Discrete Mathematics

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Logics – Propositions”.

1. Which of the following statement is a proposition?

a) Get me a glass of milkshake
b) God bless you!
c) What is the time now?
d) The only odd prime number is 2
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Only this statement has got the truth value which is false.

2. The truth value of ‘4+3=7 or 5 is not prime’.

a) False
b) True
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Compound statement with ‘or’ is true when either of the statement is true. Here the first
part of the statement is true, hence the whole is true.

3. Which of the following option is true?

a) If the Sun is a planet, elephants will fly
b) 3 +2 = 8 if 5-2 = 7
c) 1 > 3 and 3 is a positive integer
d) -2 > 3 or 3 is a negative integer
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Hypothesis is false, thus the whole statement is true.

4. What is the value of x after this statement, assuming the initial value of x is 5?
‘If x equals to one then x=x+2 else x=0’.
a) 1
b) 3
c) 0
d) 2
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: If condition is false so value decided according to else condition.

5. Let P: I am in Bangalore.; Q: I love cricket.; then q -> p(q implies p) is?

a) If I love cricket then I am in Bangalore
b) If I am in Bangalore then I love cricket
c) I am not in Bangalore
d) I love cricket
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Q is hypothesis and P is conclusion. So the compound statement will be if hypothesis
then conclusion.

6. Let P: If Sahil bowls, Saurabh hits a century.; Q: If Raju bowls, Sahil gets out on first ball. Now if P is
true and Q is false then which of the following can be true?
a) Raju bowled and Sahil got out on first ball
b) Raju did not bowled
c) Sahil bowled and Saurabh hits a century
d) Sahil bowled and Saurabh got out
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Either hypothesis should be false or both (hypothesis and conclusion) should be true

7. The truth value ‘9 is prime then 3 is even’.

a) False
b) True
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The first part of the statement is false, hence whole is true.

8. Let P: I am in Delhi.; Q: Delhi is clean.; then q ^ p(q and p) is?

a) Delhi is clean and I am in Delhi
b) Delhi is not clean or I am in Delhi
c) I am in Delhi and Delhi is not clean
d) Delhi is clean but I am in Mumbai
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Connector should be ‘and’, that is q and p.

9. Let P: This is a great website, Q: You should not come back here. Then ‘This is a great website and
you should come back here.’ is best represented by?
a) ~P V ~Q
b) P ∧ ~Q
c) P V Q
d) P ∧ Q
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The second part of the statement is negated, hence negation operator is used.

10. Let P: We should be honest., Q: We should be dedicated., R: We should be overconfident. Then ‘We
should be honest or dedicated but not overconfident.’ is best represented by?
a) ~P V ~Q V R
b) P ∧ ~Q ∧ R
c) P V Q ∧ R
d) P V Q ∧ ~R
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The third part of the statement is negated, hence negation operator is used, for (‘or’ –V)
is used and for(’but’- ∧).

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Logic and Bit
Operations”.

1. Which of the following bits is the negation of the bits “010110”?

a) 111001
b) 001001
c) 101001
d) 111111
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Flip each of the bit to get the negation of the required string.

2. Which of the following option is suitable, if A is “10110110”, B is”11100000” and C is”10100000”?

a) C=A or B
b) C=~A
c) C=~B
d) C=A and B
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Output of and is 1 when both other inputs are one.
3. How many bits string of length 4 are possible such that they contain 2 ones and 2 zeroes?
a) 4
b) 2
c) 5
d) 6
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The strings are {0011, 0110, 1001, 1100, 1010 and 0101}.

4. If a bit string contains {0, 1} only, having length 5 has no more than 2 ones in it. Then how many
such bit strings are possible?
a) 14
b) 12
c) 15
d) 16
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The total strings are 1(having no one in it) +5(having 1 one in it) +10 (having 2 ones in it)
= 16.

5. If A is “001100” and B is “010101” then what is the value of A (Ex-or) B?

a) 000000
b) 111111
c) 001101
d) 011001
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: In Ex-or if both the inputs are same then output is 0 otherwise 1.

6. The Ex-nor of this string “01010101” with “11111111” is?

a) 10101010
b) 00110100
c) 01010101
d) 10101001
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In Ex-nor if both the inputs are same then output is 1 otherwise 0.

7. What is the one’s complement of this string “01010100”?

a) 10101010
b) 00110101
c) 10101011
d) 10101001
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Negate every bit in one’s complement.

8. What is the 2’s complement of this string “01010100”?

a) 10101010
b) 00110100
c) 10101100
d) 10101001
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In two’s complement negate every bit from left until the first one from right is
encountered.

9. If in a bits string of {0,1}, of length 4, such that no two ones are together. Then the total number of
such possible strings are?
a) 1
b) 5
c) 7
d) 4
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Strings can be {1001, 1010, 0101, 1000, 0100, 0010, 0001}.

10. Let A: “010101”, B=?, If { A (Ex-or) B } is a resultant string of all ones then which of the following
statement regarding B is correct?
a) B is negation of A
b) B is 101010
c) {A (and) B} is a resultant string having all zeroes
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: In Ex-or both if both the inputs are the same then output is 0 otherwise 1.
This set of Discrete Mathematics Interview Questions and Answers for freshers focuses on “Logics –
Implication and Double Implications”.

1. Let P and Q be statements, then P<->Q is logically equivalent to __________

a) P<->~Q
b) ~P<->Q
c) ~P<->~Q
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Both of them have same truth table, Hence they are equal.

2. What is the negation of the statement A->(B v(or) C)?

a) A ∧ ~B ∧ ~C
b) A->B->C
c) ~A ∧ B v C
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: A->P is logically equivalent to ~A v P.

3. The compound statement A-> (A->B) is false, then the truth values of A, B are respectively _________
a) T, T
b) F, T
c) T, F
d) F, F
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: For implications to be false hypothesis should be true and conclusion should be false.

4. The statement which is logically equivalent to A∧ (and) B is?

a) A->B
b) ~A ∧ ~ B
c) A ∧ ~B
d) ~(A->~B)
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The truth table of both statements are same.

5. Let P: We give a nice overall squad performance, Q: We will win the match.
Then the symbolic form of “We will win the match if and only if we give a nice overall squad
performance.“ is?
a) P v Q
b) Q ∧ P
c) Q<->P
d) ~P v Q
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: If and only if statements are bi-conditionals.

6. Let P, Q, R be true, false true, respectively, which of the following is true?

a) P∧Q∧R
b) P∧~Q∧~R
c) Q->(P∧R)
d) P->(Q∧R)
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Hypothesis is false, hence statement is true.

7. “Match will be played only if it is not a humid day.” The negation of this statement is?
a) Match will be played but it is a humid day
b) Match will be played or it is a humid day
c) All of the mentioned statement are correct
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Negation of P->Q is P∧~Q.

8. Consider the following statements.

A: Raju should exercise.
B: Raju is not a decent table tennis player.
C: Raju wants to play good table tennis.
The symbolic form of “Raju is not a decent table tennis player and if he wants to play good table tennis
then he should exercise.” is?
a) A->B->C
b) B∧(C->A)
c) C->B∧A
d) B<->A∧C
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: For conditionals statement (if then), implications are used.
9. The statement (~P<->Q)∧~Q is true when?
a) P: True Q: False
b) P: True Q: True
c) P: False Q: True
d) P: False Q: False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: For a bi-conditional to be true both inputs should be same.

10. Let P, Q, R be true, false, false, respectively, which of the following is true?
a) P∧(Q∧~R)
b) (P->Q)∧~R
c) Q<->(P∧R)
d) P<->(QvR)
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: For a bi-conditional to be true both inputs should be the same.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Logic
Circuits”.

1. If there are ‘M’ switches in series numbered from 1, 2, …, M. For circuit to be complete and bulb to
glow which of the following is necessary?
a) 1∧ 2∧ 3 ∧ … ∧M should be on
b) 1∧ 2∧ 3 ∧ … ∧M should be off
c) 1 v 2 v 3 v … v M should be on
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: All should be on in-order to complete the circuit.

2. If there are ‘M’ switches in parallel numbered from 1, 2, …, M. For circuit to be complete and bulb to
glow which of the following is necessary
a) 1∧ 2∧ 3 ∧ … ∧M should be on
b) 1∧ 2∧ 3 ∧ … ∧M should be off
c) 1 v 2 v 3 v … v M should be on
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Anyone should be on in-order to complete the circuit.
3. In the circuit shown the lamp will be glowing if _________

a) P: True, Q: False
b) P: True, Q: True
c) P: False, Q: False
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The circuit will be complete if P is true and Q is false.

4. In this circuit shown the lamp will be glowing if _________

a) P: True, Q: True, R: False

b) P: True, Q: True, R: True
c) P: False, Q: False, R: True
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The circuit will be complete if R is true and Q is false or P is false.
5. Which statement should be true in order for lamp to glow?

a) (R ∧ (~(P ∧ Q))
b) P∧R∧Q
c) P ∧ (Q ∧ ~R)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The circuit will be complete if R is true and Q is false or P is false.

6. If it is given that switch R is closed and Q is closed then lamp will glow if _________

a) P: Open, S: Closed
b) P: Open, S: Open
c) P: Closed, S: Closed
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The circuit will be complete if (~P) is true and S is true.
7. The circuit depend on which switch/switches state to be complete?

a) P
b) Q
c) Both P and Q
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The circuit will be complete if (P) is true, Q v ~Q will always be true.

8. The ten switches A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,N,M are placed in the given circuit (all are open at given time). If you
close one switch you need to pay 1 unit cost. What is the cost you need to pay to glow this Lamp?

a) 1 unit
b) 2 units
c) 3 units
d) 4 units
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: This can be achieved by turning one of switches N or M on.
9. If in a for it to be complete it is necessary for switch A to be closed and either of switch B or C to be
closed, then which can be true?
a) Switch A should in parallel with B and C is series to them
b) Switch A should be in series with a parallel circuit of B and C
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Switch A is in series and since there is ‘or’ between B and C therefore they must be in
parallel.

10. The given circuit can work if the switches P and Q be ___________

a) P: True, Q: False
b) P: True, Q: True
c) P: False, Q: False
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: If Q is false, then the circuit will be complete irrespective of the value of P. Also, if P is true
and Q is also true, then also the circuit will be complete. Hence, all the choices are correct.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Logics and
Proofs – De-Morgan’s Laws”.

1. Which of the following statements is the negation of the statements “4 is odd or -9 is positive”?
a) 4 is even or -9 is not negative
b) 4 is odd or -9 is not negative
c) 4 is even and -9 is negative
d) 4 is odd and -9 is not negative
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Using De Morgan’s Law ~(A V B) ↔ ~A ∧ ~B.

2. Which of the following represents: ~A (negation of A) if A stands for “I like badminton but hate
maths”?
a) I hate badminton and maths
b) I do not like badminton or maths
c) I dislike badminton but love maths
d) I hate badminton or like maths
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: De Morgan’s Law ~ (A ∧ B) ↔ ~A V ~B.

3. The compound statement A v ~(A ∧ B).

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Applying De-Morgan’s law we get A v ~ A Ξ Tautology.

4. Which of the following is De-Morgan’s law?

a) P ∧ (Q v R) Ξ (P ∧ Q) v (P ∧ R)
b) ~(P ∧ R) Ξ ~P v ~R, ~(P v R) Ξ ~P ∧ ~R
c) P v ~P Ξ True, P ∧ ~P Ξ False
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Definition of De–Morgan’s Law.

5. What is the dual of (A ∧ B) v (C ∧ D)?

a) (A V B) v (C v D)
b) (A V B) ^ (C v D)
c) (A V B) v (C ∧ D)
d) (A ∧ B) v (C v D)
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In dual ∧ is replaced by v and vice – versa.

6. ~ A v ~ B is logically equivalent to?

a) ~ A → ~ B
b) ~ A ∧ ~ B
c) A → ~B
d) B V A
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: By identity A → B Ξ ~A V B.

7. Negation of statement (A ∧ B) → (B ∧ C) is _____________

a) (A ∧ B) →(~B ∧ ~C)
b) ~(A ∧ B) v ( B v C)
c) ~(A →B) →(~B ∧ C)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: ~(A →B) Ξ A ∧ ~B using this we can easily fetch the answer.

8. Which of the following satisfies commutative law?

a) ∧
b) v
c) ↔
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: All of them satisfies commutative law.

9. If the truth value of A v B is true, then truth value of ~A ∧ B can be ___________

a) True if A is false
b) False if A is false
c) False if B is true and A is false
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: If A is false then both the condition are obeyed.

10. If P is always against the testimony of Q, then the compound statement P→(P v ~Q) is a __________
a) Tautology
b) Contradiction
c) Contingency
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Since either hypothesis is false or both (hypothesis as well as conclusion) are true.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Questions and Answers for Experienced people focuses on “Logics –
Tautologies and Contradictions”.

1. A compound proposition that is always ___________ is called a tautology.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Tautology is always true.

2. A compound proposition that is always ___________ is called a contradiction.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Contradiction is always false.

3. If A is any statement, then which of the following is a tautology?

a) A ∧ F
b) A ∨ F
c) A ∨ ¬A
d) A ∧ T
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A ∨ ¬A is always true.

4. If A is any statement, then which of the following is not a contradiction?

a) A ∧ ¬A
b) A ∨ F
c) A ∧ F
d) None of mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A ∨ F is not always false.

5. A compound proposition that is neither a tautology nor a contradiction is called a ___________

a) Contingency
b) Equivalence
c) Condition
d) Inference
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Definition of contingency.

6. ¬ (A ∨ q) ∧ (A ∧ q) is a ___________
a) Tautology
b) Contradiction
c) Contingency
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: ≡ (¬A ∧ ¬q) ∧ (A ∧ q)
≡ (¬A ∧ A) ∧ (¬q ∧ q)
≡ F ∧ F ≡ F.

7. (A ∨ ¬A) ∨ (q ∨ T) is a __________
a) Tautology
b) Contradiction
c) Contingency
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: ≡ (A ∨ ¬A) ∨ (q ∨ T)
≡ T ∨ T ≡ T.

8. A ∧ ¬(A ∨ (A ∧ T)) is always __________

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: ≡ A ∧ ¬ (A ∨ (A ∧ T))
≡ A ∧ ¬(A ∨ A)
≡ A ∧ ¬A ≡ F.

9. (A ∨ F) ∨ (A ∨ T) is always _________
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: ≡ (A ∨ F) ∨ (A ∨ T)
≡ A ∨ T ≡ T.

10. A → (A ∨ q) is a __________
a) Tautology
b) Contradiction
c) Contingency
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: ≡ A → (A ∨ q)
≡ ¬A ∨ (A ∨ q)
≡ (A ∨ ¬A) ∨ q
≡ T ∨ q ≡ T.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Logics –
Types of Statements”.

1. The contrapositive of p → q is the proposition of ____________

a) ¬p → ¬q
b) ¬q → ¬p
c) q → p
d) ¬q → p
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Definition of contrapositive.

2. The inverse of p → q is the proposition of ____________

a) ¬p → ¬q
b) ¬q → ¬p
c) q → p
d) ¬q → p
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Definition of inverse.

3. The converse of p → q is the proposition of _______________

a) ¬p → ¬q
b) ¬q → ¬p
c) q → p
d) ¬q → p
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Definition of converse.

4. What is the contrapositive of the conditional statement? “The home team misses whenever it is
drizzling?”
a) If it is drizzling, then home team misses
b) If the home team misses, then it is drizzling
c) If it is not drizzling, then the home team does not misses
d) If the home team wins, then it is not drizzling
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: q whenever p contrapositive is ¬q → ¬p.

5. What is the converse of the conditional statement “If it ices today, I will play ice hockey tomorrow.”
a) “I will play ice hockey tomorrow only if it ices today.”
b) “If I do not play ice hockey tomorrow, then it will not have iced today.”
c) “If it does not ice today, then I will not play ice hockey tomorrow.”
d) “I will not play ice hockey tomorrow only if it ices today.”
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: If p, then q has converse q → p.

6. What are the contrapositive of the conditional statement “I come to class whenever there is going to
be a test.”
a) “If I come to class, then there will be a test.”
b) “If I do not come to class, then there will not be a test.”
c) “If there is not going to be a test, then I don’t come to class.”
d) “If there is going to be a test, then I don’t come to class.”
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: q whenever p, has contrapositive ¬q → ¬p.

7. What are the inverse of the conditional statement “ A positive integer is a composite only if it has
divisors other than 1 and itself.”
a) “A positive integer is a composite if it has divisors other than 1 and itself.”
b) “If a positive integer has no divisors other than 1 and itself, then it is not composite.”
c) “If a positive integer is not composite, then it has no divisors other than 1 and itself.”
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: p only if q has inverse ¬p → ¬q.

8. What are the converse of the conditional statement “When Raj stay up late, it is necessary that Raj
sleep until noon.”
a) “If Raj stay up late, then Raj sleep until noon.”
b) “If Raj does not stay up late, then Raj does not sleep until noon.”
c) “If Raj does not sleep until noon, then Raj does not stay up late.”
d) “If Raj sleep until noon, then Raj stay up late.”
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Necessary condition for p is q has converse q → p.

9. What are the contrapositive of the conditional statement “Medha will find a decent job when she
labour hard.”?
a) “If Medha labour hard, then she will find a decent job.”
b) “If Medha will not find a decent job, then she not labour hard.”
c) “If Medha will find a decent job, then she labour hard.”
d) “If Medha not labour hard, then she will not find a decent job.”
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The statement q when p has its contrapositive as ¬q → ¬p.

10. What are the inverse of the conditional statement “If you make your notes, it will be a convenient in
exams.”
a) “If you make notes, then it will be a convenient in exams.”
b) “If you do not make notes, then it will not be a convenient in exams.”
c) “If it will not be a convenient in exams, then you did not make your notes.”
d) “If it will be a convenient in exams, then you make your notes
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: If p then q has inverse ¬p → ¬q.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Logics –
Logical Equivalences”.

1. The compound propositions p and q are called logically equivalent if ________ is a tautology.
a) p ↔ q
b) p → q
c) ¬ (p ∨ q)
d) ¬p ∨ ¬q
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Definition of logical equivalence.

2. p → q is logically equivalent to ________

a) ¬p ∨ ¬q
b) p ∨ ¬q
c) ¬p ∨ q
d) ¬p ∧ q
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: (p → q) ↔ (¬p ∨ q) is tautology.

3. p ∨ q is logically equivalent to ________

a) ¬q → ¬p
b) q → p
c) ¬p → ¬q
d) ¬p → q
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: (p ∨ q) ↔ (¬p → q) is tautology.

4. ¬ (p ↔ q) is logically equivalent to ________

a) q↔p
b) p↔¬q
c) ¬p↔¬q
d) ¬q↔¬p
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: ¬(p↔q)↔(p↔¬q) is tautology.

5. p ∧ q is logically equivalent to ________

a) ¬ (p → ¬q)
b) (p → ¬q)
c) (¬p → ¬q)
d) (¬p → q)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: (p ∧ q) ↔ (¬(p → ¬q)) is tautology.

6. Which of the following statement is correct?

a) p ∨ q ≡ q ∨ p
b) ¬(p ∧ q) ≡ ¬p ∨ ¬q
c) (p ∨ q) ∨ r ≡ p ∨ (q ∨ r)
d) All of mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Verify using truth table, all are correct.

7. p ↔ q is logically equivalent to ________

a) (p → q) → (q → p)
b) (p → q) ∨ (q → p)
c) (p → q) ∧ (q → p)
d) (p ∧ q) → (q ∧ p)
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: (p ↔ q) ↔ ((p → q) ∧ (q → p)) is tautology.

8. (p → q) ∧ (p → r) is logically equivalent to ________

a) p → (q ∧ r)
b) p → (q ∨ r)
c) p ∧ (q ∨ r)
d) p ∨ (q ∧ r)
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: ((p → q) ∧ (p → r)) ↔ (p → (q ∧ r)) is tautology.

9. (p → r) ∨ (q → r) is logically equivalent to ________

a) (p ∧ q) ∨ r
b) (p ∨ q) → r
c) (p ∧ q) → r
d) (p → q) → r
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: ((p → r) ∨ (q → r)) ↔ ((p ∧ q) → r) is tautology.

10. ¬ (p ↔ q) is logically equivalent to ________

a) p ↔ ¬q
b) ¬p ↔ q
c) ¬p ↔ ¬q
d) ¬q ↔ ¬p
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: (¬ (p ↔ q)) ↔ (p ↔ ¬q) is tautology.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced people focuses on
“Predicate Logic Quantifiers”.

1. Let P (x) denote the statement “x >7.” Which of these have truth value true?
a) P (0)
b) P (4)
c) P (6)
d) P (9)
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Put x=9, 9>7 which is true.

2. Let Q(x) be the statement “x < 5.” What is the truth value of the quantification ∀xQ(x), having
domains as real numbers.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Q(x) is not true for every real number x, because, for instance, Q(6) is false. That is, x = 6 is a
counterexample for the statement ∀xQ(x). This is false.

3. Determine the truth value of ∀n(n + 1 > n) if the domain consists of all real numbers.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: There are no elements in the domain for which the statement is false.

4. Let P(x) denote the statement “x = x + 7.” What is the truth value of the quantification ∃xP(x), where
the domain consists of all real numbers?
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Because P(x) is false for every real number x, the existential quantification of Q(x), which is
∃xP(x), is false.

5. Let R (x) denote the statement “x > 2.” What is the truth value of the quantification ∃xR(x), having
domain as real numbers?
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Because “x > 2” is sometimes true—for instance, when x = 3–the existential quantification
of R(x), which is ∃xR(x), is true.

6. The statement,” Every comedian is funny” where C(x) is “x is a comedian” and F (x) is “x is funny” and
the domain consists of all people.
a) ∃x(C(x) ∧ F (x))
b) ∀x(C(x) ∧ F (x))
c) ∃x(C(x) → F (x))
d) ∀x(C(x) → F (x))
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: For every person x, if comedian then x is funny.

7. The statement, “At least one of your friends is perfect”. Let P (x) be “x is perfect” and let F (x) be “x is
your friend” and let the domain be all people.
a) ∀x (F (x) → P (x))
b) ∀x (F (x) ∧ P (x))
c) ∃x (F (x) ∧ P (x))
d) ∃x (F (x) → P (x))
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: For some x, x is friend and funny.

8. ”Everyone wants to learn cosmology.” This argument may be true for which domains?
a) All students in your cosmology class
b) All the cosmology learning students in the world
c) Both of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Domain may be limited to your class or may be whole world both are good as it satisfies
universal quantifier.

9. Let domain of m includes all students, P (m) be the statement “m spends more than 2 hours in playing
polo”. Express ∀m ¬P (m) quantification in English.
a) A student is there who spends more than 2 hours in playing polo
b) There is a student who does not spend more than 2 hours in playing polo
c) All students spends more than 2 hours in playing polo
d) No student spends more than 2 hours in playing polo
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: There is no student who spends more than 2 hours in playing polo.

10. Determine the truth value of statement ∃n (4n = 3n) if the domain consists of all integers.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: For n=0, 4n=3n hence, it is true.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Logics –
Nested Quantifiers”.

1. Let Q(x, y) denote “M + A = 0.” What is the truth value of the quantifications ∃A∀M Q(M, A).
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: For each A there exist only one M, because there is no real number A such that M + A = 0
for all real numbers M.

2. Translate ∀x∃y(x < y) in English, considering domain as a real number for both the variable.
a) For all real number x there exists a real number y such that x is less than y
b) For every real number y there exists a real number x such that x is less than y
c) For some real number x there exists a real number y such that x is less than y
d) For each and every real number x and y such that x is less than y
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Statement is x is less than y. Quantifier used are for each x, there exists a y.
3. “The product of two negative real numbers is not negative.” Is given by?
a) ∃x ∀y ((x < 0) ∧ (y < 0) → (xy > 0))
b) ∃x ∃y ((x < 0) ∧ (y < 0) ∧ (xy > 0))
c) ∀x ∃y ((x < 0) ∧ (y < 0) ∧ (xy > 0))
d) ∀x ∀y ((x < 0) ∧ (y < 0) → (xy > 0))
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: For every negative real number x and y, the product of these integer is positive.

4. Let Q(x, y) be the statement “x + y = x − y.” If the domain for both variables consists of all integers,
what is the truth value of ∃xQ(x, 4).
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: There exist no integer for which x+4=x-4.

5. Let L(x, y) be the statement “x loves y,” where the domain for both x and y consists of all people in the
world. Use quantifiers to express, “Joy is loved by everyone.”
a) ∀x L(x, Joy)
b) ∀y L(Joy,y)
c) ∃y∀x L(x, y)
d) ∃x ¬L(Joy, x)
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Joy is loved by all the people in the world.

6. Let T (x, y) mean that student x likes dish y, where the domain for x consists of all students at your
school and the domain for y consists of all dishes. Express ¬T (Amit, South Indian) by a simple English
sentence.
a) All students does not like South Indian dishes.
b) Amit does not like South Indian people.
c) Amit does not like South Indian dishes.
d) Amit does not like some dishes.
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Negation of the statement Amit like South Indian dishes.

7. Express, “The difference of a real number and itself is zero” using required operators.
a) ∀x(x − x! = 0)
b) ∀x(x − x = 0)
c) ∀x∀y(x − y = 0)
d) ∃x(x − x = 0)
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: For every real number x, difference with itself is always zero.

8. Use quantifiers and predicates with more than one variable to express, “There is a pupil in this lecture
who has taken at least one course in Discrete Maths.”
a) ∃x∃yP (x, y), where P (x, y) is “x has taken y,” the domain for x consists of all pupil in this class, and the
domain for y consists of all Discrete Maths lectures
b) ∃x∃yP (x, y), where P (x, y) is “x has taken y,” the domain for x consists of all Discrete Maths lectures,
and the domain for y consists of all pupil in this class
c) ∀x∀yP(x, y), where P (x, y) is “x has taken y,” the domain for x consists of all pupil in this class, and the
domain for y consists of all Discrete Maths lectures
d) ∃x∀yP(x, y), where P (x, y) is “x has taken y,” the domain for x consists of all pupil in this class, and the
domain for y consists of all Discrete Maths lectures
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: For some x pupil, there exists a course in Discrete Maths such that x has taken y.

9. Determine the truth value of ∃n∃m(n + m = 5 ∧ n − m = 2) if the domain for all variables consists of all
integers.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The equation does not satisfy any value of m and n in the domain consist of integers.

10. Find a counterexample of ∀x∀y(xy > y), where the domain for all variables consists of all integers.
a) x = -1, y = 17
b) x = -2 y = 8
c) Both x = -1, y = 17 and x = -2 y = 8
d) Does not have any counter example
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Putting x=-1, y=17; -17>17 which is wrong. Putting x=-2, y=8; -16>8 which is wrong.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Logics –
Inference”.
1. Which rule of inference is used in each of these arguments, “If it is Wednesday, then the Smartmart
will be crowded. It is Wednesday. Thus, the Smartmart is crowded.”
a) Modus tollens
b) Modus ponens
c) Disjunctive syllogism
d) Simplification
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: (M ∧ (M → N)) → N is Modus ponens.

2. Which rule of inference is used in each of these arguments, “If it hailstoday, the local office will be
closed. The local office is not closed today. Thus, it did not hailed today.”
a) Modus tollens
b) Conjunction
c) Hypothetical syllogism
d) Simplification
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: (¬N ∧ (M → N)) → ¬M is Modus tollens.

3. Which rule of inference is used, ”Bhavika will work in an enterprise this summer. Therefore, this
summer Bhavika will work in an enterprise or he will go to beach.”
a) Simplification
b) Conjunction
c) Addition
d) Disjunctive syllogism
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: p → (p ∨ q) argument is ‘Addition’.

4. What rule of inference is used here?

“It is cloudy and drizzling now. Therefore, it is cloudy now.”
a) Addition
b) Simplification
c) Resolution
d) Conjunction
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: (p ∧ q) → p argument is Simplification.
5. What rule of inference is used in this argument?
“If I go for a balanced diet, then I will be fit. If I will be fit, then I will remain healthy. Therefore, if I go for
a balanced diet, then I will remain healthy.”
a) Modus tollens
b) Modus ponens
c) Disjunctive syllogism
d) Hypothetical syllogism
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: ((p → q) ∧ (q → r)) → (p → r) argument is ‘Hypothetical syllogism’.

6. What rules of inference are used in this argument?

“All students in this science class has taken a course in physics” and “Marry is a student in this class”
imply the conclusion “Marry has taken a course in physics.”
a) Universal instantiation
b) Universal generalization
c) Existential instantiation
d) Existential generalization
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: ∀xP (x), ∴ P (c) Universal instantiation.

7. What rules of inference are used in this argument?

“It is either colder than Himalaya today or the pollution is harmful. It is hotter than Himalaya today.
Therefore, the pollution is harmful.”
a) Conjunction
b) Modus ponens
c) Disjunctive syllogism
d) Hypothetical syllogism
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: ((p ∨ q) ∧ ¬p) → q argument is Disjunctive syllogism.

8. The premises (p ∧ q) ∨ r and r → s imply which of the conclusion?

a) p ∨ r
b) p ∨ s
c) p ∨ q
d) q ∨ r
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The premises (p ∧ q) ∨ r has two clauses: p ∨ r, and q ∨ r. We can also replace r → s with
the equivalent clause r ∨ s. Using the two clauses p ∨ r and r ∨ s, we can conclude p ∨ s.

9. What rules of inference are used in this argument?

“Jay is an awesome student. Jay is also a good dancer. Therefore, Jay is an awesome student and a good
dancer.”
a) Conjunction
b) Modus ponens
c) Disjunctive syllogism
d) Simplification
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: ((p) ∧ (q)) → (p ∧ q) argument is conjunction.

10. “Parul is out for a trip or it is not snowing” and “It is snowing or Raju is playing chess” imply that
__________
a) Parul is out for trip
b) Raju is playing chess
c) Parul is out for a trip and Raju is playing chess
d) Parul is out for a trip or Raju is playing chess
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Let p be “It is snowing,” q be “Parul is out for a trip,” and r the proposition “Raju is playing
chess.” The hypotheses as ¬p ∨ q and p ∨ r, respectively. Using resolution, the proposition q ∨ r is, “Parul
is out for a trip or Raju is playing chess.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Assessment Questions and Answers focuses on “Types of Proofs”.

1. Let the statement be “If n is not an odd integer then square of n is not odd.”, then if P(n) is “n is an
not an odd integer” and Q(n) is “(square of n) is not odd.” For direct proof we should prove _________
a) ∀nP ((n) → Q(n))
b) ∃ nP ((n) → Q(n))
c) ∀n~(P ((n)) → Q(n))
d) ∀nP ((n) → ~(Q(n)))
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Definition of direct proof.

2. Which of the following can only be used in disproving the statements?

a) Direct proof
b) Contrapositive proofs
c) Counter Example
d) Mathematical Induction
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Counter examples cannot be used to prove results.

3. Let the statement be “If n is not an odd integer then sum of n with some not odd number will not be
odd.”, then if P(n) is “n is an not an odd integer” and Q(n) is “sum of n with some not odd number will
not be odd.” A proof by contraposition will be ________
a) ∀nP ((n) → Q(n))
b) ∃ nP ((n) → Q(n))
c) ∀n~(P ((n)) → Q(n))
d) ∀n(~Q ((n)) → ~(P(n)))
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Definition of proof by contraposition.

4. When to proof P→Q true, we proof P false, that type of proof is known as ___________
a) Direct proof
b) Contrapositive proofs
c) Vacuous proof
d) Mathematical Induction
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Definition of vacuous proof.

5. In proving √5 as irrational, we begin with assumption √5 is rational in which type of proof?

a) Direct proof
b) Proof by Contradiction
c) Vacuous proof
d) Mathematical Induction
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Definition of proof by contradiction.

6. A proof covering all the possible cases, such type of proofs are known as ___________
a) Direct proof
b) Proof by Contradiction
c) Vacuous proof
d) Exhaustive proof
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Definition of exhaustive proof.

7. Which of the arguments is not valid in proving sum of two odd number is not odd.
a) 3 + 3 = 6, hence true for all
b) 2n +1 + 2m +1 = 2(n+m+1) hence true for all
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Some examples are not valid in proving results.

8. A proof broken into distinct cases, where these cases cover all prospects, such proofs are known as
___________
a) Direct proof
b) Contrapositive proofs
c) Vacuous proof
d) Proof by cases
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Definition of proof by cases.

9. A proof that p → q is true based on the fact that q is true, such proofs are known as ___________
a) Direct proof
b) Contrapositive proofs
c) Trivial proof
d) Proof by cases
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Definition of trivial proof.

10. A theorem used to prove other theorems is known as _______________

a) Lemma
b) Corollary
c) Conjecture
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Definition of lemma.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Types of
Set”.

1. {x: x is an integer neither positive nor negative} is ________

a) Empty set
b) Non-empty set
c) Finite set
d) Non- empty and Finite set
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Set = {0} non-empty and finite set.

2. {x: x is a real number between 1 and 2} is an ________

a) Infinite set
b) Finite set
c) Empty set
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: It is an infinite set as there are infinitely many real number between any two different real
numbers.

3. Write set {1, 5, 15, 25,…} in set-builder form.

a) {x: either x=1 or x=5n, where n is a real number}
b) {x: either x=1 or x=5n, where n is a integer}
c) {x: either x=1 or x=5n, where n is an odd natural number}
d) {x: x=5n, where n is a natural number}
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Set should include 1 or an odd multiple of 5.

4. Express {x: x= n/ (n+1), n is a natural number less than 7} in roster form.

a) {1⁄2, 2⁄3, 4⁄5, 6⁄7}
b) {1⁄2, 2⁄3, 3⁄4, 4⁄5, 5⁄6, 6⁄7, 7⁄8}
c) {1⁄2, 2⁄3, 3⁄4, 4⁄5, 5⁄6, 6⁄7}
d) Infinite set
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: n/(n+1) = 1/(1+1) = 1⁄2 and n>7.

5. Number of power set of {a, b}, where a and b are distinct elements.
a) 3
b) 4
c) 2
d) 5
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Power set of {a, b} = {∅, {a, b}, {a}, {b}}.

6. Which of the following is subset of set {1, 2, 3, 4}?

a) {1, 2}
b) {1, 2, 3}
c) {1}
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: There are total 16 subsets.

7. A = {∅,{∅},2,{2,∅},3}, which of the following is true?

a) {{∅,{∅}} ∈ A
b) {2} ∈ A
c) ∅ ⊂ A
d) 3 ⊂ A
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Empty set is a subset of every set.

8. Subset of the set A= { } is?

a) A
b) {}
c) ∅
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Every set is subset of itself and Empty set is subset of each set.

9. {x: x ∈ N and x is prime} then it is ________

a) Infinite set
b) Finite set
c) Empty set
d) Not a set
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: There is no extreme prime, number of primes is infinite.

10. Convert set {x: x is a positive prime number which divides 72} in roster form.
a) {2, 3, 5}
b) {2, 3, 6}
c) {2, 3}
d) {∅}
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: 2 and 3 are the divisors of 72 which are prime.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Sets”.

1. A __________ is an ordered collection of objects.

a) Relation
b) Function
c) Set
d) Proposition
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: By the definition of set.

2. The set O of odd positive integers less than 10 can be expressed by _____________
a) {1, 2, 3}
b) {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
c) {1, 2, 5, 9}
d) {1, 5, 7, 9, 11}
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Odd numbers less than 10 is {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}.

3. Power set of empty set has exactly _________ subset.

a) One
b) Two
c) Zero
d) Three
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Power set of null set has exactly one subset which is empty set.

4. What is the Cartesian product of A = {1, 2} and B = {a, b}?

a) {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a), (b, b)}
b) {(1, 1), (2, 2), (a, a), (b, b)}
c) {(1, a), (2, a), (1, b), (2, b)}
d) {(1, 1), (a, a), (2, a), (1, b)}
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A subset R of the Cartesian product A x B is a relation from the set A to the set B.

5. The Cartesian Product B x A is equal to the Cartesian product A x B.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Let A = {1, 2} and B = {a, b}. The Cartesian product A x B = {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a), (2, b)} and the
Cartesian product B x A = {(a, 1), (a, 2), (b, 1), (b, 2)}. This is not equal to A x B.

6. What is the cardinality of the set of odd positive integers less than 10?
a) 10
b) 5
c) 3
d) 20
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Set S of odd positive an odd integer less than 10 is {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}. Then, Cardinality of set S =
|S| which is 5.

7. Which of the following two sets are equal?

a) A = {1, 2} and B = {1}
b) A = {1, 2} and B = {1, 2, 3}
c) A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {2, 1, 3}
d) A = {1, 2, 4} and B = {1, 2, 3}
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Two set are equal if and only if they have the same elements.
8. The set of positive integers is _____________
a) Infinite
b) Finite
c) Subset
d) Empty
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The set of positive integers is not finite.

9. What is the Cardinality of the Power set of the set {0, 1, 2}?
a) 8
b) 6
c) 7
d) 9
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Power set P ({0, 1, 2}) is the set of all subsets of {0, 1, 2}. Hence, P({0, 1, 2}) = {null, {0}, {1},
{2}, {0, 1}, {0,2}, {1, 2}, {0, 1, 2}}.

10. The members of the set S = {x | x is the square of an integer and x < 100} is ________________
a) {0, 2, 4, 5, 9, 58, 49, 56, 99, 12}
b) {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81}
c) {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 64, 81, 85, 99}
d) {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 121}
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The set S consists of the square of an integer less than 10.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Set
Operations – 1”.

1. The union of the sets {1, 2, 5} and {1, 2, 6} is the set _______________
a) {1, 2, 6, 1}
b) {1, 2, 5, 6}
c) {1, 2, 1, 2}
d) {1, 5, 6, 3}
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The union of the sets A and B, is the set that contains those elements that are either in A or
in B.
2. The intersection of the sets {1, 2, 5} and {1, 2, 6} is the set _____________
a) {1, 2}
b) {5, 6}
c) {2, 5}
d) {1, 6}
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The intersection of the sets A and B, is the set containing those elements that are in both A
and B.

3. Two sets are called disjoint if there _____________ is the empty set.
a) Union
b) Difference
c) Intersection
d) Complement
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: By the definition of the disjoint set.

4. Which of the following two sets are disjoint?

a) {1, 3, 5} and {1, 3, 6}
b) {1, 2, 3} and {1, 2, 3}
c) {1, 3, 5} and {2, 3, 4}
d) {1, 3, 5} and {2, 4, 6}
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Two sets are disjoint if the intersection of two sets is the empty set.

5. The difference of {1, 2, 3} and {1, 2, 5} is the set ____________

a) {1}
b) {5}
c) {3}
d) {2}
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The difference of the sets A and B denoted by A-B, is the set containing those elements that
are in A not in B.

6. The complement of the set A is _____________

a) A – B
b) U – A
c) A – U
d) B – A
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The complement of the set A is the complement of A with respect to U.

7. The bit string for the set {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} (with universal set of natural numbers less than or equal to 10)
is ____________________
a) 0101010101
b) 1010101010
c) 1010010101
d) 0010010101
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The bit string for the set has a one bit in second, fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth positions, and a
zero elsewhere.

8. Let Ai = {i, i+1, i+2, …..}. Then set {n, n+1, n+2, n+3, …..} is the _________ of the set Ai.
a) Union
b) Intersection
c) Set Difference
d) Disjoint
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: By the definition of the generalized intersection of the set.

9. The bit strings for the sets are 1111100000 and 1010101010. The union of these sets is ___________
a) 1010100000
b) 1010101101
c) 1111111100
d) 1111101010
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The bit string for the union is the bitwise OR of the bit strings.

10. The set difference of the set A with null set is __________
a) A
b) null
c) U
d) B
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The set difference of the set A by the null set denoted by A – {null} is A.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Interview Questions and Answers focuses on “Set Operations – 2”.

1. Let the set A is {1, 2, 3} and B is {2, 3, 4}. Then the number of elements in A U B is?
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: AUB is {1, 2, 3, 4}.

2. Let the set A is {1, 2, 3} and B is { 2, 3, 4}. Then number of elements in A ∩ B is?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A ∩ B is {2, 3}.

3. Let the set A is {1, 2, 3} and B is {2, 3, 4}. Then the set A – B is?
a) {1, -4}
b) {1, 2, 3}
c) {1}
d) {2, 3}
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In A – B the common elements get cancelled.

4. In which of the following sets A – B is equal to B – A?

a) A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 4}
b) A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4}
c) A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 1}
d) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, B = {2, 3, 4, 5, 1}
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A- B= B-A = Empty set.

5. Let A be set of all prime numbers, B be the set of all even prime numbers, C be the set of all odd
prime numbers, then which of the following is true?
a) A ≡ B U C
b) B is a singleton set.
c) A ≡ C U {2}
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: 2 is the only even prime number.

6. If A has 4 elements B has 8 elements then the minimum and maximum number of elements in A U B
are ____________
a) 4, 8
b) 8, 12
c) 4, 12
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Minimum would be when 4 elements are same as in 8, maximum would be when all are
distinct.

7. If A is {{Φ}, {Φ, {Φ}}}, then the power set of A has how many element?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The set A has got 2 elements so n(P(A))=4.

8. Two sets A and B contains a and b elements respectively. If power set of A contains 16 more elements
than that of B, value of ‘b’ and ‘a’ are _______
a) 4, 5
b) 6, 7
c) 2, 3
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: 32-16=16, hence a=5, b=4.

9. Let A be {1, 2, 3, 4}, U be set of all natural numbers, then U-A’(complement of A) is given by set.
a) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ….}
b) {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ……}
c) {1, 2, 3, 4}
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: U – A’ ≡ A.

10. Which sets are not empty?

a) {x: x is a even prime greater than 3}
b) {x : x is a multiple of 2 and is odd}
c) {x: x is an even number and x+3 is even}
d) { x: x is a prime number less than 5 and is odd}
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Because the set is {3}.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Sets – Venn
Diagram”.

1. The shaded area of figure is best described by?

a) A ∩ B
b) A U B
c) A
d) B
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The region is A intersection B.
2. The shaded area of figure is best described by?

a) A‘ (Complement of A)
b) A U B -B
c) A ∩ B
d) B
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The region is complement of B.

3. If n(A)=20 and n(B)=30 and n(A U B) = 40 then n(A ∩ B) is?

a) 20
b) 30
c) 40
d) 10
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: n(A U B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∩ B).

4. The shaded area of figure is best described by?

a) A‘ (Complement of A)
b) B – (A ∩ B) – (C ∩ B)
c) A ∩ C ∩ B
d) B’ (Complement of B)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The region is difference B with A and C.

5. The relation between sets A, B, C as shown by venn diagram is __________

a) A is subset of B and B is subset of C
b) C is not a subset of A and A is subset of B
c) C is subset of B and B is subset of A
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: As set C is totally inside set B, set B is totally inside set A.

6. Let A: All badminton player are good sportsperson.

B: All person who plays cricket are good sportsperson.
Let X denotes set of all badminton players, Y of all cricket players, Z of all good sportsperson. Then which
of the following statements is correct?
a) Z contains both X and Y
b) Z contains X and Y is outside
c) X contains Y and Z
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: X and Y are subset of Z.

7. If n(A)=10, n(B)=30,n(C)=50 and if set A, B, C are pairwise disjoint then which of the following is
correct?
a) n(A U B)=0
b) n(B U C)=0
c) n(A U B U C)=90
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: All the statements are true based on definition.

8. In the given figure the if n(A)=20,n(U)=50,n(C)=10 and n(A∩B)=5 then n(B)=?

a) 35
b) 20
c) 30
d) 10
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Here n(B)= n(U) – n(A) + n(A∩B).

9. Let the students who likes table tennis be 12, the ones who like lawn tennis 10, those who like only
table tennis are 6, then number of students who likes only lawn tennis are, assuming there are total of
16 students.
a) 16
b) 8
c) 4
d) 10
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The students who only plays lawn tennis will be a total lawn tennis player – those who play
both the sports.

10. The shaded area of figure is best described by?

a) A‘ (Complement of A)
b) A U B – (A ∩ B)
c) A – B
d) B
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The region is complement of( A intersection B).

This set of Discrete Mathematics test focuses on “Algebraic Laws on Sets”.

1. Let C and D be two sets then which of the following statements are true?

i) C U D = D U C
ii) C ∩ D = D ∩ C

a) Both of the statements

b) Only i statement
c) Only ii statement
d) None of the statements
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Commutative laws hold good in sets.

2. If set C is {1, 2, 3, 4} and C – D = Φ then set D can be ___________

a) {1, 2, 4, 5}
b) {1, 2, 3}
c) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: C ∩ D should be equivalent to C for C – D = Φ.

3. Let C and D be two sets then C – D is equivalent to __________

a) C’ ∩ D
b) C‘∩ D’
c) C ∩ D’
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Set C-D will be having those elements which are in C but not in D.

4. For two sets C and D the set (C – D) ∩ D will be __________

a) C
b) D
c) Φ
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: C-D ≡ C ∩ D’, D ∩ D’ ≡ Φ.

5. Which of the following statement regarding sets is false?

a) A ∩ A = A
b) A U A = A
c) A – (B ∩ C) = (A – B) U (A –C)
d) (A U B)’ = A’ U B’
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: (A U B)’ = A’ ∩ B’.

6. Let C = {1,2,3,4} and D = {1, 2, 3, 4} then which of the following hold not true in this case?
a) C – D = D – C
b) C U D = C ∩ D
c) C ∩ D = C – D
d) C – D = Φ
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: C ∩ D = {1, 2, 3, 4} ≠ Φ.

7. If C’ U (D ∩ E’) is equivalent to __________

a) (C ∩ (D U E))’
b) (C ∩( D∩ E’))’
c) (C ∩( D’ U E))’
d) (C U ( D ∩ E’)’
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: (C’)’≡ C, (C∩ D)’ ≡ C’ U D’.

8. Let Universal set U is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, (Complement of A) A’ is {2, 5, 6, 7}, A ∩ B is {1, 3, 4} then
the set B’ will surely have of which of the element?
a) 8
b) 7
c) 1
d) 3
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The set A is {1,3,4,8} and thus surely B does not have 8 in it. Since 8 does not belong to A ∩
B. For other element like 7 we can’t be sure.

9. Let a set be A then A ∩ φ and A U φ are __________

a) φ, φ
b) φ, A
c) A, φ
d)None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: By Domination Laws on sets.

10. If in sets A, B, C, the set B ∩ C consists of 8 elements, set A ∩ B consists of 7 elements and set C ∩ A
consists of 7 elements then the minimum element in set A U B U C will be?
a) 8
b) 14
c) 22
d) 15
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: For minimum elements set B and C have 8 elements each and all of the elements are same,
Also set A should have 7 elements which are already present in B and C. Thus A U B U C ≡ A ≡ B.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Quiz focuses on “Cartesian Product of Sets”.

1. Let set A = {1, 2} and C be {3, 4} then A X B (Cartesian product of set A and B) is?
a) {1, 2, 3, 4}
b) {(1, 3),(2, 4)}
c) {(1, 3), (2, 4), (1, 4), (2, 3)}
d) {(3, 1), (4, 1)}
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In set A X B : {(c , d) |c ∈ A and d ∈ B}.

2. If set A has 4 elements and B has 3 elements then set n(A X B) is?
a) 12
b) 14
c) 24
d) 7
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The total elements in n(A X B) = n(A) * n(B).

3. If set A has 3 elements then number of elements in A X A X A are __________

a) 9
b) 27
c) 6
d) 19
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: n(A X A X A) = n(A)* n(A)* n(A).

4. Which of the following statements regarding sets is false?

a) A X B = B X A
b) A X B ≠ B X A
c) n(A X B) = n(A) * n(B)
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The Cartesian product of sets is not commutative.

5. If n(A X B) = n(B X A) = 36 then which of the following may hold true?

a) n(A)=2, n(B)=18
b) n(A)=9, n(B)=4
c) n(A)=6, n(b)=6
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: n(A) should be equal to n(B) for n(A X B) = n(B x A).

6. If C = {1} then C X (C X C) = (C X C) X C the given statement is true or false.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The Cartesian product is not associative, (C × C) × C = { ((1, 1), 1) } ≠ { (1,(1, 1)) } = C × (C × C).

7. Let the sets be A, B, C, D then (A ∩ B) X (C ∩ D) is equivalent to __________

a) (A X C) ∩ (B X D)
b) (A X D) U (B X C)
c) (A X C) U ( B X D)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: (A ∩ B) X (C ∩ D) = (A X C) ∩ (B X D) but in case of unions this is not true.

8. If A ⊆ B then A X C ⊆ B X C the given statement is true or false.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Let an arbitrary element x ∈ A and y ∈ C, then x ∈ B (subset property), (x,y) ∈ AX C also (x,y)
∈ B X C. This implies A X C ⊆ B X C.

9. If set A and B have 3 and 4 elements respectively then the number of subsets of set (A X B) is?
a) 1024
b) 2048
c) 512
d) 4096
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The A X B has 12 elements, then the number of the subset are 2 12 = 4096.

10. If set A X B=B X A then which of the following sets may satisfy?
a) A={1, 2, 3}, B={1, 2, 3, 4}
b) A={1, 2}, B={2, 1}
c) A={1, 2, 3}, B={2, 3, 4}
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: For set A X B = B X A, this is possible only when set A = B.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Subsets”.

1. If a set contains 3 elements then the number of subsets is?

a) 6
b) 3
c) 12
d) 8
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: For elements with n elements the number of subsets are 2 n.

2. The set containing all the collection of subsets is known as _________

a) Subset
b) Power set
c) Union set
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Power set contains all the subsets as its elements.
3. If a set is empty then number of subsets will be _________
a) 1
b) 2
c) 0
d) 4
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The set has zero elements so 2 o = 1.

4. If the number of subsets of a set are 4 then the number of elements in that sets are _________
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The number of elements be x then x 2 = 4 thus x=2.

5. The number of subsets of a set is 5.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The number of subsets will always be a power of 2.

6. The number of subsets of a set can be odd or even.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The number of subsets will be odd in case of empty set otherwise even.

7. Let a set be A={1, 2, 3} then the number of subsets containing two elements will be _________
a) 4
b) 3
c) 5
d) 8
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The subsets will be {1, 2}, {2, 3}, {1, 3}.
8. Let the set be A= {a, b, c, {a,b}} then which of the following is false?
a) {a, b} Є A
b) a Є A
c) {a} Є A
d) b, c ЄA
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Only elements belongs to a set, {a} is a subset of this set.

9. If A={1, 2, 3, 4}, then the number of the subsets of A that contain the element 2 but not 3, is?
a) 16
b) 4
c) 8
d) 24
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The subsets would be {1, 2, 4},{1, 2}, {2, 3}, {2}.

10. Let A(1), A(2), A(3),…….., A(100) be 100 sets such that number of elements in A(i)=i+1 and A(1) is
subset of A(2), A(2)is subset of A(3),….., A(99) is subset of A(100). The number of elements in union of
the all the sets are: n(A(1) U A(2) U A(3) …..U A(100)).
a) 99
b) 100
c) 101
d) 102
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Since all sets are subsets of A(100) therefore in union only elements of A(100)will
come.A(100) contains 101 elements.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Functions”.

1. A function is said to be ______________ if and only if f(a) = f(b) implies that a = b for all a and b in the
domain of f.
a) One-to-many
b) One-to-one
c) Many-to-many
d) Many-to-one
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A function is one-to-one if and only if f(a)≠f(b) whenever a≠b.

2. The function f(x)=x+1 from the set of integers to itself is onto. Is it True or False?
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: For every integer “y” there is an integer “x ” such that f(x) = y.

3. The value of ⌊1/2.⌊5/2⌋ ⌋ is ______________

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 0.5
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The value of ⌊5/2⌋ is 2 so, the value of ⌊1/2.2⌋ is 1.

4. Which of the following function f: Z X Z → Z is not onto?

a) f(a, b) = a + b
b) f(a, b) = a
c) f(a, b) = |b|
d) f(a, b) = a – b
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The function is not onto as f(a)≠b.

5. The domain of the function that assign to each pair of integers the maximum of these two integers is
___________
a) N
b) Z
c) Z +
d) Z+ X Z+
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The domain of the integers is Z+ X Z+.

6. Let f and g be the function from the set of integers to itself, defined by f(x) = 2x + 1 and g(x) = 3x + 4.
Then the composition of f and g is ____________
a) 6x + 9
b) 6x + 7
c) 6x + 6
d) 6x + 8
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The composition of f and g is given by f(g(x)) which is equal to 2(3x + 4) + 1.

7. __________ bytes are required to encode 2000 bits of data.

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 8
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Two bytes are required to encode 2000 (actually with 2 bytes you can encode up to and
including 65,535.

8. The inverse of function f(x) = x3 + 2 is ____________

a) f -1 (y) = (y – 2) 1/2
b) f -1 (y) = (y – 2) 1/3
c) f -1 (y) = (y) 1/3
d) f -1 (y) = (y – 2)
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: To find the inverse of the function equate f(x) then find the value of x in terms of y such
that f -1 (y) = x.

9. The function f(x) = x3 is bijection from R to R. Is it True or False?

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The function f(x) = x3 is one to one as no two values in domain are assigned the same value
of the function and it is onto as all R of the co domain is images of elements in the domain.

10. The g -1({0}) for the function g(x)= ⌊x⌋ is ___________

a) {x | 0 ≤ x < 1}
b) {x | 0 < x ≤ 1}
c) {x | 0 < x < 1}
d) {x | 0 ≤ x ≤ 1}
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: g({0}) for the function g(x) is {x | 0 ≤ x ≤ 1}. Put g(x) = y and find the value of x in terms of y
such that ⌊x⌋ = y.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice s & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Growth of Functions”.

1. If f(x) = (x3 – 1) / (3x + 1) then f(x) is?

a) O(x2)
b) O(x)
c) O(x2 / 3)
d) O(1)
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: 0 < (x3 – 1) / (3x + 1) < x2.

2. If f(x) = 3x2 + x3logx, then f(x) is?

a) O(x2)
b) O(x3)
c) O(x)
d) O(1)
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: 0 < 3x2 < x3, it follows that 0 < 3x2 + x3logx < x3. Consequently, f(x) = O(x3).

3. The big-O notation for f(n) = (nlogn + n 2)(n3 + 2) is?

a) O(n2)
b) O(3n)
c) O(n4)
d) O(n5)
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: 0 < n3 + 2 < n3, it follows that (nlogn + n2)(n3 + 2) is less than equal to n5.

4. The big-theta notation for function f(n) = 2n 3 + n – 1 is?

a) n
b) n2
c) n3
d) n4
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: 2n3 + n – 1 is less than equal to n3.

5. The big-theta notation for f(n) = nlog(n 2 + 1) + n2logn is?

a) n2logn
b) n2
c) logn
d) nlog(n2)
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: n2logn < n3, it follows that nlog(n2 + 1) + n2logn is less than n3 and greater than n2logn.

5. The big-omega notation for f(x, y) = x 5y3 + x4y4 + x3y5 is?

a) x5y3
b) x5y5
c) x3y3
d) x4y4
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: x5y3, x4y4 and x3y5 is greater than or equal to x3y3.

6. If f1(x) is O(g(x)) and f2(x) is o(g(x)), then f1(x) + f2(x) is?

a) O(g(x))
b) o(g(x))
c) O(g(x)) + o(g(x))
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: f2(x) is less than O(g(x)). So, f1(x) + f2(x) upper bound is O(g(x)).

7. The little-o notation for f(x) = xlogx is?

a) x
b) x3
c) x2
d) xlogx
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Find the limit for xlogx / x 2 as x tends to infinity.

8. The big-O notation for f(n) = 2log(n!) + (n 2 + 1)logn is?

a) n
b) n2
c) nlogn
d) n2logn
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: log(n!) < n2logn, it follows that 2log(n!) + (n2 + 1)logn is less than or equal n2logn.

9. The big-O notation for f(x) = 5logx is?

a) 1
b) x
c) x2
d) x3
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: logx < x, it follows that 5logx < x.

10. The big-Omega notation for f(x) = 2x4 + x2 – 4 is?

a) x2
b) x3
c) x
d) x4
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: 2x4 + x2 – 4 is greater than or equal to x4.

This set of Discrete Mathematics MCQs focuses on “Domain and Range of Functions”.

1. What is the domain of a function?

a) the maximal set of numbers for which a function is defined
b) the maximal set of numbers which a function can take values
c) it is a set of natural numbers for which a function is defined
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Domain is the set of all the numbers on which a function is defined. It may be real as well.

2. What is domain of function f(x)= x1/2?

a) (2, ∞)
b) (-∞, 1)
c) [0, ∞)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A square root function is not defined for negative real numbers.

3. What is the range of a function?

a) the maximal set of numbers for which a function is defined
b) the maximal set of numbers which a function can take values
c) it is set of natural numbers for which a function is defined
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Range is the set of all values which a function may take.

4. What is domain of function f(x) = x -1 for it to be defined everywhere on domain?

a) (2, ∞)
b) (-∞, ∞) – {0}
c) [0, ∞)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Function x-1 is not defined for x=0, otherwise it defined for every real number.

5. The range of function f(x) = sin(x) is (-∞, ∞).

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A sine function takes values between -1 and 1,thus range is [-1, 1].

6. Codomain is the subset of range.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Range is the subset of codomain, that is every value in the range is in codomain but vice-
versa it is not true.

7. What is range of function f(x) = x -1 which is defined everywhere on its domain?

a) (-∞, ∞)
b) (-∞, ∞) – {0}
c) [0, ∞)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Function x-1 may take any real number hence it’s range is all real numbers.

8. If f(x) = 2x then range of the function is?

a) (-∞, ∞)
b) (-∞, ∞) – {0}
c) (0, ∞)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The function cannot take negative values,hence range is (0, ∞).

9. If f(x) = x2 + 4 then range of f(x) is given by?

a) [4, ∞)
b) (-∞, ∞) – {0}
c) (0, ∞)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Since minimum value of x 2 is 0, thus x2 +4 may take any value between [4,∞).

10. Let f(x)=sin2(x) + log(x) then domain of f(x) is (-∞, ∞).

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Domain is (0, ∞), since log(x) is not defined for negative numbers and zero.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Number of
Functions”.

1. An injection is a function which is?

a) many-one
b) one-one
c) onto
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: One-One functions are also known as injection.

2. A mapping f : X → Y is one one if __________

a) f(x1) ≠ f(x2) for all x1, x2 in X
b) If f(x1) = f(x2) then x1 = x2 for all x1, x2 in X
c) f(x1) = f(x2) for all x1, x2 in X
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In one one function every element in A should have unique image in B,thus if two image
are equal this means there preimages are same.

3. A function is defined by mapping f : A → B such that A contains m elements and B contains n elements
and m ≤ n then number of one one functions are _________
a) nCm x m!
b) nCm x n!
c) 0
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: From n elements in B we need to select m elements and then arrange them in all ways,
thus answer=nCm x m!.

4. A function is defined by mapping f : A -> B such that A contains m elements and B contains n elements
and m>n then number of one one functions are ________
a) nCm x m!
b) nCm x n!
c) 0
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Since for function to be defined every element should have a image, since m > n atleast one
element need to have same image, thus we can’t form any unique images and hence the number of one
one function are zero.

5. For an onto function range is equivalent to codomain.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Since in onto function every image should have preimage thus all the elements in codomain
should have preimages.

6. Onto function are known as injection.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Onto functions are known as surjection.

7. Set A has 3 elements and set B has 4 elements then number of injections defined from A to B are?
a) 12
b) 24
c) 36
d) 48
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation:Injections will be 4C3 x 3!=24.

8. A function is defined by mapping f : A → B such that A contains m elements and B contains n elements
and 1≤n≤m then number of onto functions are ________
a) r=1∑r=n nCr (-1)n-r rm
b) r=1∑r=n nCr (-1)n-r rn
c) r=1∑r=n nCr (-1)m-r rn
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The number of onto function is equal tpo the coffecient of x m in m!(ex – 1)n.

9. A function is defined by mapping f:A→B such that A contains m elements and B contains n elements
and m > n then number of bijections are ________
a) nCm x m!
b) nCm x n!
c) 0
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Since we can’t define any one one function in such case so number of bujections will be
zero.
10. A bijection is a function which is many-one and onto.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A bijection is a function which is one-one(injection) and onto(surjection).

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Floor and
Ceiling Function”.

1. A floor function map a real number to ___________

a) smallest previous integer
b) greatest previous integer
c) smallest following integer
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Floor function f(x) is the largest integer not greater than x.

2. A ceil function map a real number to __________

a) smallest previous integer
b) greatest previous integer
c) smallest following integer
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Ceil function f(x) is the smallest integer not less than x.

3. A function f(x) is defined as f(x) = x – [x], where [.] represents GIF then __________
a) f(x) will be intergral part of x
b) f(x) will be fractional part of x
c) f(x) will always be 0
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A integral part of a number is subtracted from that number we are left with the fractional
part of that number.

4. Floor(2.4) + Ceil(2.9) is equal to __________

a) 4
b) 6
c) 5
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Floor(2.4) = 2, Ceil(2.9) = 3, 2 + 3 = 5.

5. For some integer n such that x < n < x + 1, ceil(x) < n.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: If x < n < x + 1 then ceil(x) = n.

6. For some number x, Floor(x) <= x <= Ceil(x).

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Floor function f(x) is the largest integer not greater than x and ceil function f(x) is the
smallest integer not less than x.

7. If x, and y are positive numbers both are less than one, then maximum value of floor(x + y) is?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) -1
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Since x < 1 and y < 1 this implies x + y < 2 which means maximium value of floor(x + y) is 1.

8. If x, and y are positive numbers both are less than one, then maximum value of ceil(x + y) is?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) -1
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Since x < 1 and y < 1 this implies x + y < 2 which means maximum value of ceil(x + y) is 2.
9. If X = Floor(X) = Ceil(X) then __________
a) X is a fractional number
b) X is a Integer
c) X is less than 1
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Only in case of integers X = Floor(X) = Ceil(X) holds good.

10. Let n be some integer greater than 1,then floor((n-1)/n) is 1.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Since (n-1)/n will always be less than one thus f floor((n-1)/n) is 0.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Questions and Answers for Entrance exams focuses on “Inverse of a
Function”.

1. For an inverse to exist it is necessary that a function should be __________

a) injection
b) bijection
c) surjection
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Inverse exist only for those functions which are one one and onto.

2. If f(x) = y then f-1(y) is equal to __________

a) y
b) x
c) x2
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: On giving inverse, image the function returns preimage thus f -1 (y) = x.

3. A function f(x) is defined from A to B then f -1 is defined __________

a) from A to B
b) from B to A
c) depends on the inverse of function
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Inverse associate each element in B with corresponding element in A.

4. If f is a function defined from R to R, is given by f(x) = 3x – 5 then f –1(x) is given by __________

a) 1/(3x-5)
b) (x+5)/3
c) does not exist since it is not a bijection
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: y = 3x-5, x = (y+5)/3, f -1(x) = (x+5)/3.

5. For some bijective function inverse of that function is not bijective.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: If f(x) is a bijection than f -1(x) is also a bijection.

6. f(x) is a bijection than f -1(x) is a mirror image of f(x) around y = x.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Inverse of a function is the mirror image of function in line y = x.

7. If f is a function defined from R to R, is given by f(x) = x 2 then f -1(x) is given by?

a) 1/(3x-5)
b) (x+5)/3
c) does not exist since it is not a bijection
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: It is not a one one function hence Inverse does not exist.

8. For any function fof -1(x) is equal to?

a) x
b) 1
c) x2
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation:Compostion of a function with its inverse gives x.

9. The solution to f(x) = f -1(x) are __________

a) no solutions in any case
b) same as solution to f(x) = x
c) infinite number of solution for every case
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Inverse of a function is the mirror image of function in line y = x.

10. Let f(x) = x then number of solution to f(x) = f -1(x) is zero.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Since inverse of a function is the mirror image of function in line y = x, therefore in this case
infinte solution will exist.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Arithmetic
Sequences”.

1. Let the sequence be 1, 3, 5, 7, 9……… then this sequence is ____________

a) An arithmetic sequence
b) A geometric progression
c) A harmonic sequence
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The difference in any term with the previous term is same.

2. In the given AP series find the number of terms?

5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20.........50.

a) 11
b) 13
c) 15
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: nth term = first_term + (number_of_terms – 1)common_differnce., 50 = 5 + (n-1)3, n=16.

3. In the given AP series the term at position 11 would be?

5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20.........50.

a) 35
b) 45
c) 25
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: nth term = a + (n – 1)d, nth term = 5+(11-1)3 = 35.

4. For the given Arithmetic progression find the position of first negative term?

50, 47, 44, 41,............

a) 17
b) 20
c) 18
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Let nth term=0, the next term would be first negative term.
0 = 50 + (n-1) – 3, n = 17.66.. therfore at n = 18 the first negative term would occur.

5. For the given Arithmetic progression find the first negative term?

50, 47, 44, 41,............

a) -1
b) -2
c) -3
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Let nth term = 0, the next term would be first negative term.
0 = 50 +(n-1)- 3, n = 17.66.. therfore at n=18 the first negative term would occur. N th term = 50 + (18-1) –
3 = -1.

6. A series can either be AP only or GP only or HP only but not all at the same time.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: 1, 1, 1, 1, 1…….. is AP, GP and HP series.

7. In the given Arithmetic progression, ’25’ would be a term in it.

5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20.........50.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: nth term = a + (n-1)d, 25 = 5 + (n-1)3, n = 23/3, n = 7.666 not an integer. Thus 25 is not a
term in this series.

8. Which of the following sequeces in AP will have common difference 3, where n is an Integer?
a) an = 2n2 + 3n
b) an = 2n2 + 3
c) an = 3n2 + 3n
d) an = 5 + 3n
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: an = 5 + 3n it is a linear expression with coefficient of as 3. So it is AP with common
difference 3.

9. If a, b, c are in AP then relation between a, b, c can be _________

a) 2b = 2a + 3c
b) 2a = b + c
c) 2b = a + c
d) 2c = a + c
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The term b should be the airthmetic mean of of term a and c.
10. Let the sum of the 3 consecutive terms in AP be 180 then midlle of those 3 terms would be ________
a) 60
b) 80
c) 90
d) 179
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Let a1, b1, c1 be three terms, then a1 + b1 + c1 = 180, a1 + c1 = 2b1(A M property), 3b1 = 180,
b1=60.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Geometric
Sequences”.

1. Let the sequence be 2, 8, 32, 128,……… then this sequence is _______________

a) An arithmetic sequence
b) A geometic progression
c) A harmonic sequence
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The ratio of any term with previous term is same.

2. In the given Geometric progression find the number of terms.

32, 256, 2048, 16384,.........,250.

a) 11
b) 13
c) 15
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: nth term = first term(ration – 1)., 250 = 25(23(n-1)), n=15. This implies 16th term.

3. In the given Geometric progression the term at position 11 would be ___________

32, 256, 2048, 16384,.........,250.

a) 235
b) 245
c) 35
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: nth term = first term(ration – 1)., gn = 25(23(n-1)), n=11. This implies 235.

4. For the given Geometric progression find the position of first fractional term?

250, 247, 244,.........

a) 17
b) 20
c) 18
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Let nth term=1, the next term would be first fractional term.
Gn = 1 = 250(23(-n+1)), n=17.66.. therfore at n = 18 the first fractional term would occur.

5. For the given geometric progression find the first fractional term?

250, 247, 244,.........

a) 2-1
b) 2-2
c) 2-3
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Let nth term=1, the next term would be first fractional term.
Gn = 1 = 250( 2 3(-n+1)), n=17.66. Therefore at n=18 the first fractional term would occur. G n = 250( 2 3(-n+1)),
G18 = 2-1.

6. State whether the given statement is true or false.

1, 1, 1, 1, 1........ is a GP series.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The ratio of any term with previous term is same.

7. In the given Geometric progression, ‘2 25‘ would be a term in it.

32, 256, 2048, 16384,.........,250.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: nth term = first term(ration – 1)., gn = 225 = 25 (2 3(n-1)), n=23/3, n=7.666 not an integer. Thus
225 is not a term in this series.

8. Which of the following sequeces in GP will have common ratio 3, where n is an Integer?
a) gn = 2n2 + 3n
b) gn = 2n2 + 3
c) gn = 3n2 + 3n
d) gn = 6(3n-1)
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: gn = 6( 3n-1) it is a geometric expression with coefficient of constant as 3 n-1.So it is GP with
common ratio 3.

9. If a, b, c are in GP then relation between a, b, c can be ___________

a) 2b = 2a + 3c
b) 2a = b+c
c) b =(ac)1/2
d) 2c = a + c
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The term b should be the geometric mean of of term a and c.

10. Let the multiplication of the 3 consecutive terms in GP be 8 then midlle of those 3 terms would be
_______
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 179
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Let a, b, c be three terms, then a/r * a * ar = 8, b = (ac) 1/2 (G M property), b3 = 8, b = 2.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers focuses on “Arithmetic and
Geometric Mean”.
1. Let A1, A2, be two AM’s and G1, G2 be two GM’s between a and b,then (A 1 + A2) / G1G2 is equal to
_______
a) (a+b) / 2ab
b) 2ab/(a+b)
c) (a+b)/(ab)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A1 + A2 = a + b, G1G2 = ab.

2. The series a,(a+b)/2, b is in _______

a) AP
b) GP
c) HP
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: (a+b)/2 is AM between a, b. Hence series is in AP.

3. The series a, (ab)1/2, b is in _______

a) AP
b) GP
c) HP
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: (ab)1/2 is GM between a, b. Hence series is in GP.

4. If A and G be the A.M and G.M between two positive number then the numbers are A + (A 2 – G2)1/2, A
– (A2 – G2)1/2.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The equation having its roots as given equation is
x2 – 2Ax + G2 = 0 which implies
x = A + (A2 – G2)1/2, A – (A2 – G2)1/2.

5. If one geometric mean G and two airthmetic mean A 1, A2 are inserted between two numbers, then
(2A1 – A2) (2A2 – A1) is equal to _______
a) 2G
b) G
c) G2
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Let a and b be two numbers then, G = (ab) 1/2, A1 = (2a+b)/3, A2 = (a+2b)/3, (2A1 – A2) = a,
(2A2 – A1) = b, (2A1 – A2)(2A2 – A1) = G2.

6. State whether the given statement is true or false.

AM ≤ GM.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Airthmetic Mean is always greater or equal to the geometric mean.

7. If between two numbers which are root of given equation. x 2 – 18x + 16 = 0, a GM is inserted then the
value of that GM is?
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 16
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: x2 – 2Ax + G2 = 0, here G2 = 16 and therefore G = 4.

8. If a1, a2, a3 are in airthemetic as well as geometric progression then which of the following is/are
correct?
a) 2a2 = a1 + a3
b) a2 = (a1a3)1/2
c) a2 – a1 = a3 -a2
d) All of the mentioned are correct
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: a2 is AM, GM between a1, a3, also the series is in AP so common difference should be same.

9. If a1, a2, a3 are in GP then 1/a1, 1/a2, 1/a3 are in ___________

a) AP
b) GP
c) HP
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Let the terms be ar, a, a/r then reciprocals are 1/(ar), 1/a, r/a. Still the terms are in GP.

10. If a1, a2, a3…….. are in AP then if a7 = 15, then the value of common difference that would make
a2 a7 a12 greatest is?
a) 2
b) 0
c) 4
d) 9
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Let d be common difference of the AP. Then,
a2 a7 a12 = (15 – 5d)(15)(15 + 5d) = 375(9 – d2)
For maximum value d=0.

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers focuses on “Arithmetic and
Geometric Mean”.

1. Let A1, A2, be two AM’s and G1, G2 be two GM’s between a and b,then (A 1 + A2) / G1G2 is equal to
_______
a) (a+b) / 2ab
b) 2ab/(a+b)
c) (a+b)/(ab)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A1 + A2 = a + b, G1G2 = ab.

2. The series a,(a+b)/2, b is in _______

a) AP
b) GP
c) HP
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: (a+b)/2 is AM between a, b. Hence series is in AP.
3. The series a, (ab)1/2, b is in _______
a) AP
b) GP
c) HP
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: (ab)1/2 is GM between a, b. Hence series is in GP.

4. If A and G be the A.M and G.M between two positive number then the numbers are A + (A 2 – G2)1/2, A
– (A2 – G2)1/2.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The equation having its roots as given equation is
x2 – 2Ax + G2 = 0 which implies
x = A + (A2 – G2)1/2, A – (A2 – G2)1/2.

5. If one geometric mean G and two airthmetic mean A 1, A2 are inserted between two numbers, then
(2A1 – A2) (2A2 – A1) is equal to _______
a) 2G
b) G
c) G2
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Let a and b be two numbers then, G = (ab) 1/2, A1 = (2a+b)/3, A2 = (a+2b)/3, (2A1 – A2) = a,
(2A2 – A1) = b, (2A1 – A2)(2A2 – A1) = G2.

6. State whether the given statement is true or false.

AM ≤ GM.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Airthmetic Mean is always greater or equal to the geometric mean.

7. If between two numbers which are root of given equation. x 2 – 18x + 16 = 0, a GM is inserted then the
value of that GM is?
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 16
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: x2 – 2Ax + G2 = 0, here G2 = 16 and therefore G = 4.

8. If a1, a2, a3 are in airthemetic as well as geometric progression then which of the following is/are
correct?
a) 2a2 = a1 + a3
b) a2 = (a1a3)1/2
c) a2 – a1 = a3 -a2
d) All of the mentioned are correct
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: a2 is AM, GM between a1, a3, also the series is in AP so common difference should be same.

9. If a1, a2, a3 are in GP then 1/a1, 1/a2, 1/a3 are in ___________

a) AP
b) GP
c) HP
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Let the terms be ar, a, a/r then reciprocals are 1/(ar), 1/a, r/a. Still the terms are in GP.

10. If a1, a2, a3…….. are in AP then if a7 = 15, then the value of common difference that would make
a2 a7 a12 greatest is?
a) 2
b) 0
c) 4
d) 9
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Let d be common difference of the AP. Then,
a2 a7 a12 = (15 – 5d)(15)(15 + 5d) = 375(9 – d2)
For maximum value d=0.
This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Harmonic
Sequences”.

1. If a1, a2……… are in AP then a1-1, a2-1……… are in __________

a) An airthmetic sequence
b) A geometic progression
c) Airthmetico-geometric progression
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: If a1, a2……… are in AP, then a1-1, a2-1……… are in Harmonic Progression.

2. The ninth term of 1⁄3, 1⁄7, 1⁄11, 1⁄15, 1⁄19,……… is given by?

a) 1⁄35
b) 1⁄36
c) 1⁄39
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Since here a1-1, a2-1……… are in AP thus a9 = 3 + (9-1)4 = 35, 1⁄35 is h9 term of the series.

3. If for some number a and d, if first term is 1⁄a, second term is 1/(a+d), thrid term is 1/(a+2d) and so on,
then 5th term of the sequence is?
a) a+4d
b) a-4d
c) 1/(a+4d)
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The given sequence will form HP, thus 5 th term will be (a+(5-1)d) – 1.

4. If a, b, c are in hp then a-1, b-1, c-1 are in _________

a) GP
b) HP
c) AP
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: If a1, a2……… are in AP then a1-1, a2-1……… are in Harmonic Progression.
5. If a, b, c are in hp, then b is related with a and c as _________
a) 2(1⁄b) = (1⁄a + 1⁄c)
b) 2(1⁄c) = (1⁄b + 1⁄c)
c) 2(1⁄a) = (1⁄a + 1⁄b)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: 1⁄a, 1⁄b, 1⁄c willl be in airthmentic series and 1⁄b will be the AM of a, c.

6. For number A, C if H is harmonic mean, G is geometric mean then H>=G.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Geometric mean is always greater than or equal to the harmonic mean.

7. For number B, C if H is harmonic mean, A is the airthmetic mean then H>=A.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Airthmetic mean is always greater than or equal to harmonic mean.

8. Which of the following gives the right inequality for AM, GM, HM?
a) AM>=HM>=GM
b) GM>=AM>=HM
c) AM>=GM>=HM
d) GM>=HM>=AM
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Airthmetic mean is always greater than or equal to geometric mean,geometric mean is
always greater than or equal to harmonic mean.

9. For two number a,b HM between them is given by?

a) (2b+2a )/3b
b) 2ab/(a+b)
c) (a+b)/2ab
d) 2b/(a+b)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Let c be the hm, 2⁄c = 1⁄a + 1⁄b (AM property), c = 2b/(a+b).

10. If A, G, H are the AM, GM, HM between a and b respectively then?

a) A, G, H are in hp
b) A, G, H are in gp
c) A, G, H are in ap
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A = (a+b)/2, G = (ab)1/2, H = 2b/(a+b), clearly AxH = G2 thus A, G, H are in gp.