MANIBA BHULA NURSING COLLEGE

SUBJECT: ADVANCE NURSING PRACTICE

TOPIC: COMMUNICATION

SUBMITTED TO: MS.L DIVA CHANNU

HOD OF PEDIATRIC DEPT
M.B.N.C,UTU

SUBMITTED BY: SURATI DIXITA

1ST year M.Sc.Nursing, MBNC, UTU

SUBMITTED ON: 7/11/2016

COMMUNICATION
 INTROUCTION

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Communication is the basic element of human intractions that allows people to
establish, maintain and improve contacts with others. It constitutes the foundation of
intraction among human beings. Nursing is a communicative intervention and the
foundation of nursing lies in the “ communicative attitude” this attitude is manifested in
the striving for mutual understanding.co-ordination and co-action.
 DEFINITATION:
It is a “ process by which two or more people exchange, ideas, facts, feelings or
impressions in ways that each gains a ‘ common understanding of meaning, intrest and
use of message.”
 PURPOSE:
 It should not be logically contradictory with itself.
 Should expressed in terms of human behavior.
 Should be consistent with the ways in which people do communicate.
 THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

1. SENDER
The sender is the originator of the message.to be a effective communicator you, must
know:
 Objectives,has to be clearly defined
 Audience, it is interests and needs
 Message , what actually wants to convey
 Professional abilities and limitation

Idea or purpose must be encoded in to the form of a message through perceiving,

Thinking , reasoning, udging, speaking, writing, drawing, gesturing, demonstrating
 Etc. in short sender formulates, encodes and transmits the information which he/she
Wants to communicate.the impact of message will depend on his/her own comunicat
-ion skill, social status, knowledge, attitude and prestige in the community.
2. MESSAGE
A message is the information/ desired behavior in physical form which the communi
- cator transmites to his audience to receive, understand accept and act upon. It may in
the Form of words, picture sign. Some sign are like”

 NATURAL SIGN: a part of the larger thing or event or condition signified by it.
e.g blood or surgical dressing sign of haemorrage.
 NON NATURAL SIGN:which symbolized something is designated by it.
e.g., body cast signifies some physical health problem
 ICONIC SIGN: a sign is like the thing it signifies.
e.g. danger sign
 DIGITAL SIGN: independent of their physical perameter for their meaning.e.g.
pattern, size etc.( needle sign 23G, 18G)

 COMPONENT OF MESSAGE:
A) MESSAGE CODE: any group of symbols that can be structured in a way that is
meaningful to same person.
e.g, language

B) MESSAGE CONTENT: the material in the message e.g. selected by the source to
Express his purpose.

C) MESSAGE TREATMENT: decision which the communication source maker in

selecting, arranging both codes and contents.
Health communication may fail in many cases, if its messase is not adequate.

 A GOOD MESSAGE MUST BE:

 In line with the objective
 Meaningful
 Based on felt needs
 Clear and understandable
 Specific and accurate
 Timely and adequate
 Fitting the audience
 Intresting
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 Culturally and socially appropriate

3. CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION

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 .INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION:
e.g face to face communication most commen channel of communication.
The encoding function is performed and channeled directly by the intellectual, the
sensory and the major skill of the source.
e.g. vocal mechanism for oral communication, posture gesture, facial epression
for non verbal communication.
 MASS MEDIA:
TV, radio, printed media etc.
 TRADITIONAL OR FOLK MEDIA
Every community has it own network of traditional or folk media such as folk
dances, signing, dramas, and religious meetings.
Every channel of communication has its advantages and limitations. The proper
and use of channel results in successful communication.
The media selection is determined by what is available, what the source,
preferences are and how much has to be spent on it. Which chanel are received by
most of the people, which channel has the most effect, which channel are
adaptable to the objective and content of the message.

4. RECEIVER
Who receiver messages from the sender, decoding, interprent the meaning and
giving feedback.

5. FEEDBACK
It is the flow of information from receiever to the the sender, the rection to the
message, if the message is rejecting or not undersatandable by receiver, feedback
 provides an opportunity to the sender to modify his/her message and render it
acceptable.
 THEORIES REGARDING COMMUNICATION
 Information transmission governed by three level of semiotic rules. Syntactic,
Pragmatic ( concerned with the relation between sign/ expressions and their user)
Semantic (study of relationsip between sign and symbols and what they represent)
Therefore, communication is a kind of social interaction where at least two
Intracting agent share a common set of sign and common set of semiotic rules.
 In a simplistic model, information or content(e.g. a message in natural language)
is sent in some from a sender/ encoder to a destination/ receiver/ decoder/. In a
slightly more complex from a sender and a receiver are linked reciprocally.
 In the present “communication noise” on the transmission channel(air) received
and decoded content can become faulty in the sense that it will contain errors and
thus probably not cause the desired effect.
 Theories co regulation describe communication as a creative and dynamic
continuous process, rather than a discreate exchange of information. Verbal
communication is when we communicate our message verbally to who ever is
receiving the message.
e.g, the Indian flag is a symbol that represent freedom for Indian them selves.

 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

ONE WAY COMMUNICATION

TWO WAY COMMUNICATION

VERBAL COMMUNICATION

NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

1. ONE WAY COMMUNICATION
The flow of communication is “ one way” from the communication to the receiver.
e.g. lecture method.

ADVANTAGES:
 Apepears neat and efficient to an outsider observer.
 Sender is more psychologically comfortable
 Plan-fullness, order, systemization are associated with

DISDANTAGES:

 Learning is authoritative
 Little audiences participation
 No feedback
 Little influence on human behaviour.
2. TWO WAY COMMUNICATION
Both sender and receiver take part. Reciver may raise questions and add their own
information. Idea and opinion to the subject. The process of learning is active and
democratic. It is more likely to influence behaviour than one way communication, other
Way relatively noisly and disorderly with people interrupting the sender and one another,
sender finds him/ herself psychologically under attack because his receivers pickup his
mistakes.
3. VERBAL COMMUNICATION
The traditional way of communication has been by word of mouth. Language is the chief
vehicle of communication. One can interact with other and exchange off ideas will take
place and information can be passed an. To make a message clear few effective verbal
communication technique should be used:
 Clearity and brevity: clarity can be achieved by speaking slowly and enunciating
clearly or by using example
Brevity is the best achieved by using words that express an idea simply e.g. tell
me what is your problem.
 Vocabularly : instend of using purly technical words use, local word synonyms to
technical words for better understanding.
 Denotative and connotative: denotative meaning is one shared by individual who
use a commen language that is used to define a word so that is means to same
everyone.
 Connotative word meaning thoughts, feeling, or ideas that people have about the
word.
 Pacing: verbal communication is a successful when expressed at an appropriate
speed or pace.
  Timing relevance: timing is critical to perception for example, if the supervisior
is in bad mood, the time is wrong to ask for raise. And relevance is also
importance e.g. message have to be of receiver intrest and need
 Humour : it can be powerful tool in promoting all aspect in communicating any
thing when it is used in good sense according to circumstances and events.
 Verbal communication also involve written word it must be a 4 essential

4. NON- VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Communication can occur even without words. People unconsciously use facial
expression, gesture, touch, and vocal tone to amplify the meaning of spoken
communication.
It is powerful way people convey convey message to other.
1.meta communication:
It is the message that convey the sender attitude, feeling, and intention towards listener,
may be verbal and non vaerbal.non verbal show genuine feeling or may be an atternpt to
hide feeling.
E,g. discuss a past conversation and to determine the meaning behind certain word,
pharase.etc. it can be used as a tool for sense making. Or for better understanding events,
place, people, relationships etc. the ability to communicate on the meta level require
introspection and more specifically what is called metacommunicating competence.

 Personal appearance: often lead to impression about personality and self concept.
 Intonation: the tone of the speaker voice can have dramatic impact on a message
meaning. A person emotion can directly influence tone of voice.
 Facial expression: the face is rich in communication potential. By observing
someones, facial expression some of the time we can understand what he/she
want to express like, surprise, fear, anger, disgust, happiness and sadness.
 Posture and gait: it reflect attitude, emotion, self consept and physical wellness.
  Gesture: it identifies three function such as illustrating an idea, expressing an
emotional state and signaling by use og sign.
 Touch: it is personal from of non verbal communication.
1. Formal communication
it follow lines of authority e.g. it is a officially organized channel of communication
2. Informal communication
Friends , intrest groups, like minded people, clique gossip group, casual group etc.
communication very faster here than the formal group
3. Visual communication
It comprise charts, graphs, table, maps, poster etc.
4. Tele communication/ mechanical communication
it is the process of communication over distance using electromeganitc instrument designed
for this purpose. Radio,tv, internet etc. TV, internet etc are mass media communication
while telephon, telegraph are know as poin to point telecommunication.
5. Interpersonal communication
It is a exchang of idea between to persons
6. Serial communication
Person to person the message will be passed like a chain. Sender passes the message to one
person, then the receiver passes information to other and so on.
7. Phychological communication
It is a stimuli received by the body, immediately the brain receives the information and
transmit to the respective organ through the neurons where it has to be passed.
8. Psychic communication
In this extra sensory perception occurs e.g. the person perceives and predict that in advance
is called psychic communication.

 Principles of communication
 Communication should have objective & purpose.
 Should be appropriate to situation.
 Systematic analysis of the message e.g. idea
 Selection and determination of appropriate language and medium of communication
according to its purpose.
 Organizational climate, including appropriate timing and physical setting to convey the
desired meaning of communication.
 Consultation with other of planning of communication. Involve a special prepration.
 The communication action following a communication is important in effective
communication as this speaks more than his her words.
 Credibility is very important.
 Communication programme should make use of existing facilities to the great extent
possible and should avoid challenging them unnecessary
 TYPES OF NETWORK
1. Circle type this type of communication take place in a conference ,where one of the
members “A” is appointed as chairman.
2. Chain type: in which the leader of the group “A” reports to the managing director,
who report to the chairman of the company.similarly, the word manager report to the
deputy general manager, who in the report to the leader of the group “A”
3. “Y” type: here the chairman, managing director general manager (A) and deputy
general and departmental head constitue “Y”

 FACTORS INFLUENCING COMMUNICATION:

1. Perceptions: it is the personal view of event. E.g. each person sense, it is formed by
experience and expectations.
Perception is the process of assessing information in your surrounding. It involves
becoming aware of ones environment in a way that is unique to individual and is
strongly influence by communication.
2. Values: these are standards that influence behaviour, what person considers
important in life and thus influence expression of thoughts and ideas. It has been
importan
3. Emotions: subjective feeling about events. The way a person communicate with
other is influence by emotions.
4. Sociocultural backgroung: cultural is the sum total of the learned ways of doing,
feeling, and thinking.
5. Knowledge: knowledge of handling different level persons is essential for
communication.
6. Role and relationship: communication is more effective when the participants
remain aware of their role in relationship.
7. Environment: worm and comfortable environment facilitates good communication
8. Space and territoriality: territoriality is the drive to gain.it provide people with a
sense of identify, security and control.

 BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Physical/ environmental barriers: noise, invisibility, environmental and physical
discomfort, distraction and ill health.
2. Personal barrier: the personal barrier relate to the factor that are personal to the the
sender and receiver and act as a hindrance in the communication process. language,
mental status, personality complexes, bias, inhibition attitude etc.
 Lack of listening skill: the efficiency of communication process gets disturbed
when apply mind.
 Selective attention: this problem arise when the person is impatient and put his
objective above all.
  Lack of knowledge: the communication process suffer if the sender and
receiver have has less knowledge about the subject matter.
 Lack of vocabulary: if the communication problem arise when the sender use
some words which are difficult for the receiver.

3. Physiological barriers: the physiological barrierof communicationis theinfluence of

psychological state of the communicators which creats an obstacle for effective
communication.limitation of human body and mind adds up to the physiological
barrier cauimg interruption in message from reaching its destination or having
meaning e,.g. .difficulties in hearing, expression, disease condition.speech disorder.
4. Psychological barrier:the psychological barrier of communication is the influence
of psychological state of the communicators which create an obstacle for effective
communication
.e.g. prejudices, inattention, disintrest, feeling of anxiety , level of intelligence.
5. Cultural barriers: language variation, customs, believes, religion, attitude etc. in
cultural barrier language misunderstanding are commen among people who speak the
same language so its not surprising that people from different cultural and linguistic
background face communication barriers anything from the mispronunciation of a
word to lack of specificity can lead to misunderstanding,

SUMMARY

Here, I summarized the topic in that we learn about the communication, definitation. Types,
channel, network of communication, barriers, factor influence in communication etc.

Conclusion

Here I conclude the topic and students are able to understand about communication.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1) BT Basaanthappa “ ADVANCED NURSING PRACTICE” 3RD edition :jaypee brother medical

publisher (P) ltd new delhi. Page no:
2) Khan s. yaseen, shebeer.p. basher. “ ADVANCED NURSING PRACTICE” 1ST edition;
published by EMMESS medical publisher, Bangalore. 2012page no:551 to 556
3) Neeraga k.p “ TEXTBOOK OF NURSING EDUCATION”1St edition; jaypee publisher;2003
page no 32
4) http//www.google.co.in/ search/qpsychological+barrier&client=msopera &
channel.com
5) http//www.google,co.in/search/communication=ms,opera &chanel.com