Unit 13 Corrosion of metals and their protection 133
14 Four iron-made objects are placed separately in gel 16 Steel fuel tanks are buried underground at fuel
with rust indicator solution containing potassium stations.
hexacyanoferrate(III) and allowed to stand in air
for some time. Complete the following table by '6&-45"5*0/
writing down the observation and giving the relevant
explanation for each of the cases.
Case Observation Explanation
Iron-made object
fully plated with
zinc
Iron-made object
fully plated with tin VOEFSHSPVOE
TUFFMGVFMUBOL
Iron-made object
fully plated with
zinc, but part of a) Explain why the steel tank in the soil rusts easily.
the zinc scratched
b) i) Suggest how the steel tank can be protected
to expose the iron
from rusting.
underneath
ii) Explain the principle of the method suggested
Iron-made object
in (i).
fully plated with tin,
Unit Exercise
but part of the tin c) The tank could be made from stainless steel.
scratched to expose
the iron underneath i) Suggest a reason for this.
ii) Why is stainless steel NOT used?
(HKCEE, Paper 1, 2008, 3)
17 a) Zinc is used to prevent iron rusting. The iron is
15 Explain the following:
coated in zinc. This method of protection is called
a) Steel hot water tanks often have a bar of magnesium galvanizing. The layer of zinc stops oxygen and
suspended in the water. water reaching the iron. Galvanizing is an example
of sacrificial protection.
b) A battered tin can rusts more quickly than a
damaged galvanized iron rubbish bin. Explain how this sacrificial protection works.
b) When iron rusts, the atoms of iron, Fe, are changed
into iron(II) ions, Fe2+.
Write an equation for this reaction.
c) Zinc reacts with copper(II) sulphate solution to make
copper. A solution of zinc sulphate is also made.
Write down an equation for this reaction.
(OCR GCSE Gateway Science (Higher Tier), Chem. B, Unit
2, Jun. 2011, 9)
batter 破爛的
134 Topic 3 Metals
18 John wants to stop his bicycle chain rusting. b) Iron corrodes quickly in moist air. This is called
rusting. Aluminium does not corrode in moist air.
Explain why.
c) Steel is an alloy that contains mostly iron. The
diagram below shows a car body.
a) John puts oil onto his bicycle chain.
Explain why this stops the chain rusting.
Aluminium or steel can be used to make a car
b) Iron can have a piece of magnesium attached to body. One advantage of aluminium is that it will
it. This also stops iron rusting. not corrode in moist air.
Explain how. Describe ANOTHER advantage and ONE disadvantage
of using aluminium instead of steel to make a car
c) Write an equation for the rusting of iron.
body. Information in the table may help you answer
(OCR GCSE Gateway Science (Higher Tier), Chem. B, Unit
this question.
2, Jan. 2012, 14)
(OCR GCSE Gateway Science (Higher Tier), Chem. B, Unit
Unit Exercise
1, Jan. 2008, 7)
19 Metals are a very useful type of material.
The table below shows some information about four 20 The surface of aluminium metal is always covered with
metals. a thin layer of another substance.
Relative Relative a) Give the chemical name of the thin surface layer
Melting and state the effect it has on aluminium.
Density strength hardness
Metal point
(g cm–3) (1 is very (1 is very b) This thin surface layer can be made thicker by
(°C)
weak) soft) treating the aluminium using electrolysis as shown
Aluminium 660 2.7 11 2.8 below.
Copper 1 085 8.9 33 3.0 ED
QPXFS
Iron 1 538 7.9 20 4.5 TVQQMZ
Titanium 1 668 4.5 40 6.0
a)
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BMVNJOJVN
TIFFU
BMVNJOJVNPCKFDU
UPCFUSFBUFE
Titanium is used to make this aeroplane. Use i) Give the name of the process.
information from the table to explain why.
ii) Suggest whether the aluminium object to be
treated should be made the positive or negative
electrode.
