ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are very thankful to our beloved Chairman
Mr.K.JAYABARATHAN CHELLIAH, M.A(USA),B.Ed of the Mount Zion
College Of Engineering And Technology.
We express our sincere gratitude to our beloved Director
Mr.J.JAYSON K. JAYABARATHAN, M.Tech.,Ph.D., for having provided us
all the facilities to be make our project successful.
We take this opportunity to express our thanks to our beloved Principal
Dr.P.BALAMURUGAN, M.E.,Ph.D. for their co-operative guidance and
encouragement.
We extremely grateful to our beloved H.O.D, of civil engineering
department who is our guide Mrs.N.RADHA M.E.,. for her help, encouragement,
and technical idea for the well completion of this project.
We offer our sincere everlasting thanks and gratefulness to
Mr. S.M.MANIKANDAN M.E., for his valuable direction, co-operation and
guidance to finish this project work.
We our greatest department of gratitude to our entire teaching and non-
teaching staff members who were also the reasons for the success this project.
i
ABSTRACT
The quantum of E-plastic waste in municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasing due
to increase in population, urbanization development activities and changes in life
style which leading widespread littering on the landscape. Thus disposal of
E-waste plastic is a menace and become a serious problem globally due to their
non-biodegradability and unaesthetic view. Since these are not disposed
scientifically & possibility to create ground and water pollution. This waste plastic
partially replaced the conventional material to improve desired mechanical
characteristics for particular road mix. In the present paper developed techniques to
use plastic waste for construction purpose of roads and flexible pavements has
reviewed. In conventional road making process bitumen is used as binder. We are
replacing 2%,4%,6% of E-plastics modified bitumen instead of normal Bitumen.
This E-waste plastic modified bitumen mix show better binding property, stability,
density and more resistant to water.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO
NO
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
ABSTRACT ii
LIST OF TABLES V
LIST OF FIGURES Vii
LIST OF SYMBOLS ix
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Necessity of the project 2
1.3 Objectives 2
1.4 Advantages of Plastic road 3
1.5 Disadvantages of Plastic road 3
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 4
3. MATERIALS USED 8
3.1 Aggregates 8
3.1.1 Desirable properties of Road 8
aggregates
iii
3.2 Bitumen 10
3.2.1 Types of Bitumen 10
3.2.2 Grade of Bitumen 11
3.2.3 Properties of Bitumen 12
3.3 Plastics 15
3.3.1 Types of Plastic 15
3.3.2 E-Platics 15
3.3.2.1 Properties of E-Plastics 16
4.METHODOLOGY 17
5.FIELD TEST AND RESULTS 18
5.1 Test on Aggregates 18
5.1.1 Specific Gravity Test 19
5.1.2 Water Absorption Test 20
5.1.3 Abrasion Test 22
5.1.4 Impact test 23
5.1.5 Flakiness Index 24
5.1.6 Elongation Index 25
5.1.7 Crushing Test 26
5.1.8 Sieve Analysis 27
5.2 Test on Bitumen 31
5.2.1 Penetration Test 31
iv
5.2.2 Softening Test 32
5.2.3 Ductility Test 33
5.3 E-Plastic Modified Bitumen 35
` 5.3.1 Test on E-Plastic Modified Bitumen 36
5.3.1.1 Penetration Test 36
5.3.1.2 Softening Point Test 38
5.4 Mix Design Test 42
5.4.1 Combined Gradation 42
5.4.1.1 Design Proportion for Aggregate 42
With Bitumen 5 %
5.4.2 Marshall Stability Test 44
5.4.2.1 Quantity of Materials Taken 44
5.5 Comparison of Modified and Unmodified 53
Bitumen Result
6.COST ANALYSIS 54
7.CONCLUSION 53
REFERENCES 55
v
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE. TITLES PAGE
NO. NO.
5.1 List of IS Codes Related To Aggregate Testing 18
5.1.1 Specific Gravity Test 20
5.1.2 Water Absorption Test 21
5.1.3 Abrasion Test 22
5.1.4 Impact Test 23
5.1.4.1 Permissible Limit of Impact Test as per 24
IS: 2386 (Part 4)
5.1.5 Flakiness Index 25
5.1.6 Elongation Index 26
5.1.7 Crushing Test 27
5.1.8.1 Gradation Test of 10 mm 28
5.1.8.2 Gradation Test of 6 mm 29
5.1.8.3 Gradation Test of Dust 30
5.2 List of IS Codes Related To Bitumen Testing 31
vi
5.2.1 Penetration Test for Unmodified Bitumen 32
5.2.2 Softening Point Test for Unmodified Bitumen 33
5.2.3 Ductility Test for Unmodified Bitumen 34
5.3.1.1.1 Penetration Test for 2 % E-plastic Modified Bitumen 36
5.3.1.1.2 Penetration Test for 4 % E-plastic Modified Bitumen 37
5.3.1.1.2 Penetration Test for 6 % E-plastic Modified Bitumen 37
5.3.1.2.1 Softening Point Test for 2 % E-plastic Modified Bitumen 38
5.3.1.2.2 Softening Point Test for 4 % E-plastic Modified Bitumen 39
5.3.1.2.3 Softening Point Test for 6% E-plastic Modified Bitumen 39
5.3.1.2.4 Requirement for Paving Bitumen 41
5.4.1 Combined Gradation for Mix Proportions 43
5.4.2.1 Marshall Stability Test for Unmodified Bitumen 48
5.4.2.2 Marshall Stability Test for 2% E-plastic Modified Bitumen 49
5.4.2.3 Marshall Stability Test for 4% E-plastic Modified Bitumen 50
5.4.2.4 Marshall Stability Test for 6% E-plastic Modified Bitumen 51
5.5 Comparison of Modified and Unmodified Bitumen Results 53
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
FIG. TITLES PAGE
NO. NO.
3.3.2 E-Plastic in powder form 16
5.1.8 Gradation Test 27
5.2.1.1 Heating of Bitumen 31
5.2.1.2 Penetrometer Apparatus 32
5.2.2 Ring and Ball Apparatus 33
5.2.3 Ductility Test 34
5.3.1.1 Variations In Penetration Values of Bitumen With
Increase in Percentage of Plastic 38
5.3.1.2 Variations In Softening Point Values of Bitumen
With Increase in Percentage of Plastic 40
5.4.1 Mix Proportion of Aggregates 42
5.4.2.1.1 Heating of Aggregate 44
5.4.2.1.2 Heating of Bitumen 45
5.4.2.1.3 Specimen for Marshall Stability Test 45
viii
5.4.2.1.4 Air Weight of Specimen 45
5.4.2.1.5 Water Weight of specimen 46
5.4.2.1.6 Saturated Air Weight of Specimen 46
5.4.2.1.7 Marshall Stability Test Apparatus 47
5.4.2.1.8 Variations in Stability of Bitumen With Increase
In Percentage of Plastic 52
ix
LIST OF SYMBOLS
Nomenclatures
MD Dry mass of the aggregate
VN Net volume of the aggregates excluding the volume
of the absorbed matter
W Density of water
Gapp Apparent Specific Gravity
Gbulk Bulk Specific Gravity
VB Total volume of the aggregates including the
volume of absorbed water
Abbreviations
HAP Hazardous Air Pollutant
WBM Water Bound Macadam
MORTH Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
