Advanced Research in Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Print ISSN: 2349-5804; Online ISSN: 2349-5812 Volume 2, Number 1 October-December (2014) pp. 66-68
© Krishi Sanskriti Publications
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Optical Ring Architecture Using 4-Nodes WDM

Add/Drop Multiplexer Based SSMF
Essa Ibrahim Essa AL-JUBORIE*1 and Khalil I. A. AL-SAIF2
1
Dept. of Comp. Sc., College of Comp. and Math. Sc., Tikrit University Salah AL-Deen, Iraq
1
Dept. of Comp. Sc., College of Comp. and Math. Sc., Mosul University Mosul, Iraq
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: Rapidly increasing on traffic demands in network due to channels can be added dynamically. OADM, with the ability
different service applications like broadband access, and video on to selectively drop and/or add individual channel or subset of
demand pushing to deployment optical network. In this article, we wavelength(s) from the transmission system without full opto-
demonstrate simulation of an architecture enabled by the optical electronic regeneration of all wavelengths makes it possible to
wavelength division multiplexer-add/drop multiplexer (WDM-ADM)
to introduce wavelength elimination of (O-E-O) operations, and
manipulate the traffic on the wavelength basis at the optical
satisfy reconfiguration requirements and to enhance network layer [4]. By using WDM technologies , more users are
protection. Furthermore, this architecture is truly scalable in term of allowed through each port, and high bandwidth light paths are
handling additional wavelengths or nodes with efficiently manner. provided for users, although the number of wavelengths that
This simulation can be applied on the existing optical fiber can be contained is still limited [5], and [6].
communication network with ultimately reduce the cost, and
operational expenditure for overall network system. To be design, The cost is an important problem in designing and
simulate, test, and verified our architecture we use the OptiSystem implementing any system, especially the recent business
7.0 Package is a license product of Optiwave Corporation (Canadian
downturn puts more significant pressure on substation cost
Based Company).
reduction while improving performance simultaneously. By
1. INTRODUCTION elimination optical-electrical-optical (O-E-O) operations, cost
reduce, and operational expenditure (OpeExp) for overall
Rapidly growth in the demand of bandwidth need to creating network system [7].
the foundations and upgrading the optical network
infrastructure. The network hardware has been improving 2. OPTICAL SWITCHING
along with the bit rate [1], and [2]. An optical add/drop
multiplexers (OADM) are an emerging technology that can be Refer to Metcalfe’s law that the utility of growing in network
used to reduce the number of conversions between the proportionally to the square of the number of users connected
electrical and optical domains and frame processing time, to it[8].Unfortunately, as the number of users in a network
thus, decreasing the delay of the network. The objective is the increases, the complexity and expense of the network also
deployment of an optical network layer with the same increases. This leads to two competing goals of network
flexibility as the equivalent synchronous digital hierarchy design. The first one is, to allow communication between all
(SDH), because it is more economical and allows a better network users to maximize Metcalfe’s law. The other goal is
performance in the bandwidth utilization. OADM are the that networks must be economical; otherwise no one would
simplest passive element to introduce wavelength use them. Electric switching domain is relatively
management capabilities by enabling the selective insertion straightforward. Network frames typically contain a header
(add), and removal (drop) of optical channels. Also, providing that contains the source and destination of the frame. As
an access to all the wavelengths of the wavelength division switching is usually done at layer two (Data Link Layer) of the
multiplexer (WDM) signals with more flexibility to satisfy open system interconnect (OSI) model, the address is usually a
reconfiguration requirements and to enhance network media access control (MAC) address. The switch reads the
protection [3]. destination address and forwards the frame to the appropriate
port on the switch based upon internal address tables.
The OADM, can be divided into two categories namely, static
(fixed), and dynamic (reconfigurable). The former type Optical switching domain is not nearly as easy. The simplest
typically enables drop and/or add predetermined channels approach is to use a series of conversions. Optical signals are
while the latter type can provide much more flexibility, that is, generally switched by first converting the optical signal into
Optical Ring Architecture Using 4-Nodes WDM Add/Drop Multiplexer Based SSMF 67

an electric signal. The correct output address is determined by architecture was monitored through bit error (BER) analyzer,
the frame header. A second conversion, this time electrical to optical spectrum analyzer (OSA), and oscilloscope visualizer.
optical is then applied to the signal before it is sent out on the
correct port. This is expensive; the extra conversions and
processing introduces delay and raise the cost of the switch.
None-the-less, this is probably the most commonly used
method of switching used today[9]. A third technique for
WDM networks is to use OADMs. An OADM takes a multi-
wavelength signal arriving in an input fiber, drops one or more
pre-selected wavelengths from the signal, and adds one or
more pre-selected wavelengths into the multi-wavelength
signal that exits in an output fiber. Wavelengths carrying
transit traffic pass straight through the OADM. Processing in
an OADM is performed entirely in the optical domain to avoid
the conversions between the electrical and optical domains.
Thus, there is very little delay introduced in an OADM [10]-
[13].

3. EXPERIMENT SETUP
The implemented network was simulated, tested, and verified
Fig. 1: Main layout ADM network.
using the OptiSystem 7.0 Package. The main layout system
setup are shown in Fig. 1. Functionality of the WDM-ADM is
demonstrated using experimental network in Fig. 2 was used
through the experiment. Four nodes (subsystem) each of them
have a one input and four outputs, and contains these
components (WDM-ADM with frequency (193.1THz), optical
attenuator with attenuation (3.8dB) to attenuate optical signals,
merge optical signal bands to merges multiple sampled signals
into one signal, positive intrinsic negative (PIN) was used to
detect an optical signal and convert it to an electrical signal,
4th order low pass Bessel filter with cutoff frequency
(0.75*Bitrate), Pseudo-Random Bit Sequence Generator
(PRBS), Non-return-to- zero generator (NRZ), Continuous
Wave Laser with frequency (193.1 THz) and power with
(3dBm), Mach-Zehnder Modulator to modulate an electrical
signal on an optical signal, and 2-Forks as passive
component), and ring control with iteration loops, an ideal
Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) which is concerned
with the values of gain and noise figure, these two values are
fairly straightforward, as the gain is set to compensate for Fig. 2: Show The Subsystem For Each Node.
power loss in fiber, meanwhile the gain and noise figure are
set to (10dB and 4dB) respectively, 4-spans Standard Single
4. RESULT
Mode Fiber (SSMF) with (12.5km) for each the SSMF it has a
step index profile. It is characterized by a large dispersion and The performance of our simulation network is assessed by the
a moderate loss. The most common fiber, which complies with BER analyzer on the removed channel Fig. 3 demonstrate the
ITU-T recommendation G.652, has a typical chromatic BER performance between node 2, and node 3, Fig. 4 show
dispersion (CD) of around (17ps/nm/km at 1550nm) and loss the BER between node 1, and node 4. As we see in Fig. 4 the
of around (0.2dB/km). SSMF is attractive because of its power penalty is (-46dBm) measured for all nodes due to cross
moderate loss. In addition it is well adopted to WDM talk induced by the leak of the signal power. Direct detection
transmission because of its high resistance to nonlinear effects. eye diagram of the drop channel for a (5.65*10-6 and 3.74*10-
This is mainly a result of the large CD, which reduces 15
) BER. Fig. 5 shows the power (dBm) versus wavelength
interaction between channels. The Bandwidth is set to 10Gbps, (nm) at gain flatness for 10dBm after EDFA. This cross talk
as sequence length equal to (128bits), sample per bit is (64), lead to small optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR). From the
and number of samples is (8192). By the way, the system wide horizontal eye opening is present no Inter Symbols
Interference (ISI).

Advanced Research in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (AREEE)

Print ISSN: 2349-5804; Online ISSN: 2349-5812 Volume 2, Number 1 October-December (2014)
68 Essa Ibrahim Essa AL-JUBORIE and Khalil I. A. AL-SAIF

15
( 10 ), and Max Q-Factor with (4.35) that indicates the
network show good performance, provide valuable features
such elimination of (O-E-O) operations, and satisfy
reconfiguration requirements and to enhance network.
protection. Furthermore, this architecture is truly scalable in
term of handling additional wavelengths or nodes with
efficiently manner. This simulation can be applied on the
existing optical fiber communication network with ultimately
reduce the cost, and operational expenditure for overall
network system.

Fig. 3: BER performance between node 2, and node 3. REFERENCES

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Advanced Research in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (AREEE)

Print ISSN: 2349-5804; Online ISSN: 2349-5812 Volume 2, Number 1 October-December (2014)