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Direction and

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Distance

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INTRODUCTION Direction Map
This part of reasoning comes under the North
category of common sense reasoning.
North-West North-East
In fact, this segment gauges the sense
of direction of a candidate.

West East
CONCEPT OF DIRECTION
In our day to day life, we make our
concept of direction after seeing the
South-West South-East
position of sun. In fact, this is a truth
that sun rises in the East and goes down South
in the West. Thus when we stand facing
sunrise, then our front is called East while q Shortcut Approach
our back is called West. At this position To remember four main
our left hand is in the Northward and the directions, always remember the
word 'NEWS.'
right hand is in the Southward. Let us
see the following direction map that will Note: On paper North is always on top
make your concept more clear. be while South is always in bottom.

CONCEPT OF DEGREE
Let us see the following picture:
360º 360º
0º 0º
315º
Anti clockwise (ACW)

45º 45º 315º

Clockwise (CW)

270º 90º 90º 270º

225º 135º 135º 225º

180º 180º
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30 Direction and Distance

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B 2 km A
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Angle between two consecutive

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main directions is always 90°. 4 km

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• Angle between two consecutive

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1 km

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subdirections is always 90°. D

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C 2 km E

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• Angle between a main direction

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and a subdirection is always 90°.

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Remember
CONCEPT OF TURN
• If our face is towards North, than
Right turn = Clockwise turn
after left turn our face will be towards
Left turn = Anticlockwise turn
Let us understand it through West while after right turn, it will be
pictorial representation: towards East.
• If our face is towards South, then
Right turn Left turn after left turn our face will be towards
East and after right turn it will be
Right turn

Left turn

towards West.
Right turn

Left turn

• If our face is towards East, then after

left turn our face will be forwards
Right turn Left turn North and after right turn it will be
(i) (ii) towards South.
• If our face is towards West, then
after left turn our face will be towards
South and after right turn it will be
Right turn Left turn
towards North.
• If our face is towards North-West,
then after left turn our face will be
(iv) towards South-West and after right
(iii)
turn it will be towards North-East.
• If our face is towards South-West,
EXAMPLE 1. Raman walked 2 km then after left turn our face will be
towards South-East and after right
West from his office and then turned
turn it will be towards North-West.
South covering 4 km. Finally, he waked
3 km towards East and again move 1 km • If our face is towards South-East,
West. How far is Raman from his initial then after left turn our face will be
position. towards North-East and after right
Sol. Raman starts from his office A, turn it will be towards South-West.
moves 2 km West upto B, then 4 • If our face is towards North-East,
km to the South upto C, 3 km East
then after left turn our face will be
upto D and finally 1 km West upto
E, Thus his distance from the initial towards North-West and after right-
position AE = BC = 4 km. turn it will be towards South-East.
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Direction and Distance 31

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CONCEPT OF MINIMUM \ Rashmi’s distance from starting

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DISTANCE point A

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A
Minimum distance between = AD = AC 2 +CD 2 = 4 2 + 32

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initial and last point

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= 16 + 9 = 25 = 5km.

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h2 = b2 + P2

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From figure, D is to the North-East

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P h
of A.
where,

h = Hypotenuse SHADOW CASE

b = Base B b C In Morning/Sunrise Time
P = Perpendicular (a) If a person facing towards Sun, the
shadow will be towards his back
Remember this important rule is
or in West.
known as ‘Pythogoras Theorem’
(b) If a person facing towards South,
EXAMPLE 2. Rashmi walks 10 km the shadow will be towards his
towards North. She walks 6 km towards right.
South then. From here she moves 3 km (c) If a person facing towards West,
towards East. How far and in which the shadow will be towards his
direction is she with reference to her front.
starting point? (d) If a person facing towards North,
Sol. It is clear, Rashmi moves from A 10 the shadow will be towards his left.
km Northwards upto B, then
moves 6 km Southwards upto C, In Evening/Sunset Time
then turns towards East and walks (a) If a person facing towards Sun, the
3 km upto D. shadow will be towards his back
Then, AC = (AB – BC) = 10 – 6 = 4
or in East.
km
CD = 3km. (b) If a person facing towards North,
the shadow will be towards his
B right.
6 km (c) If a person facing towards East,
3 km the shadow will be towards his
D
C front.
(e) If a person facing towards South,
10 km the shadow will be towards his left.

Note : At 12:00 noon there is no

shadow because the rays of the sun
A are vertically downward.
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32 Direction and Distance

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q Shortcut Approach

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EXAMPLE 3. Early morning after

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sunrise, Rajesh was standing infront of • Draw four lines and write all

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his house in such a way that his shadow

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as falling exactly behind him. He starts directions on each edge of it

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walking straight and walks 5 m. He same.

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turns to his left and walks 3 m and again • Think the 'you' are standing at all

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turning to his left walks 2m. Now in arrow head facing outward from

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which direction is he from his starting centre.
point?
Sol. The shadow of Rajesh was falling • Read the statement line by line.
exactly behind him. So, he was facing • Move yourself as per statement
towards East. Diagram clearly shows asked and prepare a diagram as
that Rajesh was in North-East with per line by line statement.
reference to the starting point.
• Show, check and verify the
2m
direction and distance of you
from starting point.
int
g po

2m
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Sta

5m

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Practice Exercises with Hints & Solutions – P-40-45

Chapter Test – C-11- 12
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