Show that the following functions are harmonic and find a harmonic conjugate for each.
1. u ( x , y )=x 2− y2 + x− y
2. u ( x , y )=x 3−3 x y 2+ y
i. We have,
u x =3 x 2−3 y 2 ⟹ uxx =6 x
u y =−6 xy +1⟹ u yy =−6 x
Since the Laplacian of u , ∆ u=6 x−6 x=0, u is harmonic.
ii. Its harmonic conjugate is given by;
y x
u ( x , y )=∫ u x ( x , t ) dt −∫ u y ( s , 0 ) ds
0 0
y x
¿ ∫ ( 3 x 2−3 t 2 ) dt−∫ 1 ds
0 0
¿ 3 x 2 t−t 3 |0−sy |0x
⟹ u ( x , y )=3 x 2 y − y 3−x