SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Contemporary Arts from the

Region
2nd Semester – 1st Quarter -
Module 1

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

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Introduction
Let us begin with the Pre-colonial arts or Indigenous arts. These were the arts made by the people
before the foreigners came to colonize our country. These are expressions integrated within rituals which
were based from the significant moments of the people’s lives in the community like ceremonies, planting,
harvesting and among others. Other forms were pottery, weaving, carving, metalwork, and jewelry which
do exist at present.
Long time ago, our ancestors were hunter gatherers. The ritual of praying for strength and feasting
on the animal that they caught was involved before. How did the different forms of art begin from these
rituals? Literature started when they told their stories about how they hunted animals and devised
alphabets for them to write their stories down. The theater started when they imitated how the animals
moved. Music and dance started when they added the drum beating and assigned a beat to their
movements.
To illustrate some of these arts, we have the Cañao in the Cordillera Autonomous Region
where animals are sacrificed for these purposes: healing, announcement of the birth of a child, or a
coming of age during wakes, weddings, and burial ceremonies. Another is the ritual Kashawing in
Lake Lanao in Mindanao which involves a re-enactment of the agreement made by the ancestors of
the community and the unseen spirits that dwell in the lake. The Tagbanwa in Palawan believe that
their planting of rice will be blessed by three goddesses who go down from heaven. The shamans go
into spell while ritual chanting and dancing are going on which they believed that they are taken over
by the goddesses.
The people long time ago also possessed a vibrant musical culture. They had instruments such as
pipes, flutes, zithers, drums, various string instruments like the kudyapi, a three stringed guitar, the
kulintang – an array of bossed gongs, the gansa or flat gong, bamboo percussion instruments and the
agong, a large bossed gong.
In terms of dance movements, they mimic movements of the animals, humans, and elements from nature.
To name some, we have the Pangalay from the Sulu archipelago which is imitative of the movement of the
seabirds. We also have the Mandaya’s kinabua, the banog-banog of the Higaonon and of the B’laan
communities, and the man-manok of the Bagobos of Mindanao which copy the movement of the seabirds.
In Ifugao, the talip dance which is used in courtship would mimic the movements of the wild fowls. The
funny movements of the monkeys are likewise imitated by the Matigsalugs in their inamong dance and the
T’bolis in their kadaliwas dance. A popular Tagalog folk dance which is often shown to tourists is the
Tinikling which is similar to the movements of the crane in which the dancers have to be alert always so
they won’t be clutched by the bamboo traps.
The Filipinos before colonization carved images like the bulul of the Cordillerans. This image is a
granary god that plays an important role in rituals. You can also see this image in containers, bowls, and
spoons. Another image, a wooden bench produced by the Ifugaos that marks the socioeconomic status of
the owner, is called Hagabi. We also have the sculpture of saints called Santos which were carved by
Christian Communities in Laguna and Pampanga. In Southern Philippine, there are curvilinear
decorations called Okir (Ukkil in Tausug/Samal/Badjao). The torogan which is the ancestral home of a
sultan or the highest titleholder in a Maranao village has its protruding beams or the panolong designed
with okir.
With regards to pottery, there was a jar that was discovered in Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Point, and
Palawan which was a secondary burial vessel where buried bones were positioned. This is named as the
Manunggul Jar of the late Neolithic period (890-710 BC). This jar, with reddish hematite and carved with
curvilinear designs and with two anthropomorphic or human forms atop the lid, was being transported by
a paddling man and this is a representation to a travel to the afterlife. Another burial jar was found in
Ayuv Cave in Maitum, Saranggani province during the Metal Age (5 BC – 225 AD) where the human figure
is more noticeable in this jar. Other forms of pottery used before were the palayok used for cooking, banga
and tapayan used for fermenting food or keeping liquids. In Vigan,one which is valued in Ilocos as part of
its creative industry is the traditional Pagbuburnay.
Textiles are not only useful, they also convey about the belief systems of the people: the respect for
spirits and nature, criteria for the beautiful, and the structure
of socio- politics in their society. In traditional weaving, the people get the fibers from plants like cotton,
abaca, and pineapple leaves and they extract the pigments from clay, roots, and leaves of plants. They use
a backstrap loom or a pedal loom to weave designs that hold special meaning for a particular cultural
group. To name some we have the pis siyabit which is a Tausug headpiece woven in Sulu. The Malong is a
woven textile from Maranao with exquisite tapestry panels called langkit woven in Lanao del Sur.
The colourful double-layered tepo mat in Sama of Tawi-Tawi is made of pandan leaves. In Itbayat,
Batanes , there are baskets which are are made of nito and bamboo which are used as head sling to carry
harvests. They are called the Ovaloid Baskets. There are sturdy bamboo strips that are woven to create
fish traps in Ilocos region and they are called bubo.
The Filipinos adorned their bodies through tattoos and jewelries. Jewelries were worn by upper
class Tagalogs while tattoos were seen among the Visayans, corroborating early accounts that referred to
the Visayas as “Islas de los Pintados”. Aside from the idea that tattooing is an art, a tattoo was given
importance because it was believed to guard the individual from evil spirits, and in some cases, it was

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considered as a mark of maturity and bravery. Those who practice tattooing include Kalinga, Kankanay,
Ibaloy and Ifugao. With regards to jewelries, it is believed that the wearer becomes more attractive to the
opposite sex in as much as it is considered pleasing to the gods. The T’boli are known to wear brass
chains, bells and colorful beads to complete their elaborate ensemble.
The people from Maranao of Lanao del Sur produce the lotoans or betel nut boxes of various
shapes, made of brass or bronze giving attention to details to this metalwork. Other examples are the
kendi and the gandur which are status symbols or as heirloom pieces. The kendi is a vessel used for
pouring liquids while the gadur is a container with a tapered top, a round body, and a flared base.

Art is an expression of the feelings, imagination and creativity of an individual. It has no

boundaries and it is of big help whenever we feel the need to express what we feel at the moment.
Here are some definitions of art by some personalities:
“Art is the perception of value in a creation that touches, inspires appreciation, and enriches the
human experience”. – Wallace Easter, Associate Professor, Music-Horn
“Art is the ability to make connections, tell a story, and inspire others through the usage of color,
music, movement, and craftsmanship”. – Daveisha Gibson, M.F.A Candidate in Arts Leadership
“To me, art is a creative expression with a purpose”. Lindsay Bass, double major in Mechanical
Engineering and Vocal Performance.
“ Art is our first language … It is a universal language.” Willie Caldwell, M.F.A.
Candidate in Arts Leadership
In a nutshell, art entails expression, creation, and purpose. Whenever we wanted to create
something, it is because of what we are experiencing at the moment or in the past that expression of
oneself would somehow inspire or help other people who are of the same plight.
What is your notion about the word modern?
You probably would say it is anything that is advanced or being updated and contemporary. You
can say that modern and contemporary are interchangeable. As to the historical and chronological
overview suggested by Arts Studies Professors Fajardo and Flores titled “Historical Overview of Philippine
Art” (2002), during the Postwar Republic
(1946-1969) are the modern, conservative, abstract, experimental and public art while 70s –
Contemporary are the Figurative, non-figurative art, multimedia, mixed media and transmedia. Thus, we
can see here that there is a difference between the two as to their period.
Let us first illustrate the arts that were done in the past until the contemporary periods.
During the Pre-Colonial Times, arts were for rituals and daily use as was 6 presented a while ago.
Here are some pictures of their art works:

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Islamic Colonial (13th century to the present)

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 In Islamic art, the artists were influenced by the doctrine of Tawhid or unity of God. This belief
emphasizes the greatness of the divine being. Through the abstract forms of patterns in the interior of the
mosques,the believers can concentrate mentally, thus divine unity is achieved.
In regards to architecture, all Islamic buildings are required to follow Tawhid and other Islamic
beliefs. Some parts of the mosque like the niche or mirhab must face the west, must be oriented toward
Mecca to show oneness with other Islamic communities.
Okir decorations can be seen in Tausug and Sama houses, traditional boats, weapons, musical
instruments, and in textiles. It has been observed that Islamic arts are in upward orientation like the
panolong in torogan , the royal shelter of Maranao,with the regard for heaven and in turning away from the
“material earth.”

Spanish Colonial Period ( 1521 – 1898)

Most of the art forms during this era were religious arts for the purpose of converting the Filipinos
to Catholicism. Churches were a combination of both native and European elements that is why art
historians refer the style as colonial baroque or Phialippine baroque. Inside the churches were images of
saints made out of wood or ivory. They are displayed in decorative altars called the retablo. They brought
western musical instruments like the violin, pipe organ, the guitar and the piano. They also introduced the
pasyon or pabasa which is the biblical narration of Christ’s passion in an improvised melody.
The awit and corrido grew among the lowland Christian communities of Pampanga, Ilocos, Bicol
and Iloilo. These were secular musical forms based from European literature and history that were
chanted stories popular among the peasants. What also evolved during this period are the kundiman and
the balitao. The balitao are sentimental love songs. The kundiman is a song where the lyrics talks about
the love that is not reciprocated. It also spoke of resignation and fatalism. An example is Kundiman ni
Abdon, a kundiman which is a protest against the Martial Law in the seventees and the song Bayan Ko
which became popular during the EDSA Revolution.
The Baybayin written on a big stone that was discovered in Ticao, Leyte was believed to be a prayer
intented for a safe journey by the sea. In Mindoro, the Mangyans etched Baybayin script on the smaller
nodes of bamboo poles to write poems of courtship and emotional concerns.
During this era, religious processions where Catholic saints and scenes from the bible were
prevalent.During the 19th century, the zarzuela or sarsuwela,a popular form of musical theater , an
operetta of singing and dancing together with prose dialogues was introduced by the Spaniards. At first
zarzuela were in Spanish and later they had the local one that is why it was termed sarsuwela. Severino
Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan were the most distinguished playwrights with Atang dela Rama as their
leading actress.
Other forms of arts during this period are the local theater forms like senakulo, komedya,moro-
moro, and the folk music and dance like the cariñosa, pandanggo, polka, dansa and rigodon. The first
senakulo which was the biblical account of Christ’s passion and death on the cross was written by Gaspar
Aquino de Belen in 1704. The komedya is categorized into two namely: komedya de santo or religious
komedya and secular komedya. The first category focuses on the life of Christ or any saint where the
actors with extravagant costumes choreographed the war scenes. The moro-moro is an example of the
second one involving a love story between a Christian and a Muslim expressed in verse and clashes
between them in dance form resulting to the conversion and baptism of the Muslim character, then
wedding followed. The folk music and dance were traced from habañera, jota and tango dance from Spain.
Doctrina Christiana was the first printed book in the Philippines containing song lyrics,
commandments, sacraments and other catechetical materials.
As we can observe, Spanish colonial period was mostly religious art. American Colonial Period
(1898-1940) to the Postwar Republic (1946-1969)
Since the Americans taught their language in the public school, Filipinos wrote plays in English
like the one written by Lino Castillejo and Jesus Araullo in 1915 entitled A Modern Filipina, the first ever
play written in English.
During this period, the Americans introduced the Vaudeville that originated from France and
became popular in the Philippines and was locally called bodabil.
This is actually a collection of slapsticks, songs, dances, acrobatics, comedy skits, chorus girls,
magic acts, and stand-up comic acts.

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 In the realm of architecture, the architect and urban planner Daniel Burnham was commissioned
by the American government to design Baguio and Manila. He implemented the Burnham plan and
employed neoclassic architecture. This is for its government buildings, parks, and lawns. Neoclassic
architecture may include decorative sculptural elements housed in a pediment as shown by the National
Art Gallery. Some Filipinos were trained in the US or in Europe to design buildings during this period.
They were Tomas Mapua, Juan Arellano, Andres Luna de San Pedro and Antonio Toledo.
During this period, there was a demand for artists who could do illustrations in textbooks or
graphic design for product labels. There was also the persistence of still life, portrait paintings and
inclination toward genre.
Some of the artworks during this period were the Oblation (1935 original/1958 bronze cast found
at the Up Oblation Plaza) at the University of the Philippines and the Bonifacio Monument which consisted
of life size figures in dynamic poses demonstrating restraint, formality and elegance in a historical tableau,
1933 in Caloocan .Both of these artworks were done by Guillermo Tolentino. Fabian dela Rosa painted
Planting Rice in 1921 and El Kundiman in 1930. Fernando Amorsolo did a lot of portraits of prominent
individuals and was a graphic artist of the textbook series The Philippine Readers, made illustrations for
the newspaper The Independent the logo design for Ginebra San Miguel where a saint trampled on a devil.
This logo helped him study Fine Arts in Spain thru a grant given by the company. National Artist Victorio
Edades painted in 1928 The Builders which presented distorted figures of labouring workers.
Japanese Occupation (1941 – 1945)
The Japanese led the propaganda movement that would reject the Western traditions. Art
production was under the scrutiny of the Japanese government. Expressions which were subversive by
nature or anti-Japanese would tantamount to torture and even death.
Felipe de Leon wrote Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas , the anthem which spoke of the loyalty
to the nation reared in East Asia where Japan was actively asserting its political power. It was said that he
had been “commanded at the point of the gun” in writing this anthem.
Genre paintings specially those expressing a neutral relationship between the Filipinos and the
Japanese showing the normalcy of life were the most widely produced. The Japanese also preferred
indigenous and pre-colonial traditions. Examples of these are Crispin Lopez’ study of an Aeta, 1943 and
Amorsolo’s bombing of the Intendencia, 1942 and the Ruins of the Manila Cathedral, 1945.
Neo-Realism, Abstraction, and Other Modern Art Styles
The artists during this period wanted to produce works of art that would reflect their national identity, an
art that would expose the “true social conditions” of the period. A group of artist showed a new kind of
modernism and this was observed by artist-writer E. Aguilar Cruz who named the movement Neo-Realism.
Many of these artist focused on folk themes and made commentaries on the urban condition and the
effects of war. The National Artist associated with this period were Manansala, Legaspi and HR Ocampo.
Manasala’s the Beggars, 1952 presents two thin women with sad faces against a dark background
indicating the dullness of poverty. Most of Manansala’s paintings are characterized by transparent
cubism, a style of soft fragmentation of figures using transparent planes. Legaspi’s Gadgets II, 1949 shows
half-naked men surrounded by machines depicting their hardship, their expressionless faces as they
function like machines. Most of Legaspi’s artworks have distorted images by stretching or making rotund
forms in a well ordered composition. Ocampo’s The Contrast, 1940, is a figurative artwork that reveals
human conditions amid the environment of modernity. He is recognized with his combination of geometric
and biomorphic shapes with lively colors.
In 1950, churches of modern architectural structures were constructed. Among them were the
Church of the Holy Sacrifice, 1955 and the Church of the Risen Lord that made use of concrete material
and tried on rounded or parabolic forms.
Another modern art that arose during this period is abstraction which consists of simplified forms
and avoided copied representation. It highlighted the relationship of color, line and space or the flatness of
the canvas rather an illusion of three dimensionality. An example of this kind of art is Arturo Luz’ Street
Musicians, 1952 who used stark linear elements and who trimmed down the figures into lines and basic
shapes. Fernando Zobel made use of used syringe in his paintings. In the artworks of Constancio
Bernardo and Lee Aguinaldo were solid geometric shapes and color fields.
70s to Contemporary
When Martial Law was declared during the time of former President Ferdinand Marcos, there was a
rebirth of a long lost civilization and aspiration to modernization and development. The vision was to
propagate and implement an art and culture program that combined fine arts, architecture , interior
design, tourism, convention city building, engineering, urban planning, health and among others. This
optimism and rebirth was observed in the composition of Bagong Pagsilang by Levi Celerio and Felipe de
Leon Padilla.
Art was circulated through a network of institutions that braided the threads of the pre-modern,
vernacular, the modern and the international. National pride was instilled thru murals, folk festivals and
museums in charge of the collection and display of ethnographic artifacts and natural specimen like in the
National Museum.
Cultural Center of the Philippines was the entity in charge of the implementation of art acquisition,
exhibition making, workshops, grants and awards. Leandro Locsin , chief architect of Imelda Marcos

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designed this modernist building as a cross between the bahay kubo and art minimalist structures. Other
edifices built during this period were the CCP Complex, Folk Arts Theater, PICC, Tahanang Filipino, and
Manila Film Center. Most of the buildings used concrete block-like forms suggestive of the Modern style
while the others used vernacular elements as a way of reviving Filipino traditions.
Social Realism
This is the period of the 70s and 80s in which the art form was a protest art that exposed the
socio-political issues and struggles at this time. The focus was on the oppressed, marginalized and
underrepresented people who experienced inequality and forms of repression. Art was not only expressed
through painting but also posters and murals in the streets.
The Salingpusa, a group of UP students, who became popular in the 80’s, made collaborative
murals where Social Realism could be felt. The members of this group are Elmer Borlongan, Karen
Ocampo Flores, Emmanuel Garibay, Mark Justiniani, Lito Mondejar, and Federico Sievert. There was also
a group of political artist in Bacolod named Pamilya Pintura whose members were Nunelucio Alvarado,
Charlie Co, and Norberto Roldan.
Some of the varied contemporary art forms of expressions were Ang Kiukok’s dogfight paintings
hinting of conflict and aggression, Santiago Bose’s ethnicity, identity and alternative historical narratives
who drew insight from his native Bagiuo, Roberto Feleo’s creation stories drawn from indigenous myths
with foreign interventions like altar niches used to house saints, and Brenda Fajardo’s histories of ethnic
communities through her tarot card series. Another one is entitled Cutting Onions Always Makes Me Cry,
(1988) by Julie LLuch from Iligan city who would often emphasize her female identity and personal
experiences in many of her terracotta works. Her self-portrait presents cooking, a role associated with
women in the home as oppressive and unpleasant. Nelia Querubin-Tompkins, a ceramist, has
experimented with iron-rich San Dionisio clay sourced from her native IloIlo. The coarse clay is prepared
by mixing it with river sand and lead glaze to create elegant black pottery. Ricarte Purugganan depicted
nature as an uncontrollable force in “Toilers of the Sea”, 1980, the thick turquoise brushwork suggests the
rough rolling of the waves threatening to engulf anything that comes its way. Lirio Salvador, Cavite based
artist, fuses easily accessible objects like machine discards, bicycle parts, and kitchen implements to form
an assemblage. He would often include synthesizers and guitar strings to convert these artworks into
functional instruments. Benedicto Cabrera, a National Artist, painted Brown Brother’s Burden, 1970,
approximates the look of an old photograph which presents an aspect of colonial history from the gaze of
the colonized.
Various Contemporary Art Forms
Fine or Aesthetic (Major) Arts are primarily for aesthetic enjoyment through the senses,
especially visual and auditory. It is changing certain materials or media for aesthetic pleasure.
Visual Arts is a form of art that uses any medium to represent the artist’s idea, emotion
and imagination .Examples are painting, sculpture, architecture, ceramics, drawing,
printmaking, design, video, film making and photography.

Practical or Utilitarian (Minor) arts are intended for practical use or utility. It is the changing of raw
materials for utilitarian purposes. However, they must possess ornaments or artistic qualities to make
them useful and beautiful.
Industrial Art is the changing of raw materials into some significant product for human
consumption or use. Examples of this are shell-craft, bamboo-craft, leather-craft, shoe-making, pottery-
making, sheet –metalwork, and manufacture of automobiles, home appliances and television sets.

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 Applied or Household Art refers mostly to household arts such as flower arrangement, interior
decoration, dressmaking, embroidery, cooking and others.

Civic Art includes municipal or town planning, maintenance and beautification of parks, plazas,
roads, bridges and farms. It refers to civic planning and beautification in order to improve the standards of
living.

Commercial Art involves business propaganda in the form of advertisements in newspapers and
magazines, sign painting, billboard announcements, leaflets, displays, poster designing, movie
illustrations and many more.

A category of fine art, graphic art covers a broad range of visual artistic expression, typically two-
dimensional, i.e. produced on a flat surface. Graphic art further includes calligraphy, photography,
painting, typography, computer graphics, and bindery.
Calligraphy (from Greek: καλλιγραφία) is a visual art related to writing. It is the design and
execution of lettering with a broad-tipped instrument, brush, or other writing instrument. Modern
calligraphy ranges from functional inscriptions and designs to fine-art pieces where the letters may or may
not be readable.
Computer graphics is the branch of computer science that deals with generating images with the
aid of computers. Today, computer graphics is a core technology in digital photography, film, video games,
cell phone and computer displays, and many specialized applications.
Typography is the art of arranging letters and text in a way that makes the copy legible, clear, and
visually appealing to the reader. Typography involves font style, appearance, and structure, which aims to
elicit certain emotions and convey specific messages. In short, typography is what brings the text to life
Bindery refers to a studio, workshop or factory where sheets of (usually) paper are fastened together to
make books, but also where gold and other decorative elements are added to the exterior of books, where
boxes or books are made and where the restoration of books is carried out.

Agricultural Art refers to agronomy (crop production), horticulture (garden or orchard cultivation),
husbandry (raising of cows, carabaos, poultry and swine) and farming.

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 Business Art includes merchandising, accounting, bookkeeping, typewriting, stenography,
salesmanship and business administration.

Fishery Art includes shallow and deep sea fishing, fish refrigeration and culture, net weaving.

Medical or Clinical Art includes first aid treatments, medicinal manufacturing, surgery, medical
operations, rehabilitation and others. It is a diverse, multidisciplinary field dedicated to transforming
health and the healthcare experience through arts. Medicine is an applied science, and its practice is an
art.

Activity
What art forms can you identify in your community? List 3 art forms and paste each photo of those
forms on a sheet of long bond paper. Give a brief description about it.
Performance Task
What fiesta traditions do you observe in your hometown or the place where you currently live?
When is the fiesta held and what does it commemorate? What are its rituals and activities? Choose a form
(fiesta décor, culinary arts, performing arts, etc.), describe, and explain its origins. Interview an older
member of the family for the latter. Supplement with pictures. Put your output on sheets of coupon bond
8.5 x 13 /long coupon bond, with a margin of 1” on all sides, the orientation is portrait.

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Assessment
Directions: Read carefully each item. Use a whole sheet of paper for your answer. Write only the
letter of the best answer for each item.
1. What form of art was introduced when people during the olden times added drum beating and assigned
a beat to their movements?
A. Literature B. Music C. Dance D. Theater
2. What is being practiced in the Cordillera Autonomous Region when animals are sacrificed for the
purposes of healing, announcement of the birth of a child, or a coming of age during wakes, weddings, and
burial ceremonies?
A. Cañao B. Kashawing C. Tagbanwa D. none of these
3. In what ritual in Palawan do the people believe that their planting of rice will be blessed by three
goddesses who go down from heaven?
A. Cañao B. Kashawing C. Tagbanwa D. none of these
4. Which of the following imitations would you select to determine your knowledge about talip dance in
Ifugao?
A. movement of the seabirds C. funny movements of the monkeys
B. movements of the wild fowls D. none of these
5. What idea comes into your mind about the hagabi of the Ifugaos?
A. This image is a granary god that plays an important role in rituals.
B. This image marks the socioeconomic status of the owner.
C. The image of the sculpture of saints
D. The protruding beams or the panolong designed with okir of the torogan
6. What idea comes into your mind about Santos which were carved by Christian
Communities in Laguna and Pampanga?
A. This image is a granary god that plays an important role in rituals.
B. This image marks the socioeconomic status of the owner.
C. The image of the sculpture of saints
D. The protruding beams or the panolong designed with okir of the torogan
7. What belief system was conveyed in the use of textiles?
A. The respect for spirits and nature, criteria for the beautiful, and the structure of socio- politics
in their society
B. A guard of the individual from evil spirits, and in some cases, it was considered as a mark of
maturity and bravery
C. An agreement made by the ancestors of the community and the unseen spirits that dwell in the
lake
D. A travel to the afterlife
8. Which was emphasized in the doctrine of Tawhid which influenced the Islamic art?
A. The greatness of the divine being.
B. The respect for spirits and nature, criteria for the beautiful, and the structure of socio- politics
in their society
C. A guard of the individual from evil spirits, and in some cases, it was considered as a mark of
maturity and bravery

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 D. An agreement made by the ancestors of the community and the unseen spirits that dwell in the
lake.
9. What is true about the kind of art form during the Spanish rule in the
Philippines?
A. Most of the art forms during this era were religious arts for the purpose of converting the
Filipinos to Catholicism.
B. Through the abstract forms of patterns in the interior of the churches, the believers can
concentrate mentally.
C. Expressions which were subversive by nature would tantamount to torture and even death.
D. During this period, there was a demand for artists who could do illustrations in textbooks or
graphic design for product labels.
10. What can you say about the art forms that reign during the Japanese rule?
A. Most of the art forms during this era were religious arts for the purpose of converting the
Filipinos to Catholicism.
B. Through the abstract forms of patterns in the interior of the churches, the believers can
concentrate mentally.
C. Expressions which were subversive by nature would tantamount to torture and even death.
D. During this period, there was a demand for artists who could do illustrations in textbooks or
graphic design for product labels.
11. Which of the following will you select to determine your understanding about the art forms that existed
during the American rule in the Philippines?
A. Most of the art forms during this era were religious arts for the purpose of converting the
Filipinos to Catholicism.
B. Through the abstract forms of patterns in the interior of the churches, the believers can
concentrate mentally.
C. Expressions which were subversive by nature would tantamount to torture and even death.
D. During this period, there was a demand for artists who could do illustrations in textbooks or
graphic design for product labels.
12. Which of the following statements would differentiate Fine Arts and Practical
Arts?
A. Fine Arts is the changing of raw materials for utilitarian purposes while
Practical Arts is the changing of certain materials or media for aesthetic pleasure.
B. Fine Arts is the changing of certain materials or media for aesthetic pleasure while Practical Arts
is the changing of raw materials for utilitarian purposes
C. Fine arts refers to civic planning and beautification in order to improve the standards of living in
the community while Practical arts is a modern art which consists of simplified forms and avoided
copied representations.
D. Fine arts refers to a modern art which consists of simplified forms and avoided copied
representations while Practical arts refers to civic planning and beautification in order to improve
the standards of living in the community.
13. Which of the following would best describe a Social Realism art?
A. An art that would reflect the national identity of the people, an art that would expose the “true
social conditions” of the period.
B. The art form was a protest art that exposed the socio-political issues and struggles at this time.
C. The vision was to propagate and implement an art and culture program that combined fine arts,
architecture , interior design, tourism, convention city building, engineering, urban planning,
health and among others.
D. Art were mostly household arts such as flower arrangement, interior decoration, dressmaking,
embroidery, and cooking.
14. Which of the following indicates typography?
A. It is the art of arranging letters and text in a way that makes the copy legible, clear, and visually
appealing to the reader.
B. It refers to agronomy (crop production), horticulture (garden or orchard cultivation), husbandry
(raising of cows, carabaos, poultry and swine) and farming.
C. It is a diverse, multidisciplinary field dedicated to transforming health and the healthcare
experience through arts
D. Most are household arts such as flower arrangement, interior decoration, dressmaking,
embroidery, and cooking.
15. What does a Commercial art involve in?
A. It involves business propaganda in the form of advertisements in newspapers and magazines,
sign painting, billboard announcements, leaflets, displays, poster designing, movie illustrations
B. It involves municipal or town planning, maintenance and beautification of parks, plazas, roads,
bridges and farms.
C. It refers to civic planning and beautification in order to improve the standards of living.

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 D. It involves pieces of paper which are fastened together to make books, but also where gold and
other decorative elements are added to the exterior of books, where boxes or books are made and
where the restoration of books is carried out.

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