are quite delicate. An electrode is
attached to an analyzer that has an interface for data collection, calibration, and alerts. The pH sensor is used for checking
one of the major water quality parameters in the water monitoring system.
Wifi module: ESP8266 WiFi module can be integrated with Arduino Uno board. This WiFi module works at a voltage of
3V.We are using ESP8266 module in our water monitoring system. It is very popular for its Internet of Things
applications.ESP8266 WiFi module's maximum working Voltage is 3.6V
Cloud storage: ThingSpeak is an IoT analytics platform service that helps to aggregate, visualize and analyze live data
streams in the cloud. ThingSpeak is often used for prototyping and proof of concept IoT systems that require analytics. we
are using ThinkSpeak for analyzing data and storage of data which is sense by water flow sensor, pH sensor, and
temperature sensor.
3.2 Implementation Details and results
Implementation detail are as follows:-
There are various parameters present inside the water. Attributes such as water flow, pH are received via sensors. The
sensors are there inside the pipe containing water. The inputs for Android application are user controlled parameters and
threshold values. Let us discuss the output. For the android application, various actuators such as water flow sensor, pH
sensor can be considered as the output.
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 CertifiedJournal | Page 3399
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072
The table given below represents a sample dataset. The sample dataset consists of parameters and their corresponding
threshold values. The dataset includes flow of water, pH of the water. The threshold value for water is 500 ml whereas the
threshold for pH is 7.
Table -3.2.1: Flow Rate (L/min)
In order to evaluate the proposed system, experiments were conducted on data collected from Water Flow Sensor, a IOT
based water monitoring system. All data recorded is stored in the cloud in the form of excel sheet. The data was divided
into Flow Rate (L/min),Current Liquid Flow (ml/sec) ,Output Liquid Quantity (ml) to evaluate the system.
Fig -3.2.2: All data recorded is stored in the cloud in the form of excel sheet.
3.3.1 Sample Dataset Used:
An experiment is conducted in order to identify the input/output behavior of the system. Identify inputs. Specify the sample
inputs that would be used in the experiments. The sample dataset used in the experiment are identified and given in Table
Dataset Thresh
old
Quantity of 500
water (ml)
pH 07
Table -3.2.2: Sample Dataset Used for Experiment
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 CertifiedJournal | Page 3400
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072
CONCLUSION
A System which can be easily installed in any platform. As it is using an application, It can be used anytime, anywhere. This
way, mobility can be achieved. The low cost, low power wireless Cloud technology applies in water monitoring systems. The
system realizes the remote intelligent control to the room equipment through the Internet. It improves the operational
efficiency and system application flexibility by using the wireless sensor network instead of the traditional wired network,
and at the same time reduces the manpower cost. The environment data of the water can transfer reliably, and the control
instruction is sent timely. This design realizes remote intelligent monitoring and control of water, and it will be helpful to
future building, organization
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is our privilege to express our sincerest regards to our supervisor Prof. Sangeetha Selvan for the valuable inputs, able
guidance, encouragement, whole-hearted cooperation and constructive criticism throughout the duration of this work. We
deeply express our sincere thanks to our Head of the Department Dr. Sharvari Govilkar and our Principal Dr. Sandeep M.
Joshi for encouraging and allowing us to present this work.
REFERENCES
[1] Brinda Das, P.C. Jain, “Real-time water quality monitoring system using Internet of Things”, 2017 International
Conference on Computer, Communications and Electronics (Comptelix) Manipal University Jaipur, Malaviya National
Institute of Technology Jaipur & IRISWORLD, July 01-02,2017.
[2] Sanket Salvi, Pramod Jain S.A, Sanjay H.A, Harshita T.K, Naveen Jain, Suhas M V, “Cloud based analysis and monitoring of
irrigationsystemusingIoT”,InternationalconferenceonI-SMAC.Year2017.
[3] NaramMhaisen,OmranAbazeed,YoussefAlHariri,AbdullahAlsalemi,OsamaHalabi,“Self-PoweredIoT-Enabled
Water Monitoring System”, 2018 International Conference on Computer and Applications (ICCA).
[4] Zainal Hisham Che Soh1, Muhammad S. Shafie1, Mohd. Affandi Shafie1, Mohammad Nizam Ibrahim1, Syahrul Afzal Che
Abdullah2, “IoT Water Monitoring & Alert System”, 2018 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and
Informatics (ICELTICs), Sept. 19-20,2018.
[5] MichelR.Machado,Tiago,MicheleR.Silva,JoãoB.Martins,“WaterManagementSystemusingthemicrocontroller
ZR16S08 as IoT Solution”, IEEE 10th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & Systems (LASCAS).Year 2019.
[6] M.S.BennetPraba,NareshRengaswamy,Vishal,O.Deepak,“IoTBasedSmartWaterSystem”,InternationalConference
on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES 2018).
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