INTRODUCTION TO CLASSROOM
MANAGEMENT
Written by:
Professor Dr. Rehana Masrur
Reviewed by:
Dr. Naveed Sultana
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CONTENTS
S. No. Description Page No.
Introduction................................................................................................... 3
Objectives ..................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Definition of Classroom Management............................................................ 4
1.2 Importance of Classroom Management.......................................................... 4
1.3 Importance of Goals by Teacher for Classroom Management......................... 6
1.4 Design/Styles of Classroom Management ...................................................... 7
1.5 Physical Arrangement of Room .............................................................................. 14
1.6 Components of Classroom Management ................................................................ 15
1.7 Need and Role of Classroom Management ............................................................. 18
1.8 Summary ................................................................................................................. 20
1.9 Self Assessment Questions ..................................................................................... 21
1.10 References/Suggested Readings ............................................................................. 22
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INTRODUCTION
Successful classroom management refers to the maximum learning outcomes of the
students in academics with the less efforts of the teacher. Teachers usually used classroom
management as a process of smoothly running classroom lessons besides the disturbing
behaviour of the students. Every classroom has its own reality. If the group of the same
students moves from one class to another, they will experience entirely a different reality.
They face different level of motivation and expectations in different classrooms and
consequently they react accordingly to these situations.
The aim of classroom management is to encourage and established student’s self-control
through promotion of positive behaviour and academic achievement. Classroom
management includes many things that starts from the tone of the voice of the teacher, the
design in which the classroom furniture is organized, the physical environment of the
classroom, The importance of classroom management for teacher and students,
components of the classroom management, the syllabus and expectations from students,
the strategies adopted by the teacher for the maintenance of discipline to the procedures
followed by the teacher for daily planning. These features will be discussed in detail in this
unit.
OBJECTIVES
After studying the material, it is expected that you will be able to:
1. define and explain the concept of classroom management.
2. describe the importance of classroom management.
3. explain the need and role of classroom management.
4. identify the components of classroom management.
5. compare various designs of classroom management.
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1.1 Definitions of Classroom Management
Effective classroom management is an indicator of student’s success. The primary purpose
of the classroom management is to get control on the students. Classroom management
consists of practice and processes that a teacher uses to uphold an environment in which
instruction and learning can occur smoothly. (Wong, H. K., 2004).
Classroom management refers to those methods and strategies used by the educators to
maintain a helping classroom learning environment. Although there are various techniques
involves in classroom management but the most important strategies are thosewhich realize
the students that they are in the environment which allow them to learn and achieve.
1. The term classroom management does not have just a single definition. Most
commonly it refers to the procedures in which the teacher sets up the classroom in
such a way that the students learn more effectively.
2. “Classroom management is a multifaceted process which depends upon an engaging
curriculum, student’s responsibility, appropriate teaching modeling, effective
instruction, and management skills to work towards conflict resolution with
individuals and the whole class.” (Mallory, M.2008)
1. “The concept of the classroom management is broader than the notion of student
discipline .it includes all the things teachers must do to foster student involvement
and cooperation in classroom activities and to establish a productive working
environment”
2. “Classroom management can and should do more than elicit predictable obedience;
indeed, it can and should be one vehicle for the enhancement of student self-
understanding, self-evaluation, and the internalization of self-control.”
3. “Classroom management describes the processes you use to keep a classroom
organized, lessons running smoothly, and students engaged in the lesson. Although
maintaining discipline is a component of classroom management, establishing
procedures and rapport are just as important in keeping a classroom running
efficiently.”
Activity-1.1
Visit the websites included in references for searching out more definitions and for
more clarity of the concept.
1.2 Importance of Classroom Management
Good teachers manage their classroom through proper procedures and routine while
ineffective teachers lack this aspect of classroom management .When the class is organized
and disciplined, the teacher can allocate much time to teaching rather than spending more
time on disciplining the students .There are some important features of classroom
management which are discussed below.
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1.2.1 Consistent Routine
The term procedure refers to something which the teacher wants to do while routine is
something which the students do automatically. For example, if the teacher starts each class
with the procedure by writing an activity on board daily, the students follow and complete
that task as they know what the teacher expects from them. Therefore, they take the start of
the class silently and on-task. Procedure and routine are the ways through which the
classroom runs; they are not the laws which will come with consequences if they are
broken.
1.2.2 Effective Time Management
Effective time management leads the classroom to maximum learning output. Once the
students understand the procedure and routine of the classroom, they do work efficiently
without extra instructions. Instead of making they sit passively and waiting for their
teacher’s announcement, they actively participate in learning according to the minutes set
down by the teacher. When the students get involve in their daily activities, meanwhile the
teacher gains enough time for managing other routine activities such as attendance,
arrangement of resources for activities in the class etc. In this way the daily agenda of the
classroom does not effect.
1.2.3 Positive Atmosphere
A well managed classroom has a positive atmosphere. The students know that their teacher
is the leader and instructor of the classroom. A properly manage class runs through a
systematic procedure by the teacher. Every student feels comfortable because they know
that teacher is facilitating them in learning and is always ready and approachable for the
answers of their questions. A friendly atmosphere provides opportunity to the learner to
interact with teacher and peer groups, while on the other hand a stressful, negative and
fearful atmosphere do not allow purposeful learning.
1.2.4 High Test Scores
The rationale of the test is not to bring forth the students mistakes but to guide them for
good performance in the class. Those teachers, who effectively managed their classrooms,
inform the students on a very first day that what they will learn from the particular unit
because it makes the students ready for learning. Expert teacher Julie Johnson says that she
demonstrates what she wants them to do. They practice the skill together and then I test
them the same way we practice in my class, test is not a bad word”. When students develop
their confidence, it reflects from their test scores. (Harry
K. Wong & Rosemary, 2009)
1.2.5 Student Impact
Effective classroom management is important because it has a great impact on the overall
performance of the students such as their behaviour, organization skills, attitude, discipline
and achievement etc. If the teacher has good skills of management and who can
communicate with students effectively, their student’s intellectual growth will be higher.
A well managed classroom provides a favorable environment for the intellectual growth of
the students.
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1.2.6 Engage Students
Classroom management is important for effective teaching because it engages the students
in creative activities and makes them learn the material rather than memorizing them for
classroom tests. A well managed classroom teaching involves the students in question
answer, discussions and other motivating activities. When the teacher moves around the
class while delivering the lecture, gives answer to the questions of the students and responds
to students through verbal and non verbal methods ensure that students are paying attention
to learning. It enhances the confidence of the students and makes the learning more
effective.
1.2.7 Preparation
Classroom management becomes more effective when the teacher is prepared before
coming to the class. When the teacher comes without preparation in the class it gives a time
to the students for creating disturbance in the class, and it causes problems for the teacher
in formulating daily plan. To avoid such disturbed situations, the teacher should have handy
lesson plans which she /he can use in time of emergency. This is one of the most important
tools of classroom management.
1.3 Importance of Goals by the Teacher for Classroom Management
Goals and objectives set by the teacher for the classroom management is very important.
A teacher sets goals and objectives for mental and physical development of the students
and to help them to achieve educational goals ultimately. Students are given objectives and
they strive for its achievement. It realizes them to feel more organized and responsible in
their educational career. Goals and objectives are important for the classroom management
for the following reasons.
1.3.1 Better Teaching
The teachers who set goals and objectives for their teaching, they force to make a good
lesson plan and always try to accomplish their objectives. When a teacher has specific goals
in mind, he must carefully plan how to achieve those goals and objectives. For this purpose
the teacher needs to have depth understanding of curriculum that how to proceed the
planning to cover it with in proper time. Many subjects such as mathematics are cumulative
subjects and need students to have master skills as they go on, because those skills are
continuously require to the entire course. Students who have no command on those skills
usually left behind, so by setting goals teachers carefully plan that how to teach the course
while keeping all the students on the same pace.
1.3.2 Student Focus
Students, who are aware about the goals expected from them by the teacher, give a clear
picture to them that where they have to focus their attention. The planned goals provide a
chance to the students to learn more to reach to the already established criteria by a teacher
for lesson. This achievement of goals gives a sense of accomplishment to the students.
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1.3.3 Teacher Goal-Setting
Setting of goals by the teacher opens new gates of learning for the students. Students also
learn how to set the goals and derive the objectives from them in the real life situation. It
makes them goal oriented intellectuals. The teacher makes goals for lesson and tries to
achieve them in classroom, and the students learn that what steps should be taken to reach
to success in some activities.
1.3.4 Motivation
Motivation is one important principle of learning. The students cannot learn if they are not
motivated. Motivation also plays an important role in the management of classroom, for
example if the students are highly motivated to learning, they will carry on the daily
activities with high zeal and the class will be automatically disciplined. Therefore, setting
of goals in the classroom motivates the students towards highly academic achievement.
This motivation of the students can be done by the teacher through material or verbal
incentives. For further detail check the following website.
Activity-1.2
Arrange a meeting with teachers of a school in your surrounding and discuss the
importance of classroom management with them.
1.4 Designs/Styles of Classroom Management
The arrangement of desks in the classroom makes certain the safe learning and boost up
students participation. To a great extent the physical layout of the class is very important
in developing a productive classroom environment. The best teachers have a good
understanding of seating arrangement in the class. They always arrange the seats according
to the needs of the students and the subjects. Some teachers change the seating arrangement
throughout the years. Following are some of the arrangements styles of classroom seating.
1.4.1 Rows
Traditionally, the desks are arranged in rows, this allows the whole class to see the
blackboard. It is also easy both for teacher and students to walk around the desks in the
class. It provides an opportunity to the teacher to timely assists the students individually
in an easy manner. This type of desks arrangement lessens the possibility of cheating but
increases the ability of students to pass notes to each other. Therefore it is necessary that
the teacher table should be kept in the middle that he or she can see all the students sitting
in the class. It is harder to arrange group activities in this type of class arrangement.
Advantages
Students can see the blackboard easily.
It makes easy the movement of teacher and students in the class.
The teacher can provide immediate help to each student.
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Chances of cheating reduce.
It makes the teacher vigilant to keep check on students.
Disadvantages
Group activities become difficult in such kind of seating arrangement.
The students can pass on the notes to each other easily.
Sometime the students feel bore as they are under check of teacher.
1.4.2 Circle
Desks in a circle shape are designed in order to give more focus on the class as a group. This
kind of arrangement is seen mostly in high schools and colleges. This arrangement
encourages all students to get involved in the class activities. This kind of class design allows
the students to have maximum interaction with their peers. Although there is an opportunity
of maximum interaction of students and teachers with each other but there is a negative point
in this class arrangement that some students cannot see the blackboard as some of the students
will be at the front of the blackboard while other will be on the sides on the board.
Advantages
It ensures the maximum participation of students in class discussion.
Enhances the interaction of classmates with each other.
The teacher easily focuses on the whole class as a group.
Best suitable for high classes.
Disadvantages
Some of the students who are sitting on the sides cannot see the blackboard.
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Maximum interaction of students with each other can create discipline problems in
the class.
1.4.3 U-Style
U-style or horseshoe is the combination of both circle and row design. The horseshoe
design is useful for group assignments, group discussions and lectures. All students sitting
in u-style can see the blackboard easily as they look forward. The teacher desk is usually
in the center of horseshoe design. This type of class arrangement is very advantageous as
the classroom become more spacious and both teachers and students can move easily in the
class. Besides that it is also useful for the arrangement of activities in the class as the area
around the seats become spacious.
Advantages
It is very useful for group activities and group discussions.
All students can see the blackboard easily.
The students focus their attention always on teacher’s lecture.
Teacher remains the focal point during lessons for students.
It creates more space in the class for movement of students and teacher.
Disadvantages
As the students are sitting close to each other so it might become difficult for
students to move while leaving their seats.
Provide a chance of disturbance for problematic students.
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1.4.4 Clusters
While designing the classroom seating arrangement, it is important to keep in mind that
how a design will affect the teaching learning process of the classroom. Most common
styles of cluster design are seen in elementary schools in which clusters or groups of four
or five desks are arranged. For example 20 desks are arranged in four groups of five or five
groups of four. This kind of seating arrangement allows the students to do work in small
groups and it can be easily changed if the teacher thinks it necessary. The blackboard can
be easily seen by the students but they can also see other students which might diverge
their attention from learning. Usually clusters arrangement is made around the teachers
table that she or he can easily see the students.
Advantages
It is suitable for the primary level students’ classroom.
Very useful for those activities which needs division of students in small groups.
It is easy to shuffle the naughty students within small groups.
Students can easily see the blackboard.
Disadvantages
There is a chance of gathering of problematic students in one small group.
As the students can easily see all groups so there is the possibility that they focus
attention on each other rather than learning.
Frequent changes of groups might waste the time of the teacher.
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1.4.5 Pair Seating
In this type of classroom seating two students sit together around one table and there is a
distance between the two tables having separate tables /desks for each student. The seats
are arranged in such a way that allows the teacher to move freely around the class and
access to each student easily. It is up to the teacher that which students can be paired
together in order to avoid the misbehaviour and lose of academics achievements. Usually
the teacher follows the philosophy of mix abilities for students. Pair allows the students
to do work independently and also together.
The students can see the board and all other instructional aides easily in this arrangement.
The teacher can judge the students and they can do the activities with mutual cooperation.
The drawback of this type of classroom management is that those students who are sitting
in the corner of the classroom will be suffered. As the students do not face each other so
during class discussion the students might not hear each other properly. Pair seating is
mostly found in grade 3rd, 4th and 5th where the students are more accountable for their
behaviour and actions in the class.
Advantages
It is useful for individual activities.
It is suitable for assessment activities in which the teacher wants to judge the
abilities of the students.
Lessen the chances of cheating.
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Teacher can give individual attention to the weak students.
It makes the students independents learners.
The teacher can move freely in the class.
It is best suitable for elementary classes.
Disadvantages
The students might have loss academically as they are sitting almost isolate.
Lessen the chances of learning of students from each other.
Those students who are sitting in the corners cannot see the board properly.
Those students who cannot do work independently will suffer in this type of
arrangement.
1.4.6 Semi-Circle
Semi-circle seating arrangement is when all the desks touch each other facing the front of
the room in a semi-circle shape. Besides students and teacher interaction the students can
see instructional aides also. Many methods of teaching can be implemented in this type of
classroom such as direct instructions, discussions, group activities etc as the students and
teachers are in face to face communication. The teacher has full control on the class and
discipline issues minimized. He or she can easily move around the class and monitor
everybody in an efficient way. The students also get an opportunity to work together in
projects and other activities. Sometime it become hard for the teacher to give one to one
attention to students because seats are arranged very closed and there is no space in the
middle of two seats which make it difficult for a teacher to access to each student
individually. This type of classroom seating arrangement creates problems especially on
the primary level where the students need individually attention of their teachers.
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Advantages
Maximum face to face interaction of teacher and students.
Teacher can apply different methods of teaching in this type of seating design.
Teacher can easily monitor the work of the students.
It is suitable for those projects which needs grouping of students.
Instructional aides are easily visible to the students.
Disadvantages
Not suitable for primary classes.
Those students who are weak might suffer as the teacher cannot approach them if
they are sitting in the middle.
Chances of individual attention of teacher for students reduced.
Activity-1.3
Visit three primary/elementary and secondary schools of your areas, if feasible include
both genders, and observe seating arrangements and student’s behaviour.
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1.5 Physical Arrangement of the Room
The physical arrangement of the classroom can either support or delay the teacher's
instructional effort and the quality of learning that takes place. Different arrangements of
the classroom are suitable for different instructional styles and learning activities. A
classroom that is not well arranged and organized to be functional can encourage student
off-task behaviour.
Carolyn Everson emphasizes that “examining the physical arrangement of the classroom
to minimize distractions and maximize access (student access to instructor, materials, and
demonstrations as well as teacher access to each student), matching the arrangement to the
objectives of the lesson.”
Arrangement of the classroom influences student behaviour and the competency with
which procedures and routines can be carried out daily. Some classrooms might have seats
or tables which cannot be moved, such as in science or computer lab, students in classes
seated at individual desks with unattached chairs, at chair desks (chairs with a writing
surface attached), or they share space with other students at a table. In the latter situations
the furniture can be rearranged to the most appropriate pattern. Young children may also
need an open area for activities and space for lining up, or they may need to move within
the classroom to approach to various learning centers.
The following are the important considerations for classroom arrangement which the
teacher should keep in mind while starting lesson in class. Regardless of the instructional
method used in the classroom, teachers must consider each of the following before
selecting instructional resources:
1. Eye Contact: Many educationists agree that it is essential for all students to be able
to see the teacher as well as for the teacher to see all students during teaching learning
process in the classroom. (Students should not have their backs to the teacher when
instruction is being provided.) A good way to check this out is for the teacher to
occupy each seat when the students are not in the room.
2. Room Dividers: Bookshelves or other classroom dividers should be short enough,
the teacher can observe students sitting in any area of the classroom.
3. Instructional Aids: If the teacher is teaching through instructional aids such as
board or an overhead projector, it should be placed in such a way that all students
can see the board or screen.
4. Unhindered Passage ways for Teachers: the arrangement in the classroom should
be spacious enough that the teacher should be able to move freely about the room,
between students or groups of student, to supervise their work and provide them help.
This can be checked out by moving around the room when the students arenot
present in the classroom. Frequent movement by the teacher within the classroom
supports on-task behaviour.
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5. Student Traffic: High traffic areas, such as around the teacher's table, the trashcan,
the pencil sharpener, doors, and windows should be provided easy student access and
movement.
6. Student Space: For independent seatwork, it is necessary that there should be
sufficient separation between individuals.
7. Student Access to Materials: Materials used by the students should be in such
location which is accessible to all students and movement to and from this area
should be clear and unhindered. The teacher can design an area or corner where
materials for the day's class or subject are placed prior to class the students are to
pick up the materials themselves.
8. Restricted Access: Materials which are not for students use should be stored in a
location not easily reachable to students.
9. Interruption: Unnecessary objects and materials should be removed from the room
or kept in storage of classroom to reduce disruption. The location of doors, windows,
other students, reading groups, animals in the classroom, etc. can also serve as
distractions and their locations should be considered when planning the arrangement
of the classroom.
1.6 Components of Classroom Management
1. Classroom Design
Although it is often overlooked, but the most important element of classroom
management is planned design made by the teacher. Proper arrangement of the
positioning of teachers table, desks, chairs, displays, storage and other essential
apparatus to create a warm and welcoming room. These arrangements can be done
during summer vacation prior to the arrival of students. The teacher should make it
sure that all unnecessary and distracting items have removed from your classroom.
This is also a good time to check your room for safety hazards.
2. Rules of the Classroom
Develop rules that promote respect, care and unity amongst the students of your
classroom is the basic components of classroom management. Because it gives clear
direction to the students that what they have to do and what they have not to do.
Teacher should make her expectations for the behaviour of the students clear at the
beginning of the year. The rules should be reinforced throughout the course
continuously, and should be posted in a visible location of the classroom. These rules
should be signed from the students which will realize them that they haveread the
rules with their parents and understand how to behave properly.
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3. Discipline
Classroom rules must have tangible consequences. Students observe the limitations
of each teacher from the very first day of school. So the teacher needs to be firm, fair
and consistent. The class should be started with the warmth welcome to the student
and confirm their knowledge about the classroom rules. If the teacher has some
disruption by issuing demerits, detention, or other official warnings he or she should
never, hit, harass, embarrass or shout at students-this is very unprofessional and often
illegal action.
4. Scheduling of Classroom
Keep your class in order by staying on time and on task. The class work must be
done during class time, and plenty of time should be left for in-class assignments.
Cramming work and instruction if too close to other activities can create disruptive
behaviour and poor understanding of concepts in the class. There should be space
before and after every room change, lunch, and recess for students to settle down.
Having a regular daily schedule helps you and your students to prepare for upcoming
tasks. Be firm but fair with your students. Always leave room for unseen events.
5. Organization of Classroom
Organization is the most important component of classroom management. It refers
to the organization of teacher both outside and inside of the classroom. Keeping
student files, assignments, lesson plans and administrative paperwork in order all
comes under organization. It sets a good example for your students and keeps teacher
from wasting instructional time looking for materials. Share the skills of organizing
the things with your students. Take their help in posting the classroom calendar,
homework schedule and assignments on the board. Allow your students to see and
learn how you make notes for them. It will help them to discriminate irrelevant
information from important details. The skill of organization makes the students
independent learners. They can perform the tasks with the less help of their teacher,
and in this way the discipline problems reduced in the classroom.
6. Instructional Technique
Teachers are able to communicate information with their students as they see fit. The
basic component by which teacher can make their students discipline and organized
in the classroom is his or her skills of instructional techniques. The expertise of the
teacher in the instructional techniques reflects the best management of her classroom.
For this purpose it is important that the teacher should tailor his/her instructional
technique to the grade level of the students and subject area. A practical on
demonstration of electricity will keep 8th graders occupied, but may prove
disordered in a 3rd grade classroom. So it should be according to the styleand
intensity of lessons and class. Follow-up lecture method sessions will comfortable
the group activities. For better management consult your colleaguesfor ideas about
new lessons and to earn about each of your student's learning style.
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7. Communication of Teacher
If the communication in the class is weak than it will adversely effects the
management of the class. Communication is the most important component of
classroom management. It is essential that a teacher should have clear and constant
lines of communication with their students, administration, colleagues, and parents.
Without it teacher will lose the respect of colleagues, attention of her students, and
cooperation of parents. For better communication it is necessary that teacher should
be responsive to the concerns of others and be flexible and willing to accommodate
rational requests.
8. Learning Goals
Establishing learning goals is vital and important component of classroom
management which leads to the success of teaching learning process and efficient
management of classroom. For good management of lessons in the class the teacher
should communicate and explain the learning goals at the beginning of each unit or
at the beginning of each class period. It will be helpful both for teacher and students,
if you provide them with a learning goal for activities or for each unit, they will be
clear about the extent of knowledge which they should be able to learn and display.
The learning goals need to be check after each lesson to provide a positive feedback
to the students. It is also necessary for the teacher to bring innovative changes in her
lesson planning.
9. Routines of Classroom
Structuring the routine of classroom is very important in school settings. In
elementary schools the teachers set the routine of classrooms for the beginning and
end of each day. For example, playing time of students, warmth welcome to the
students as they enter in the classroom in the morning and taking the last minutes
of class time to summarize the lessons taught that day. Daily schedules is an
important component as it also effective tool in aiding student learning. A teacher
should post the schedule outlining of the basic topics he/she will be teaching each
day, along with a brief explanation of each topic. It will help the students better
prepare themselves.
10. Classroom Rules and Social Expectations
Establishing clear classroom rules and ensuring that students know the consequences
of their actions can go a long way towards minimizing disruptive behaviour. Post a
list of classroom rules somewhere visible to students at any given time, or give each
student a handout containing the rules. Some general classroom rules may include
raising a hand to ask a question and remaining seated while the teacher is speaking.
Social expectations should also be somewhat emphasized, such as sharing supplies
when necessary and being respectful towards fellow students.
11. Correction and Discipline
If the class is disciplined and students are conveyed in a positive way about their
misbehaviour, the problems of mismanagement in the class not arise. Students
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should be informed of the consequences of their behaviour if they disobey the
classroom rules and regulations. The actions in response to disruptive behaviour and
disobedience must be very carefully taken. Disciplinary actions should start from
gentle, such as a verbal warning, to harsher such as a trip to the principal's office,
and should reflect the type of mistake done by the students in order to realize their
mistake. Students should not be sent to the principal for minor violations such as
talking to a neighbor student during a class lecture, nor should they be given a verbal
warning for engaging in a dangerous behaviour because it can harm the other
students.
12. Encouragement and Praise
Encouragement and praise both are very important components of classroom.
Because it motivate the students towards learning. Although disciplinary actionsare
necessary often to correct students' misbehaviour but the emphasis in any classroom
should be on rewarding positive behaviour. If the behaviour of the students is under
control ultimately the classroom will be managed. A student who wants attention
from his/her teacher but he only receives that attention when he misbehaves, will
continue to misbehave on student’s part. A teacher can avoid this occurrence by
rewarding students, either verbally or with incentives (candy, a short break from
lecture, etc), for being on-task and attentive praise and encouragement to each
student is an effective method of minimizing disrupting behaviour and promoting
good behaviour and engaged the students in learning.
13. Consistency
The next component of classroom management is consistency. Everything a teacher
does in the class should be consistent and constant, from setting learning goals for
each class period to provide a disciplinary action to misbehaviour of each student.
Lack of consistency on part of teacher promotes a sense of hesitation among students
and often leads to a higher frequency of disruptive behaviour.
Activity-1.4
Visit to the nearby school of your area and observe the important components of
classroom management implemented by the teacher.
1.7 Need and Role of Classroom Management
Classroom management is essential for smooth running of teaching learning process. The
managed and disciplined class leads to the maximum learning output. The need of the
classroom management arises on the basis of following reasons.
1. Productive environment inside of classroom is very necessary for the students
learning. This atmosphere of class can only be attained when the classroom is well
managed. If the atmosphere of the classroom is positive the students will be sitting
in the class without any fear and will be able to concentrate on the learning.
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2. The management of classroom enables the students to remain cooperative,
respectful, and on task with each other and with teacher. Students are more receptive
as learners when guidance is more focused, and they behave better by virtue of
respect for teachers instead of because of fear of consequences.
3. Organization of the classroom is the fundamental element for positive learning
environment of the class. It minimizes the wastage of time as well as of other
resources because every activity of the class goes according to the pre set organized
way. The more organized a teacher is, the more effective he/she can be. Students,
especially at higher levels of education, are likely to respond positively to structured
and organized environments.
4. Planning and management both play an important role in effective teaching learning
process. When the classroom is well managed, the planning made by the teacher for
all activities of the classroom will be implemented successfully.
5. In an organized and manage class, the teacher attention remain focused and works
with a sense of purpose in the classroom.
6. It becomes very easy for the teacher to engaging all the students in purposeful
activities during school hours, therefore the management of classroom play very
essential part in engaging the students in creative activities.
7. Encouragement boost up the energies of students for effective learning, and it is only
possible when the teacher gives attention to the students according to their level. A
managed and control classroom makes this job very easy for the teacher.
8. The basic role of classroom management is to provide an opportunity to the teacher
to motivate her/his students to meet the challenges and exceed expectations.
9. Collaboration stimulates the students for teamwork in all learning activities whether
that held inside or outside of the classroom. Students help each other to learn while
participating in constructivist learning activities.
10. Classroom management has important role in fixing the rules and procedures of the
classroom. Without rules and procedures the learning environment cannot be
fruitful.
11. Classroom management has a great contribution in the achievement of learning goals
of a lesson deliver by the teacher. Because the students can learn far better in the
discipline classroom environment.
12. It is very essential for the teacher to arrange the classroom seating according to the
nature and requirements of the subject. Each subject demands different arrangement
of seating in the classroom. So the skills of management of the teacher
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make it easy to arrange the seats of students according to the activities of the
subjects.
13. The teachers and administrator need to have real estimate of resources need for a
school and classroom activities, the management enables both teacher and
administration to make the actual estimate of required resources for all activities.
14. The classroom management enables the teacher to remain consistent in his or her
behaviour with students during classroom lesson. Through effective and consistent
feedback to the students, teachers establish a positive relationship with individual
students to realize them that they are valued.
1.8 Summary
Classroom management is the term, teachers and instructors use to explain the act of
managing their classroom and students to guarantee that stressful and non-educational
circumstances are avoided, and students learn topics and subjects effectively. Classroom
management is a broader term and involves more than the management and discipline of
the students. It also involves the availability of additional information on topics and all
activities related to teaching learning processes in the class. Effective classroom
management makes the classroom atmosphere less stressful for teachers and ensures that
students are provided with the correct information and knowledge with in a calm
environment in which they can learn easily and effectively. Maintaining good management
in the classrooms is one of the most difficult tasks facing by inexperienced and new
teachers. Many disrupting behaviours in the classroom should be improved before they
become serious discipline problems. Such behaviours can be minimized by the teacher's
ability to utilize effective organizational practices. Such practices are the spirit of the
teaching learning process and are crucial to establish and maintain classroom control.
Classroom management will differ from one teacher to another. Because it depends on the
teacher’s personality, teaching styles, attentiveness, awareness and number of students in
their classroom at any given time. Effective classroom management involves teachers
being prepared for teaching of lessons, organized for activities ,motivating students,
providing and maintain proper and effective discipline, making students feel comfortable,
facilititate students ,building student self-esteem and designing productive and interesting
lesson plans. Besides that the designing of classroom environment and the seating
arrangement is very essential. Classroom management is a skill that is not only learned but
learns by daily practiced.
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1.9 Self-Assessment Questions
1. Define the concept of classroom management?
2. How classroom management is important for effective teaching? Discuss in detail.
3. Critically explain the different designs of classroom management with example.
4. Describe the major components of classroom management.
5. Write a detail note on the need of classroom management.
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1.10 References/Suggested Reading
Wong, Harry & Wong, Rosemary. (2009). The first days of school: how to be an
effective teacher. Singapore: Harry K. Wong Publications, Inc.
Wong, H.K., (2004) The First Days of School California: Harry K. Wong Publishing, Inc.
Nayak, A. Rao, V. (2002).Classroom teaching: methods and practices.APH Publishing
Corporation. New Delhi.
The ED 310 Task Force. (1998).Organizing and Managing Classroom Environments. Simon&
Schuster custom Publishing. Gould Street.
Good, T, Brophy, J. (1997). Looking in Classroom. Longman (6th ed.) .New York.
L. Robert, L. Smith, C. and (1984). Effective Classroom Management, Nichlos
Publishing Company, New York.
McCreary, R. Classroom management definitions. Retrieved March25, 2011,
from.http://www.ehow.com/about_5438989_classroom-management-definition.html.
Fiore, C. Retrieved on March26th, 2011 from
http://www.ehow.com/facts_5410362_define-classroom-management.html.
Curington, L. Retrieved on March26th 2011 from
http://www.ehow.com/about_5421809_importance-classroom-management.html.
Giselle, D. Retrieved on March26th 2011 from
http://www.ehow.com/about_5378723_classroom-management-important.html.
Jennifer,V.(2011).Retrieved on March 26th 2011from
http://www.ehow.com/info_7796946_important-teachers-goals-classroom.html.
Ramsden, A. (1999).Seating arrangements. Retrieved on March 30th 2011from
http://www.uwsp.edu/education/pshaw/Seating%20Arrangements.htm.
Stacey, W. (2011).Retrieved on March 30th 2011 from
http://www.ehow.com/info_7960263_classroom-arrangement-styles.html.
Ashley, B. (2011). Washington State University.
http://www.ehow.co.uk/info_7889557_six-components-classroom-management.html.
