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Computer Introduction To C Report

The C programming language was developed at Bell Labs in 1972 and features were derived from an earlier language called B. C was invented to implement the UNIX operating system. The document then discusses the characteristics of C programs including their small size with only 32 keywords and support for loose typing. It also lists common applications of C like operating systems, databases, and graphics. The structure of a C program is outlined including documentation, preprocessor statements, functions, and the main function. Finally, the document defines C tokens like keywords, identifiers, constants, and errors in C programs.

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2K views6 pages

Computer Introduction To C Report

The C programming language was developed at Bell Labs in 1972 and features were derived from an earlier language called B. C was invented to implement the UNIX operating system. The document then discusses the characteristics of C programs including their small size with only 32 keywords and support for loose typing. It also lists common applications of C like operating systems, databases, and graphics. The structure of a C program is outlined including documentation, preprocessor statements, functions, and the main function. Finally, the document defines C tokens like keywords, identifiers, constants, and errors in C programs.

Uploaded by

srija
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING

INTRODUCTION
The C programming language is a structure oriented programming language,
developed at Bell Laboratories in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie.

C programming language features were derived from an earlier language called


“B” (Basic Combined Programming Language – BCPL)

C language was invented for implementing UNIX operating system.

In 1978, Dennis Ritchie and Brian Kernighan published the first edition “The C
Programming Language” and is commonly known as K&R C.

In 1983, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) established a


committee to provide a modern, comprehensive definition of C. The resulting
definition, the ANSI standard, or “ANSI C”, was completed late 1988.

Many of C’s ideas & principles were derived from the earlier language B,
thereby naming this new language “C”.

CHARECTERESTICS OF A C PROGRAM
• Small size- it has only 32 keywords

• Extensive use of functional cal

• It is a structured language

• Supports loose typing- a character can be treated as an integer and vice


versa.

• It can be compiled into a variety of computers


Applications
The C programming language is used for developing system applications that
forms a major portion of operating systems such as Windows, UNIX and Linux.
Below are some examples of C being used:

 Database systems
 Graphics packages
 Word processors
 Spreadsheets
 Operating system development
 Compilers and Assemblers
 Network drivers
 Interpreters

WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF A C PROGRAM ?


Documentations (Documentation Section)

• Pre-processor Statements (Link Section)

• Global Declarations (Definition Section)

• The main() function

o Local Declarations
o Program Statements & Expressions

• User Defined Functions

C TOKENS
In a C Program, the smallest individual units are known as C -Tokens. Programs
are written using these tokens and syntax of language. There are totally six
tokens. They are:

1. Keywords

2. Identifiers

3. Constants

4. Strings

5. Special Symbols

6. Operators

Keywords: are those words, whose meaning is already known to the C


compiler i.e. they are predefined words. The keywords cannot be used as
variable names.

There are only 32 keywords available in C.


Identifiers: They refer to the names of variable, functions and arrays. These
are user-defined names and consist of a sequence of letters and digits, with
a letter as a first character. Both uppercase and lowercase letters are
permitted, although lowercase letters are commonly used. The underscore
character is also permitted in identifiers.

Constants: Constants in ‘C’ refer to fixed values that do not change during
the execution of a program. Constant is a memory location in which a value
can be stored and this cannot be altered during the execution of program.
‘C’ supports several types of constants. They are illustrated below.

Error in C language

ERROR

Syntax error: Some statements in the program is not a legal statement in the
language.

Runtime error: An error occurs while the program is executing, causing the
program to terminate(divide by zero, etc.)

Logical error: The program executes to completion, but gives incorrect results.

EXAMPLE OF A BASIC PROGRAM :


BASIC STRUCTURE:
o #include <stdio.h>
o void main()
o {
o int a;
o printf( "Please enter a number: " );
o scanf( "%d", &a );
o printf( "You entered %d", a );
o return 0;
o }

EXAMPLE:
Question: C Program to find sum of two numbers
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a,b,c;
printf("enter the value of A = ");
scanf("%i",&a);
printf("enter the value of B = ");
scanf("%i",&b);
c=a+b;
printf("The sum is = %i",c);
return 0;
}

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