Course Tittle:
Object Oriented Programming
Course Code:
CC 1022
Assignment Topic : “Assignment 0”
Due Date for Submission : “Wednesday, 17-03-2021”
Submitted to : “Mehr Un Nisa”
Lecturer
School of Systems And Technology (SST)
Name : Huzaifa Saeed
Student Id : F2020266522
Section : V2
BSCS (Computer Sciences)
Task 01: Scope of variables
Global variable example: Local variable example:
• int count; // global • void main()
variable • {
• void main() • int count = 0; // local
• { variable
• count = count + 1; • count = count + 1;
• } }
Task 02: Else-if ladder
#include <iostream>
void main()
{
int x = -1;
if ( x > 0 ) {
std::cout << "x is positive";
} else if ( x < 0 ) {
std::cout << "x is negative";
} else {
std::cout << "x is zero";
}
}
Task 03: Break Statement
Break causes an immediate exit from the switch. Break also causes exit
from while and for:
• void main()
• {
• int x = 0;
• while ( x < 5 ) { // condition
• // loop body:
• x = x + 1;
• if ( x == 3 )
• break;
• }
}
Task 04: Continue Statement
Break cannot be used to exit if-else code blocks:
• void main()
• {
• int x = 0;
• if ( x < 5 ) {
• break; // Error: illegal break
• }
}
for ( i = 0; i < n; ++i ) {
int result = get_data( i );
if ( result < 0 ) // skip negative values
continue;
// process zero and positive values...
}
Task 05: Arrays
• char carr[ ] = { 'a', 'b', 'c', 0 }; // ok: size is
calculated
•
• int iarr[ 2 ] = { 5 }; // ok: same as { 5, 0 }
•
• float fa[ 3 ] = { x, y, z }; // variable initializers
ok
•
• int ibad[ 2 ] = { 1, 2, 3 }; // error: too many
initializers
•
• ibad[ 2 ] = { 10, 20 }; // error: no initializer-
assignments
Task 06: Array as Function Argument
• #include <iostream>
• using namespace std;
• void foo( double dbls[] )
• {
• cout
• << "in foo() size of dbls is "
• << sizeof( dbls )
• << '\n'
• ;
• }
• int main()
• {
• double dummy[ 4 ] = { 0 };
• cout
• << "in main() size of dummy is "
• << sizeof(dummy)
• << '\n'
• ;
• foo( dummy );
• return 0;
• }
Task 07: Two Dimensional Array
• int main()
• {
• for (;;) {
• int month;
• int day;
• int year;
•
• std::cout << "Enter M D Y: ";
• std::cin >> month;
• std::cin >> day;
• std::cin >> year;
•
• std::cout
• << "day of year: "
• << day_of_year( month, day, year )
• << std::endl
• ;
• }
•
• return 0;
• }
Task 08: Properties of a C++ variable
The ampersand operator & returns address of the variable:
•
• #include <iostream>
• using namespace std;
• int main( )
• {
• int x = 5;
• double d = 0.1;
•
• // Taking variable addresses:
• cout << &x << '\n';
• cout << &d << '\n';
•
• return 0;
• }
Task 09: Address of a C++ variable
• int main( )
• {
• // Local variables:
• int x = 5;
• double d = 0.1;
•
• // Variable sizes:
• int x_bytes = sizeof( x );
• int d_bytes = sizeof( d );
•
• // What about variable addresses ?
• int x_addr = addressof( x );
• int d_addr = addressof( d );
•
• return 0;
• }
Task 10: Storing address of a variable
• int main( )
• {
• int x = 5;
• double d = 0.1;
•
• // Variable sizes:
• int x_bytes = sizeof( x );
• int d_bytes = sizeof( d );
•
• // Take and store variable addresses:
• int x_addr = &x;
• int d_addr = &d;
•
• return 0;
• }
Task 11: Pointer to a C++ variable
• int main( )
• {
• int x = 5;
• double d = 0.1;
•
• // Variable sizes:
• int x_bytes = sizeof( x );
• int d_bytes = sizeof( d );
•
• // We need pointers to store addresses:
• int* x_ptr = &x;
• double* d_ptr = &d;
•
• return 0;
• }
Task 12: Pointer dereference *ptr
provides access to the variable pointed by the address:
x = *ptr; // fetch the value at the address specified by ptr
*ptr = 5; // store new value at the address specified by ptr
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void print( char* message )
{
cout << message << '\n';
}
Task 13: Pointer as function argument
int main( )
{
char* phello = "Hello";
print( phello );
print( "World" );
return 0;
};
Task 14: Passing Arrays to Functions
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// declare function to display marks
// take a 1d array as parameter
void display(int m[5]) {
cout << "Displaying marks: " << endl;
// display array elements
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
cout << "Student " << i + 1 << ": " << m[i] << endl;
}
}
int main() {
// declare and initialize an array
int marks[5] = {88, 76, 90, 61, 69};
// call display function
// pass array as argument
display(marks);
return 0;
}
Task 15: Strings
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str[100];
cout << "Enter a string: ";
cin >> str;
cout << "You entered: " << str << endl;
cout << "\nEnter another string: ";
cin >> str;
cout << "You entered: "<<str<<endl;
return 0;
}
Task 16: Arrays of pointers
char* ptr = "hello"; // pointer
char arr[] = "hello"; // array
void swap( int* px, int* py )
{
int temp = *px;
*px = *py;
*py = temp;
}
Task 19: Implementing swap( ) function
int main( )
{
int x = 5;
int y = 10;
swap( x, y ); // Error: must take address
swap( &x, &y ); // Correct
return 0;
}
Task 20: Structures
struct Person
{
char name[50];
int age;
float salary;
};
Task 21: Passing Structure to functions
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Person {
char name[50];
int age;
float salary;
};
void displayData(Person); // Function declaration
int main() {
Person p;
cout << "Enter Full name: ";
cin.get(p.name, 50);
cout << "Enter age: ";
cin >> p.age;
cout << "Enter salary: ";
cin >> p.salary;
// Function call with structure variable as an argument
displayData(p);
return 0;
}
void displayData(Person p) {
cout << "\nDisplaying Information." << endl;
cout << "Name: " << p.name << endl;
cout <<"Age: " << p.age << endl;
cout << "Salary: " << p.salary;
}
Task 22: Sequential File Handling
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main () {
ofstream output_file;
output_file.open( "filename.txt" );
output_file << "Hello";
output_file.close();
return 0;
}
